Introduction

It is a matter of Scripture that Judah will be converted in the Last Days and the hardening of their hearts will be removed.

A hardening came upon the hearts of Judah, and the Messiah had to be killed in accordance with prophecy. Judah had to be removed from Israel and the physical Temple destroyed because of their blindness on the first part and the Plan of God in relation to the Temple on the second part. The sequence was done in accordance with prophecy we see from Daniel regarding the Temple and as explained in the paper The Sign of Jonah and the History of the Reconstruction of the Temple (No. 13). The blindness that came upon Judah is detailed in the paper War with Rome and the Fall of the Temple (No. 298).

In the Last Days the blindness will be lifted and the Holy Spirit will be poured out on Judah so that they are converted and the Plan of God is implemented.

The sequence of the changes of Judah’s beliefs and the trials they have suffered when seen in context of Scripture and prophecy are recognisable as fitting into the overall structure. They need not have suffered as much outside of the Plan of God but they are a stiff-necked people and a hardness did come upon their hearts.

Soon they will repent and their eyes will be opened.

They still have a number of trials to endure (see the paper War of Hamon-Gog (No. 294)).

However, Judah will survive and they will overcome and be restored.

Their story is Scripture and Scripture cannot be broken (Jn. 10:34-35).

In the same way prophecy deals with the Church and with the other nations surrounding the Holy Land. The prophecies cover the Middle East, including Egypt, Persia, and the nations allied with, or placing themselves in league with, those nations.

There has always been a question of freedom and persecution for Jews. For an example of their handling we will turn to England.

The Jews in England

The year 2006, or 29/120, marked the 350^th anniversary (equal to 7 Jubilees) of the decision by Oliver Cromwell as Lord Protector to readmit the Jews to England. Their expulsion, lasting about 366 years, had been by edict of King Edward I enacted on All Saints’ Day in 1290. England was thus the first European country to formally expel the Jews following several hundred years of persecution.

Their readmission came about mainly through the efforts of one man, Rabbi Menasseh ben Israel of Amsterdam. In 1655 he presented a petition to the Council of State in England asking that the Jews be granted freedom of trade, freedom of religion – including their own synagogues and cemeteries, and the right to operate under Mosaic Law – and calling for the revocation of all anti-Jewish laws. However, no decision was made by the committee formed to look at the question of their readmission. Most of the members of that committee of judges, merchants and clergymen were in fact opposed to the idea, but Cromwell himself gave permission in 1656. Cromwell and his Puritans had also sensibly supported an earlier parliamentary ban on the celebration of Christmas, Saints’ days and other non-biblical holy days.

It was noted that the ban by Edward was by royal prerogative only and not by any Act of Parliament, hence there was no actual law of expulsion to revoke. It wasn’t until over 200 years later in 1858, however, that Jews in Britain received full and equal rights as citizens. Cromwell, who died in 1658, sought to readmit the Jews for a number of reasons. Many of his fellow Puritans had a sincere interest in the Hebrew language and literature and felt a certain sympathy for the ‘people of the Old Testament’, while for others it was a matter of political expediency. The primary reason was apparently for straightforward commercial advantage, as there was a lucrative trade operating between Holland and England at the time and the Jews were recognised as master traders and merchants who could facilitate that trade. Lucien Wolf, founder of the Anglo-Jewish Historical Society, wrote early in the 20^th century on what he considered was the motive for readmission: “It was really the deficiency of bullion in the country which, as early as 1643 … suggested to Cromwell the desirability of settling Jewish merchants in London.”

And settle they did, in ever-growing numbers. Expelled earlier from Spain and Portugal during the Catholic Inquisition, the Jews had set up business in Amsterdam and had been instrumental in making the city one of the busiest ports in the world at that time. Following Cromwell’s decision many of these Sephardi and other Jews began moving to England and reintroducing some aspects of Torah-observance to Britain. Someone who visited the Sephardi Synagogue in Creechurch Lane, London in 1662 was told: “One year in Oliver’s time, they did build booths on the other side of the Thames and keep the Feast of Tabernacles in them.” In October 1663, the famous diarist Samuel Pepys also visited this Sephardi Synagogue, the immediate successor of which, Bevis Marks, remains the oldest in Britain today.

Since their formal readmission, the Jews have become fully integrated into British society and have proven themselves loyal servants of the Crown and an invaluable asset to the country in a great number of ways. Today there are about 300,000 Jews in the UK, out of an estimated 13-14 million scattered throughout the world. There are more Jews in the USA than in Israel and the US and British Commonwealth is the true home for the majority of Judah today. In that sense the Jews are being reunited with Israel and the nation called Israel is really a section of the Commonwealth. It is ironic that Israel and Australia are grouped together in the same division of the world by the Rome agreements.

In The Times (London) of 1 June 2002, Rabbi Jonathan Romain wrote an article entitled ‘Pariahs, heroes and a loyal people: how England’s monarchs saw their Jewish subjects’, part of which reads as follows.

When the late Princess Margaret visited Maidenhead Synagogue ten years ago - the first Jewish worship she had attended - she admitted afterwards that what had amazed her most was not the Hebrew or the rituals, but the discovery that Jews recited a Prayer for the Royal Family at every Sabbath service. …

It is not just the present Queen for whom the Jews have prayed; it has been a long-standing tradition to ask for God’s blessing on the monarch as the symbol of national stability, although, frankly, some kings and queens have deserved it less than others.

