Christian Churches of God
[F043]
Insiguro kuri Yohana:
Intangamarara n’Igice ca 1
(Canditswe 1.0 20220812-20220812)
Insiguro ku Bigabane vya 1-4.
Christian Churches of God
Courriel :
secretary@ccg.org
(Copyright
ã
2022 Wade Cox)
(Tr. 2023)
Izi nyigisho zishobora gukopororwa no
gukwiragizwa k’ubuntu atakiguzi gisabwe mu gihe
atacongeweko canke atagikuwemwo muri rusangi.
Izina ry’Umwanditsi co kimwe n’ibimuranga hamwe
n’uburenganzira bw’umwanditsi bisaba
kugumizwamwo. Nta kiguzi gisabwa kuri uwo wese
ahawe amakopi. Amajambo magufi arashobora
kwandikwa mu gusobanura neza no kuyasubiramwo
neza mu gihe bitononye uburenganzira
bw’umwanditsi.
Iki cigwa turagisanga no ku buhinga
ngurukanabumenyi kuri :
http://logon.org/
na
http://ccg.org/
Insiguro
kuri Yohana, Intangamarara n’Igice ca 1 [F043]
Imvugo
y’inyandiko za kino gihe irondera kugabanya akamaro, ikibanza n’igihe
ubu Butumwa Bwiza bwa Kane bwandikiwemwo. Bamwe mbere
baragerageje gutandukanya Yohana mwene Zebedayo na Yohana w’i
Efeso. Inkuru zimwe zibugira ubwa kane, ariko inyandiko z’iminwe
za kera (MSS) nk’izitwa Codex Bezae (D) n’izitwa Washington
Codex (W) zishira ubu Butumwa Bwiza bubiri, Matayo na Yohana,
ubwa mbere, hagakurikira Mariko na Luka. Ukugene Ubutumwa Bwiza
bukurikirana turabisanga mu Nsiguro k’Ubutumwa Bwiza bwa Matayo
(F040i)
no mw’Ivugururwa rya Mariko (F041)
na Luka (F042)
bikaba vyanditswe na Petero na Paulo bakurikirana, mu
ntangamarara z’Ubutumwa Bwiza.
Dufatiye ku cigwa
F040i
: "Imvugo
ya kera yerekeye Ubutumwa Bwiza ivuga ko Matayo bwoba ari bwo
bwa mbere ishingiye kuvyavuzwe na Papius (ikinjana ca II),
bikavugwa n’uwitwa Eusèbe (Histoire de l’Église. III,
39.16). Vyaravuzwe ko Matayo yari yanditse mu giheburayo kandi
imvugo yakoreshwa kuvyo yanditse yari yitwa logion canke
ubuhanuzi. Ubutumwa Bwiza bwa Matayo bwarakoreshejwe na bamwe,
nk’aba Ébionites, mu buryo bwihariye, bikaba vyaratumye haba
amakosa mu vyo bizera.
Papius ubwiwe, mu vyo yanditse, bivugwa na Eusèbe, bishira
Ubutumwa Bwiza bwa Mariko imbere y’ubwa Matayo kandi
biranebagurwa/birirengagizwa n’abanyabwenge, Ibikomeye (ibid)
tubisanga ku rupapuro rwa 303, col. 2.
Uku kwihenda kwarashikiye na Augustin maze kwinjira no mu
mashengero.
Turabona ibindi vyemezo kuvy’urutonde rw’ubutumwa bwiza mu
vyegeranijwe mu cibutso c’imva c’ahitwa Galla Placidia inyuma
y’urusengero rwitwa San Vitale rw’i Ravenne. Uwahahambwe yari
mushiki w’Umwami w’Abami Honorius, yatwara mu Burengero. Yakunda
gutembera cane ariko apfa gato imbere y’uko yubakirwa icibutso
ciwe. Igenekerezo vyegeranirijweko ryari circa. 440 IC. Ivyo
vyegeranijwe vyiswe (mosaïque) ni ububiko bw’ibitabo bwa kera
bw’amafokwe. Ubwo bubiko bwerekana Ubutumwa bwiza gutya :
Marcus Lucas
Matteus Ioannes
Ivyo vyakozwe inyuma y’ikinjana habaye inama y’ahitwa Nicée, mu
mwaka wa 325 IC, neza na neza inyuma y’imyaka icenda habaye
inama y’i Efeso, mu mwaka wa 431 IC. Ubwo bubiko buza imbere
gato y’iyemezwa y’ivya Augustin bishingiye ku gikorwa ca Papius,
birengagije ivyo Papius avuga kuri Mariko ubwa mbere.