The relationship between the Crown and the Jews started with William I, when a settled community was established here after he brought across Jews from Normandy to help colonise his new kingdom. They were seen as a trustworthy element in an otherwise unstable population, with Anglo-Saxons wishing to be rid of him and his own nobles vying for power. Their relations with William II were even more cordial and he even jested that he would consider converting to Judaism if they could out-debate his bishops - much to the horror of the latter, although it was never put to the test.

As newcomers to the country, the Jews … were formally declared to be “the chattels” of the Crown, responsible directly to the Throne and belonging to it. This definition held many advantages, giving Jews rights of residence and protection. …

Subsequent kings abused this special power, levying punitive taxes on the Jews … For her part, Elizabeth II has treated her Jewish subjects as they would wish: exactly the same as everyone else. …

Most Jews would be delighted to see a multi-faith element to any future coronations, with Orthodox and Progressive rabbis participating alongside other religious leaders, but for now they are more than happy to join in the acclaims of ‘Long live the Queen’ (emphasis added).

Such dedication and respect for the Monarchy is rarely to be seen among the most loyal of her other subjects, Christian or otherwise. Perhaps unknowingly, the Jews are actually praying for their own kin, as it has been proven that members of the present Royal Family are direct descendants of King David of Israel and are therefore of the tribe of Judah. See the paper From David and the Exilarchs to the House of Windsor (No. 67) and the Sabbath Message 16/4/27/120 at:

http://www.ccg.org/_domain/ccg.org/Sabbath/2004/S_07_03_04.htm

Many royals know this fact, as there is a genealogical table in Windsor Castle actually showing their descent from King David. Queen Victoria (reigned 1837-1901) was fully aware that she occupied the throne of David. The majority of the subjects of the Crown, however, remain in ignorance to this day.

As a point of interest, the present Queen, Elizabeth II, began her reign in February 1952, so that the year 1977 was her official jubilee (albeit a silver one, i.e. a half jubilee). Her silver jubilee coincided with the true year of Jubilee. The first year of the new jubilee in 1978 was the beginning of the true 120^th Jubilee of God’s Calendar.

David’s everlasting throne

Both kings David and Solomon were told that the throne they had been given would be everlasting (2Sam. 7:13,16; Jer. 33:17).

2Samuel 7:12-17 When your days are fulfilled and you lie down with your fathers, I will raise up your offspring after you, who shall come forth from your body, and I will establish his kingdom. ¹³ He shall build a house for my name, and I will establish the throne of his kingdom for ever. ¹⁴ I will be his father, and he shall be my son. When he commits iniquity, I will chasten him with the rod of men, with the stripes of the sons of men; ¹⁵ but I will not take my steadfast love from him, as I took it from Saul, whom I put away from before you. ¹⁶ And your house and your kingdom shall be made sure for ever before me; your throne shall be established for ever.'" ¹⁷ In accordance with all these words, and in accordance with all this vision, Nathan spoke to David. (RSV)

It could be inferred from some Scriptures that total obedience to God and His Laws was required for the promise to remain in force regarding the physical throne of Israel (e.g. 1Kgs. 2:1-4; 2Chr. 6:16; Ps. 132:11-12). However, verse 45 of 1Kings 2 suggests the throne would be established forever from its inception, irrespective of obedience by the kings (and queens) who would ascend it.

In verse 14 of 2Samuel 7 above, it appears that Solomon and the kings after him would be chastised severely for their sins, but the promise regarding the continuity of the royal line on Israel’s throne would never be revoked.

1Kings 2:1-4,45 When David's time to die drew near, he charged Solomon his son, saying, ² "I am about to go the way of all the earth. Be strong, and show yourself a man, ³ and keep the charge of the LORD your God, walking in his ways and keeping his statutes, his commandments, his ordinances, and his testimonies, as it is written in the law of Moses, that you may prosper in all that you do and wherever you turn; ⁴ that the LORD may establish his word which he spoke concerning me, saying, 'If your sons take heed to their way, to walk before me in faithfulness with all their heart and with all their soul, there shall not fail you a man on the throne of Israel.' … ⁴⁵ But King Solomon shall be blessed, and the throne of David shall be established before the LORD for ever." (RSV)

And again in the Psalms:

Psalm 89:35-37 Once for all I have sworn by my holiness; I will not lie to David. ³⁶His line shall endure for ever, his throne as long as the sun before me. ³⁷Like the moon it shall be established for ever; it shall stand firm while the skies endure." (RSV)

An analogy can be made between the throne of David and God’s Laws. The latter have not been repealed for the last two thousand years since the death of Messiah, only to become enforceable, as Scripture unequivocally indicates they will, in the coming Kingdom of God. Neither has the physical throne of David disappeared for 2600 years or so (i.e. since the captivity of Judah in 586 BCE), only to reappear when Messiah comes to take up his kingship. Rather, both the royal line on the throne and God’s royal Law have been in continuous operation from their inception.

Jeremiah 33:14-26 "Behold, the days are coming, says the LORD, when I will fulfil the promise I made to the house of Israel and the house of Judah. ¹⁵ In those days and at that time I will cause a righteous Branch to spring forth for David; and he shall execute justice and righteousness in the land. ¹⁶ In those days Judah will be saved and Jerusalem will dwell securely. And this is the name by which it will be called: 'The LORD is our righteousness.' ¹⁷ "For thus says the LORD: David shall never lack a man to sit on the throne of the house of Israel, ¹⁸ and the Levitical priests shall never lack a man in my presence to offer burnt offerings, to burn cereal offerings, and to make sacrifices for ever." ¹⁹ The word of the LORD came to Jeremiah: ²⁰ "Thus says the LORD: If you can break my covenant with the day and my covenant with the night, so that day and night will not come at their appointed time, ²¹ then also my covenant with David my servant may be broken, so that he shall not have a son [or sons] to reign on his throne, and my covenant with the Levitical priests my ministers. ²² As the host of heaven cannot be numbered and the sands of the sea cannot be measured, so I will multiply the descendants of David my servant, and the Levitical priests who minister to me." ²³ The word of the LORD came to Jeremiah: ²⁴ "Have you not observed what these people are saying, 'The LORD has rejected the two families which he chose'? Thus they have despised my people so that they are no longer a nation in their sight. ²⁵ Thus says the LORD: If I have not established my covenant with day and night and the ordinances of heaven and earth, ²⁶ then I will reject the descendantsof Jacob and David my servant and will not choose one of his descendants to rule over the seed of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. For I will restore their fortunes, and will have mercy upon them." (RSV)

In anticipation of widespread scepticism, God offers a challenge in verses 20 and 21. Day and night have come at their appointed time with absolute certainty since the Earth was renewed, hence God’s covenant concerning them has never been broken – and neither has His covenant of putting an unbroken line of David’s descendants on the throne of Israel (cf. vv. 25-26). The Levitical priesthood mentioned is now (since the destruction of the Temple at Jerusalem) the elect among the Churches of God, who have performed the continuous spiritual service since the Holy Spirit was given in the new era. The elect in fact are of the superior Melchisedek priesthood, of which the Levitical was only a temporary subset. We see also that the Levitical priesthood is never referred to as royal, unlike that of Melchisedek (1Pet. 2:9). The Law of God is similarly called royal (Jas. 2:8).

Royal obligations

This royal aspect brings with it certain privileges as well as duties, in the same way that the present Royal Family has obligations to the United Kingdom and the entire Commonwealth, which currently consists of about 54 nations and is undoubtedly the Ephraimite company of nations spoken of in Genesis 48:19.

If there are any ‘privileges’ of royalty they are ones associated with selfless dedication and service to the nation, of noblesse oblige, which the present Queen in particular has consistently demonstrated. She was born to a job she never wished for and which is thankless at the best of times, as alluded to in a recently-released film The Queen, starring Helen Mirren in the title role.

The Chief Rabbi of the United Hebrew Congregations of the Commonwealth, Professor Jonathan Sacks, had something to say about things ‘royal’ from a biblical perspective.

The Bible suggests that royalty isn’t about privilege and wealth, splendour and palaces. It’s moral courage. Moses, in discovering that he is the child of slaves, finds greatness. It’s not power that matters, but the fight for justice and freedom. Had Moses been an Egyptian prince, he would have been eminently forgettable. Only by being true to his people and to God did he become a hero.

Freud [author of Moses and Monotheism, in which he tried to prove that Moses was actually an Egyptian] … failed to see that he had come face to face with one of the most powerful moral truths the Bible ever taught. Those whom the world despises, God loves. A child of slaves can be greater than a prince.

God’s standards are not power and privilege. They are about recognising God’s image in the weak, the powerless, the afflicted, the suffering, and fighting for their cause. … the story of Moses is one of the great narratives of hope in the literature of mankind (The Times (London), 23 June 2001).

Judah’s pre-eminence

As mentioned earlier, the Jews have made an enormous contribution to the UK and most other countries as well. They have been pioneers in virtually every field, from science and medicine (since the mid-1800s, about 25% of the world’s scientists have been Jewish), to invention and commerce, and to the law, art and music (both as composers and performers). They possess natural intelligence and great energy which, for instance, has helped them to literally make ‘the desert bloom as a rose’ in the State of Israel, in marked contrast with many of its neighbouring states. From an objective and unprejudiced viewpoint we see that the Jews, who together account for only about 0.23% of the world’s population, must surely rank as the most talented and productive group of people, bar none. They thereby invite envy if not outright hatred from less-energetic and less-creative peoples.

However, Rabbi Harold S. Kushner, in his book To Life! A Celebration of Jewish Being and Thinking (Warner Books, NY, 1993), had this to say about the Jews who, as a result of their accomplishments, might consider themselves to be superior to other people:

What does it mean for us as Jews to consider ourselves a “chosen people”? It certainly does not mean that we think we are better than other people, either individually or collectively. I was a congregational rabbi for thirty years, dealing professionally with Jewish families, and if there is one thing I know beyond the shadow of a doubt, it is that Jews are just as flawed, just as average, just as imperfect as anyone else. There is no claim of Jewish biological superiority … We have no way of knowing how many of today’s Jews are the pure biological descendants of Abraham and Sarah, though we are all their spiritual descendants. …

But it is a historical fact that the Jews, and no one else, gave the world the Bible … God, for reasons of His own, chose to make the Jewish people the instrument of His self-revelation to the world (p. 32).

The fact is that only about a third of Jews are actually even Semitic let alone Jews. The origin of the Jews are detailed in the paper Genetic Origin of the Nations (No. 265) 2^nd edition.

Judaism is a religion now and not a single people.

The key there is that God chose, as He is the Master Potter who fashions and selects human vessels for use according to His will (Isa. 64:8), and it is no one’s right to question that or be envious toward those whom He has chosen. They should be and will be praised.

Judah’s pre-eminence and pioneering spirit were demonstrated in former times by the fact that they were required to march in the vanguard of the armies of Israel (Num. 2:2-3,9), and were the first to move out of the camp following the Ark of the Covenant. Their ensign or standard was a young lion (cf. Gen. 49:9). Messiah is referred to as a Lion of the Tribe of Judah, and is himself set in the vanguard of spiritual Israel.

During the wars of conquest and possession in the Promised Land, Judah uniquely was given its inheritance in the territory which that tribe had conquered (Jos. 14:6-15; 15:13-17). The reason for this is contained in verses 8,9 and 14, and was essentially because Caleb the son of Jephunneh (of the tribe of Judah) had “wholly followed the Lord God”, as noted also in the Book of Numbers.

Numbers 14:24 But my servant Caleb, because he has a different spirit and has followed me fully, I will bring into the land into which he went, and his descendants shall possess it. (RSV)

Even though Joshua the Ephraimite was also loyal and apparently had the right spirit, his descendants were not to possess the land on a continuous basis, as were the generations of Caleb, the representative of the tribe of Judah.

It is estimated that Judah actually occupied one-third of the entire western side of the Jordan once all the tribes had been settled in their respective areas. The tribe of Simeon also came to be incorporated or enfolded into Judah’s territory (Jos. 19:9), although it retained a separate identity. Just as the term Joseph most often applies to the combined tribes of Ephraim and Manasseh, it appears that when Judah is spoken of in Deuteronomy 33 it includes Simeon, as this tribe is included with Judah in their inheritance and was scattered amongst Israel. (cf. Jos. 19:1; Jdg. 1:3). There was also the close historical relationship between Simeon and Levi (Gen. 49:5), so there is a great deal of interconnection between the tribes. The name Judah means praised (SHD 3063), and perhaps suggests that this tribe will one day be praised by its brother tribes and the rest of the world as having been a vital instrument of God’s salvation, quite apart from Judah having provided the Messiah through King David.

Judah’s enemies

Just as spiritual Israel, the true Unitarian Law-keeping Church of God, has suffered intense persecution over the centuries, so too Judah, as the most readily-identifiable part of physical Israel, has suffered horribly. On several infamous occasions Judah has even been the target for attempted annihilation by its enemies: once by the Amalekite Haman, whose plan was thwarted by Esther and Mordecai (Est. 3-9), but even then the Jews had to fight for their lives; and secondly, in the 20th century, with the anti-Jewish pogroms in both Tsarist and Communist Russia, along with the mass extermination in Hitler’s Germany and its occupied (and often complicit) territories in Europe.

More recently, we have seen the unequivocal call by President Ahmadinejad of Iran for the extermination of the State of Israel (and presumably all the Jews with it), as if this would somehow solve the chronic and intractable problems in the Middle East. It is a call which conveniently overlooks the fact that the most vicious wars in that region have been fought (and continue to be fought) between so-called Muslim brothers, such as Iraq and Iran in the 1980s, and more recently between the differing sects of Islam, namely Shia and Sunni, within modern Iraq.

The origins of these people and the determinations of what is to happen to them is dealt with in the other papers in the series dealing with those countries. Much of the conflict is between sons of Shem and between Elam and Ishmael and Keturah as well as Judah. Iran is dealt with in Sons of Shem: Part I (No. 212A) and in the papers concerning the coming of the Messiah and also World War III.

On the Middle East question, it is worth reading what Rabbi Sacks wrote in The Times (London) of 7 September 2001 regarding the permanent and often violent friction between the Jews and the sons of Ishmael, all descendants of the Patriarch Abraham:

We are both the same race, both Semites. It is purely a political matter. We have to co-exist. Islam is closer to Jewry than Christianity. If Jews and Christians can live together, there’s no reason why Jews and Muslims can’t. Israel is not going to go away. Palestine is not going to go away. And shared tears do bring people closer together. Jews are not optimists, but we never give up hope for Israel.

Professor Sacks said in a subsequent article:

It is not that religion is intolerant. Rather, we must learn the hard way that religion must never have recourse to power.

Nowhere is this told more dramatically than in the story of Elijah. He had come to the mountain fresh from a decisive and bloody victory over the prophets of Baal. God asked him, “What are you doing here, Elijah?” The prophet replied, “I have been very zealous for Your sake.” He then witnessed a whirlwind, an earthquake and a fire. But “the Lord was not in” the wind or the earthquake or the fire. Then came the “still small voice” that was the voice of God.

The zealot believes that God is power. That is why zealots must learn. whether through a vision or a tragedy of history, that God lives in the still small voice of reason, compassion and peace (The Times, 20 April 2002).

Words of wisdom, and therefore almost certainly bound not to be heeded in this age at least (and without divine help) for “the way of peace they know not” (Isa. 59:8), as evidenced by man’s entire history, not just that of the chronically troubled Middle East.

However, when Christ gets here he most certainly will take power and enforce a religion and one that is not kept on this planet at present except for a very few people who are persecuted for that faith.

It may seem to many that the Jews remain insular and aloof, if not arrogant, and that they thereby invite persecution upon themselves. Under the headline “The Burning Question”, the Russian author and dissident Alexander Solzhenitsyn said that the Jews were unique in never assimilating with another nation in 2,000 years of history, adding that this was their most striking and admirable characteristic (The Times, 20 June 2001). It is certain that God arranged the separateness of the Jews that way for a number of reasons; however, it has also allowed them to be singled out from much of the rest of the population, as on the occasions mentioned.

However, they have absorbed a number of people and their diverse DNA structure proves that fact.

The fact is that only very few people are actual Jews of those claiming Judaism and when they cease to practise the religion they are simply Gentiles within Judah claiming protection under the Laws of God.

The Holocaust

Many secular Jews today consider themselves either atheistic or agnostic. Those in the State of Israel take the view that their country has survived for nearly 60 years in a supremely hostile environment due to their own efforts and a particularly effective military force; in other words, by a not-unjustified pride in their own power, but without acknowledging God’s undoubted help and protection during their many battles for survival.

This is a rather dangerous position to take, as even the Gentile Assyrians were to discover (Isa. 10:12ff.). They were punished by God for exalting themselves and their own abilities without reference to their Creator and the fact that they were merely a tool in His hands. At any time, God may choose to remove His protection from individuals or from a nation, including the State of Israel, because of an arrogant attitude on their part.

The secular Jewish rejection of the God of their fathers is perhaps understandable considering the number of deaths in the concentration camps both immediately before and during the Second World War in Europe. Many faithful Torah-observant Jews in those camps prayed to God for deliverance and even marched into the crematoria praising Him; many asked where God was at a time like that and how He could allow them to suffer as horrifically as they did if they were His chosen people. As a result of what they’d witnessed, many who survived these death camps simply deserted their faith altogether.

Judah and his brothers sold their half-brother Joseph into slavery in ca.1727 BCE. About 3664 years later, Judah itself was sent into captivity in the Third Reich and brother Joseph (basically modern America and the British Commonwealth) was instrumental in rescuing their remnant from the death camps. For more information, see the Holocaust Revealed website at:

http://www.ccg.org/_domain/holocaustrevealed.org

The Jews had been sent like lambs to the slaughter, to be ‘holocausted’ in their millions in the crematoria like so many animals of the burnt offering (cf. Lev. 1:13) which, although an unfortunate analogy, is nevertheless fitting. The Jewish adults and children were literally made to pass through the fire, as their forebears had unwisely done with their own children during the worship of pagan gods centuries earlier (2Chr. 28:3). In order not to compare these more recent events with the burnt offerings of the sacrifices, the term Holocaust is not used in some modern Hebrew texts; instead, it is often referred to as the Shoah or Calamity.

Rabbi Kushner had this to say on the subject:

It is nearly impossible for non-Jews to appreciate the meaning of the scar that the Holocaust, and the centuries of persecution leading up to it, have left in the Jewish soul. I don’t know of any other people that wakes up virtually on a daily basis wondering if the world will let them live. … But after the Nazi experience, Jews understand that no matter how economically successful or socially integrated we are, we can never feel totally secure. …

This, I suspect, is why so many of us react so defensively when Israel is criticized: because we are always afraid that criticism will lead to a withdrawal of approval of Israel’s right to exist at all … It is not hypersensitivity on our part to notice that no other country is called on continually to justify its right to exist. (Does anyone call for the dismantling of Pakistan and giving the land back to the tens of millions of Hindus who were displaced when a Moslem state was created there in 1947?) (op. cit., pp. 247-9).

Earlier in his book Rabbi Kushner dealt with the age-old question, Why does God permit evil?

Sometimes bad things happen to good people because laws of Nature can’t tell a good person from a bad one, and sometimes they happen because God will not interfere to take away our human freedom, no matter how destructively we intend to use it.

Even something as monstrous as the Holocaust comes to be seen as Man’s doing, not God’s. “Why did God let it happen?” Because God determined at the outset that He would not compromise our human freedom to choose between good and evil, no matter how atrociously we misused it. If we didn’t learn from history, from experience, from the voice of conscience, we would go on hurting and killing each other. ‘Couldn’t God have made an exception to that rule in this one case, to save so many millions of lives?’ … would that mean He should also have intervened to stop Stalin and Pol Pot from killing millions of people in Russia and Cambodia? … on what grounds would God suspend the rules in one case and not in others? For me, the Holocaust is not a theological issue: “Why didn’t God stop it?” For me, it is a psychological issue: “How could human beings have so grossly misused their freedom to decide how to treat each other?” It does not challenge my faith in God. If anything, it makes it harder for me to believe in man without God (ibid., pp. 162-3; emphasis added).

Hence, despite the understandably horrific memories and intense grief engendered by the Holocaust (or Calamity), there are those who demonstrate a certain dignity in being able to be more understanding, if not forgiving, about this most unpleasant episode in Jewish history.

God’s displeasure with Judah

While R. Kushner and others may not blame God, the chronic persecution of the Jews and the Holocaust itself may actually have been direct punishment from God (for, at the very least, He did allow it to happen). However, this should not be construed as His hatred for or abandonment of the Jewish people. Quite the contrary, in fact, as God says through His prophets and in the Writings that He chastens those whom He loves, as any loving parent chastises his son for the son’s ultimate benefit, irrespective of how harsh that punishment may appear at the time.

To quote the words that Jesus Christ gave to the angel assigned to the Church at Ephesus in Asia Minor, “Nevertheless, I have somewhat against you, because you have left your first love” (Rev. 2:4). He could just as easily be speaking to Judah or the Jews today, as they also have left their first love – Eloah, the One True God –

and have suffered for it.

God is clear that He doesn’t only want our ‘hands’, i.e. merely following the letter of the Law as many adherents to Judaism do. More importantly, He requires our ‘hearts and minds’ as exemplified by adherence to the spirit of the Law. Among the called of God, the Holy Spirit is presently conducting ‘a campaign to win hearts and minds’, with far greater meaning than the present clichéd military term. However, it won’t do so by loud insistence. We are told rather that it will be as a still, small voice behind us saying, “This is the way; walk you in it” (Isa. 30:21).

For all Judah, Yom Kippur, the holiest day of the year, should have been a time for reflection and re-evaluation along with Godly repentance. However, this fast wasn’t actually being observed on the correct day according to the original Temple calendar anyway. (See the papers God's Calendar (No. 156) and The New Moons (No. 125).) The correct days for worship do seem to matter to God and His Messiah, and there are definite consequences for devising one’s own agenda, as King Jeroboam of Israel was to discover when he commissioned a festival one month later than the God-ordained Feast of Tabernacles; his whole house or heritage was later cut off (see 1Kgs. 12:32-33 and 13:33-34).

Maybe as a result of the postponements of His ordained Holy Days and Sabbaths and non-observance of the New Moons for centuries past, God has postponed the deliverance and salvation of Judah … until these Last Days, when He will once again have mercy upon them.

When God tells us to keep the Sabbath holy, which includes not speaking idle gossip, He means just that. It’s not a matter of simply observing the Sabbath as a duty or weekly ritual; instead, it is the spirit in which it is kept that most pleases God, as He says quite plainly.

Isaiah 58:13-14 "If you turn back your foot from the sabbath, from doing your pleasure on my holy day, and call the sabbath a delight and the holy day of the LORD honorable; if you honor it, not going your own ways, or seeking your own pleasure, or talking idly; ¹⁴ then you shall take delight in the LORD, and I will make you ride upon the heights of the earth; I will feed you with the heritage of Jacob your father, for the mouth of the LORD has spoken." (RSV)

Neither does He want people exchanging financial advice and business ideas on the Sabbath like modern-day equivalents of the money-changers in the Temple. That task can be done on any other day of the week. Jesus, or Yehoshua ben Yoseph, adhered to this injunction when he forcibly drove the money-changers and other Sabbath-breakers from the Temple precinct (Jn. 2:13-17). The same could apply in many Synagogues today where a good deal of worldly business is conducted on the Sabbath.

The Qur’an also forbids trading on the Sabbath yet on both Friday and Sabbath on the Temple Mount to this very day money-changers charge people access to the Al Aksah mosque in direct violation of the Koran and the Scriptures.

The undoubted money-making ability of the Jews today was evident much earlier in their history, when the Patriarch Judah suggested to his brothers that they sell Joseph into captivity rather than kill him (Gen. 37:26-28). It may have been to save Joseph’s life, however, financial gain seems to have played a large part in Judah’s motivation and thinking … and perhaps still does, although they are far from alone in that in today’s world, where materialism and love of money hold unprecedented sway. Through His prophets, God promises that our idols of silver and gold –the riches and possessions that have become our little gods – will be thrown to the bats and moles at the culmination of this age, when they are finally recognised as being of so little real value (Isa. 2:20).

Jesus, or Yehoshua, had a great deal to say on the subject of money and riches.

Matthew 6:24 "No one can serve two masters; for either he will hate the one and love the other, or he will be devoted to the one and despise the other. You cannot serve God and mammon. (RSV)

Mark 10:17-25 And as he was setting out on his journey, a man ran up and knelt before him, and asked him, "Good Teacher [didaskalos, SGD 1320; or Rabbi], what must I do to inherit eternal life?" ¹⁸ And Jesus said to him, "Why do you call me good? No one is good but God alone. ¹⁹ You know the commandments: 'Do not kill, Do not commit adultery, Do not steal, Do not bear false witness, Do not defraud, Honor your father and mother.'" ²⁰ And he said to him, "Teacher, all these I have observed from my youth." ²¹ And Jesus looking upon him loved him, and said to him, "You lack one thing; go, sell what you have, and give to the poor, and you will have treasure in heaven; and come, follow me." ²² At that saying his countenance fell, and he went away sorrowful; for he had great possessions. ²³ And Jesus looked around and said to his disciples, "How hard it will be for those who have riches to enter the kingdom of God!" ²⁴ And the disciples were amazed at his words. But Jesus said to them again, "Children, how hard it is to enter the kingdom of God! ²⁵ It is easier for a camel to go through the eye of a needle than for a rich man to enter the kingdom of God." (RSV)

Rabbi Saul/Paul of Tarsus, who apparently studied under Gamaliel the Elder, was also certain that love of money was a primary cause of people separating themselves from God and forsaking their Faith.

1Timothy 6:6-11 There is great gain in godliness with contentment; ⁷ for we brought nothing into the world, and we cannot take anything out of the world; ⁸ but if we have food and clothing, with these we shall be content. ⁹ But those who desire to be rich fall into temptation, into a snare, into many senseless and hurtful desires that plunge men into ruin and destruction. ¹⁰ For the love of money is the root of all evils; it is through this craving that some have wandered away from the faith and pierced their hearts with many pangs. ¹¹ But as for you, man of God, shun all this; aim at righteousness, godliness, faith, love, steadfastness, gentleness. (RSV)

Similarly, the pseudepigraphical work called The Testaments of the Twelve Patriarchs (R.H. Charles, SPCK, London, 1917; translated from Armenian), which was supposedly written in the second century BCE and was therefore contemporary with the Dead Sea Scrolls, contains some incisive observations and warnings. The Testaments are based upon the supposed deathbed comments of the sons of Jacob to their children. Of particular relevance here are those made by the Patriarch Judah, the fourth son of Jacob and his first wife Leah. (Known interpolations have been removed from the text.)

XVII. And now I command you, my children, not to love money, nor to gaze upon the beauty of women; because for the sake of money and beauty I was led astray to Bathshua the Canaanite.

XVIII. 2. Beware, therefore, my children, of fornication, and the love of money, and hearken to Judah your father.

3. For these things withdraw you from the law of God,

And blind the inclination of the soul,

And teach arrogance,

And suffer not a man to have compassion upon his neighbour.

4. They rob his soul of all goodness,

And oppress him with toils and troubles,

And devour his flesh.

5 And he hindereth the sacrifices of God;

He hearkeneth not to a prophet when he speaketh,

And resenteth the words of godliness.

XIX. My children, the love of money leadeth to idolatry; because, when led astray through money, men name as gods those who are not gods, and it causeth him who hath it to fall into madness. 2. For the sake of money I lost my children, and had not my repentance, and the prayers of my father been accepted, I should have died childless. 3. But the God of my fathers had mercy on me, because I did it in ignorance. 4. And the prince of deceit blinded me, and I sinned as a man and as flesh, being corrupted through sins.

XXVI. Observe, therefore, my children, all the law of the Lord, for there is hope for all them who hold fast unto His ways.

There is an obvious theme here, and the writer of the Book of Ecclesiastes had this to say on the same subject:

Ecclesiastes 5:10 He who loves money will not be satisfied with money; nor he who loves wealth, with gain: this also is vanity. (RSV)

However, Rabbi Kushner then ties this issue to the perennial problem of latent anti-Semitism often arising from envy.

If some Jews are loud and aggressive or guilty of unethical business practices (as are lots of gentiles), one is entitled to dislike them as individuals but has no right to extend that dislike to innocent members of the larger group. Antisemitism, like all racial and religious prejudice, is a sign that something is wrong with the hater, not with his victim (op. cit., p. 262).

Jewish advocacy

The Patriarch Judah showed great compassion and impressive verbal skills as the advocate for his half-brother Benjamin (Gen. 44:16-34), so much so that he melted Joseph’s heart in Egypt. Judah nobly took upon himself the role of protector, and his Christ-like act of intercession on behalf of his brother probably bound the two so closely that, at the break-up of the Kingdom following Solomon’s death, Benjamin became allied with Judah (along with half the tribe of Levi) rather than with his full-brother Joseph’s tribe. It was obviously God’s doing as part of His unfolding plan.

This arrangement had been ratified and given permanence earlier by David (of Judah) and King Saul’s son Jonathan (of Benjamin), as recorded in 1Samuel 20:42. The name Benjamin means son of the right hand, so it seems he and his descendants were always destined to be the right-hand man of Judah. It is ironic that they were predominantly left handed-people and were almost destroyed for their perversity. The right also means the South, as the ‘front’ is always facing the East in Hebrew. It is interesting that the royal city of Jerusalem was apparently located within the historical boundary of the tribe of Benjamin rather than Judah, as might be expected. Also, Joseph may have had the primacy in Egypt, but it seems Judah is to have the ascendancy in Jerusalem (metaphorically referred to as Egypt).

Justice must be done and done correctly and the perversion of justice by Judah or the other tribes will be punished, in the same way the Talmud perverts the Laws of God and will be destroyed.

The basic purpose of advocacy was supposed to be the defence of the innocent and needy (Ps. 82:2-4) or to try and mitigate the sentence of a guilty person; it was assuredly not to get the guilty off on a legal technicality. It is not incumbent upon any lawyer to search out and exploit legal loopholes or defend the indefensible, to the detriment of a nation’s system of justice and of the society in general. That sort of unethical behaviour, by deliberately flouting the spirit of the law, will be punished by God in the Last Days. He says He hates injustice and the perversion of the justice system (cf. Job 8:3; 36:17). In order to be most effective, justice must also be swift and the truly guilty punished as a warning to others. The Torah is quite specific on the need for true justice for all people.

Exodus 23:6-8 "You shall not pervert the justice due to your poor in his suit. ⁷Keep far from a false charge, and do not slay the innocent and righteous, for I will not acquit the wicked. ⁸And you shall take no bribe, for a bribe blinds the officials, and subverts the cause of those who are in the right. (RSV)

The prophet Isaiah was aware of the situation in his time and foresaw the same thing happening in these Last Days, in line with the dual application of much of Scripture.

Isaiah 59:4 No one enters suit justly, no one goes to law honestly; they rely on empty pleas, they speak lies, they conceive mischief and bring forth iniquity. (RSV)

It would appear that truth, justice and equitable treatment are extremely important to God as such requirements of the leaders and the people are mentioned often enough in Scripture (e.g. Jer. 23:5; Ezek. 45:9).

Proverbs 21:3 To do justice and judgment is more acceptable to the LORD than sacrifice.

For without justice (tsedek, SHD 6664) there can be no righteousness (tsedek), and vice versa. And as the writer of Ecclesiastes warns and the prophet Isaiah enjoins:

Ecclesiastes 5:8 If you see in a province the poor oppressed and justice and right violently taken away, do not be amazed at the matter; for the high official is watched by a higher, and there are yet higher ones over them. (RSV)

Isaiah 56:1-2 Thus says the LORD: "Keep justice, and do righteousness, for soon my salvation will come, and my deliverance be revealed. ² Blessed is the man who does this, and the son of man who holds it fast, who keeps the sabbath, not profaning it, and keeps his hand from doing any evil." (RSV)

Again, justice and righteousness here are synonymous and interchangeable.

Torah observance

It appears that Judah or Levi was assigned to be God’s scribes or lawgivers (chaqaq, SHD 2710). Some Kenites also had this task. Scribes have been referred to as Sopherim (from saphar, SHD 5608) since Ezra’s time, and were given the task of faithfully preserving Scripture down through the centuries (Pss. 60:7 and 108:8). It is recorded that the Jews and Levites were appointed custodians of the Oracles of God from the beginning (Rom. 3:1-2), however, that was only until the death of Messiah and the formation of the Churches of God from the Apostles onwards (see the paper The Oracles of God (No. 184).

It was perhaps the Jews’ and Levites’ natural abilities, with their dedication and thoroughness, which particularly fitted them for the task of transcribing the holy texts. By tradition, a detailed and reverent ritual for copying the Scriptures was required, whereby each letter was considered holy in itself, so no adjoining letters were permitted to touch; each word was to be read aloud from an original version of the text; and every letter and word were counted to ensure that none had been added or omitted, in accordance with the injunction in the Torah (Deut. 4:2).

Christians naturally owe a huge debt of gratitude to the Scribes for faithfully copying and preserving the Hebrew Scriptures (the Tanakh) for hundreds of years, so that, at the appropriate time, they might be translated into all the languages of the world, as is still being done today. They did, however, take liberties with the Scriptures but preserved those texts for a permanent record and which we know today (see for example The Companion Bible notes to the texts).

In addition, the rest of Israel seemed more inclined to water down the Laws of God, until finally deciding that these Laws had been done away with altogether and that we are solely under “grace” within the new Christian dispensation. It seems pseudo-Christianity is in such a rush to disassociate itself from everything Jewish and the Jews (even until fairly recently known as “Christ-killers”), they have forgotten that the majority of first-generation Christians were Jews or Hebrews of all twelve tribes of Israel, located both within Judaea and in the Diaspora, and who didn’t suddenly give up their keeping of Torah when they became baptised Christians. They continued to worship in their local Synagogues, although many were later expelled as Jesus/Yehoshua said they would be (Jn. 16:2; cf. also Jn. 9:22), perhaps for mentioning the “heresy” that the long-awaited Messiah of their liberation had already appeared, yet had been ignominiously killed. It wasn’t the sort of information that many people wanted to know (see Acts chap. 7).

In Acts 24, Paul stated unequivocally before the Roman governor Felix and many eminent Jews that he still observed the Law.

Acts 24:14 But this I admit to you, that according to the Way, which they call a sect [heresy: KJV], I worship the God of our fathers, believing everything laid down by the law or written in the prophets. (RSV)

It simply wasn’t a case of Paul believing everything in the Law but then not acting upon that belief. Quite the opposite in fact, and his statement here refutes the antinomian opinion that Paul denigrated the Law in his numerous other epistles.

In contrast to the pseudo-Christians’ willingness within just a few centuries to abrogate the Law, Judah often went to the other extreme. They had a tendency to introduce more and more man-made ordinances and restrictions, albeit with noble intent, perhaps, claiming these were part of the Oral Law given to Moses. Certain strands of Judaism also saw the need to put a fence around the Laws of God as shown, for example, by their 39 Sabbath prohibitions, few of which bear any resemblance to the original injunctions regarding the Sabbath in the Torah as given directly by the Angel of the Covenant (who became the Messiah).

Geza Vermes, in his book The Religion of Jesus the Jew (SCN Press, London, 1993), had this to say about the prohibitions.

“We have to wait until the Book of Jubilees (50.6-9) in mid-second century BC, and the statutes of the Damascus Document (10.14-12.6) half a century later, before encountering the first attempts at systematization, and until the relevant section of the Mishnah (Shab. 7.2) before receiving a detailed list of thirty-nine classes of proscribed action.” (fn. p.12)

The Mishnah was compiled about 200 CE, long after the fall of the Temple. Hence it was long after the written Torah was produced that this so-called Oral Law was codified. This making of laws more binding and unnecessarily burdensome was what Yehoshua condemned (cf. Mat. 23:1ff.). He obviously recognised the difference between the Laws he had given to Moses and those added afterwards by over-zealous, and often hypocritical, religious types.

R. Kushner gave the Jewish perspective on God’s Law or Torah and why it is still binding upon all who claim to love God and act as His servants today.

“We learn two lessons from the stories we tell about ourselves: that God loves us and that God needs us.

God shows His love for us by reaching down to bridge the immense gap between Him and us. He shows His love for us by inviting us to enter into a Covenant with Him, and by sharing with us His precious Torah. The idea that giving us laws is a sign of God’s love is one of the fundamental theological differences between Judaism and [mainstream] Christianity. … Laws are seen [by the latter] as the instrument of a harsh, restrictive, punishing God, and need to be superseded by the rule of love and forgiveness. Judaism – while admiring love and forgiveness … – sees the role of the Law totally differently. In our view, a loving parent does not show his or her love by telling a child, “Do whatever you want, and I will still love you.” That is not love but an abdication of responsibility. … Jews have understood from the beginning that ours was a religion of love because it did not leave us to find our way through life unaided. It offered advice, insight, and guidelines.” (op. cit., pp. 47-8)

He goes on to share a few thoughts that should be noted by the antinomian Christians in particular.

We tend to think of laws as restricting our freedom. … But Judaism insists that living by God’s laws is a matter not only of obedience, but of a more important kind of freedom.

It may seem strange to speak of the Torah, with its myriad regulations and prohibitions, as a source of freedom. … The freedom the Law offers is the freedom of the athlete who disciplines his body so that he is free to do things physically that you and I are incapable of. It is the freedom of being the master of appetite rather than its slave. … The freedom the Torah offers us is the freedom to say no to appetite. …

The Law does not make us sinners. The Law tries to make us strong enough to resist the many temptations to sin to which the human b

PO Box 369, WODEN ACT 2606, AUSTRALIA

Introduction