Yagereranya ko Matayo aza ubwa mbere, hama Mariko agakurikira,
hama Luka na Yohana. Ukuri n’uko Mariko yitangiye imbere ya
Matayo maze Matayo akandika afatiye ku vyo Mariko yanditse kandi
yanditse mu giheburayo, ari navyo vyarungitswe muri Aziya maze
bisobanurwa mu kigiriki, mu ki arameyene munyuma naho mu carabu.
Ubutumwa Bwiza bwiwe yagiye abujanye mu Buhindi agiye
gutanguzayo ishengero (cf.
122D).
Izindi ntonde zirahari kuvyandikishijwe intoke vyerekana izindi
ntonde nk’uko amazina y’intumwa aza imbere, nk’uko tubibona mu
rutonde gwa Clermont ruva muri Egiputa circa. Umwaka wa 300 IC,
n’uru : Matayo, Yohana, Mariko, Luka, canke urutonde gwa
Cheltenham gwatowe na Mommsen mu mwaka wa 1885, kenshi gwitwa
urutonde gwa Mommsen, ruva muri Afirika y’Uburaruko circa.
Umwaka wa 360 IC."
Izindi ndanzi tuzisanga mu cigwa (F040i).
Indanzi ya kera cane ku nyandiko za Yohana bivugwa ko iva mu
bimanyu vya papyrus yo muri egiputa vyerekanywe na C.H. Roberts
mu mwaka wa 1934. Yavumbuye ico kimanyu cariko inyandiko zo muri
Yohana 18:31-33 inyuma naho hari Yohana 18:37-38. Bapimye ico
kimanyu vyatumye babona ko igihe candikwa hari hagati y’umwaka
wa 125 na 130 IC. Izi nyandiko nizo zerekana neza ko Yohana
yanditswe imbere y’umwaka wa 125 kandi zari zizwi neza muri
Egiputa ico gihe. Iryo vumburwa, riremezwa, ko Ubutumwa Bwiza
bwa Yohana bwanditswe imbere y’umwaka wa 125 IC kandi birahari
muri Egiputa kandi birakoreshwa nk’isoko ry’inkuru z’imbere
y’umwaka wa 125 IC. Ivyo kandi birerekana ko bwanditswe imbere
y’Ivyahishuwe. A. Remmers yanditse ati : "Iyi
papyrus yabitswe i Manchester mu bubiko bw’ibitabo bwa John
Ryland ikaba ifise indanzi ya P52. [1]"
Imvugo, igihe n’insobanuro
Clément w’ahitwa Alexandrie avuga ko "Yohana yanditse ubutumwa
bw’impwemu" (Eusèbe, Hist. eccl. 6.14.7). Kuva ico gihe,
abasomyi baciye batangura kufata ko ubwo Butumwa Bwiza atari
inkuru nk’uko Ubundi Butumwa Bwiza buri. Ariko ibi ntabwo ari
ukuri. Ariko ahenshi muri Yohana hafatwa nk’ahasa nk’uko ari
inkuru zerekeye Yesu gusumba ibindi vyanditswe. Iz’agaciro cane
zerekeye nk’akarorero ikiringo c’ivugabutumwa ryiwe : mu
nyandiko za Yohana, Yesu yakoze ivugabutumwa nk’ikiringo
c’imyaka ibiri n’inusu, ariko mu bundi butumwa bwiza bo berekana
umwaka umwe. Muri Yohana, tubona Yesu yagiye mu misi mikuru
myinshi i Yerusalemu, harimwo imisi mikuru ya Pasika itatu (2:13
; 6:4 ; 11:55). Ivugabutumwa nyaryo ry’imyaka myinshi aha ni ryo
ry’ukuri. Ubutumwa Bwiza bwose buhuriza hamwe mu kuvuga inkuru
y’iryo vugabutumwa. Ubutumwa Bwiza bwose burafise intumbero
yabwo. Yohana yitwararitse cane gusigura ibikorwa n’intumbero
y’ukwihindura umuntu kwa Yesu. Ni vyiza gutahura
Ikimenyetso ca Yona
mu gikorwa ca Yohana n’ica Kristo nk’uko dushobora kubibona mu
cigwa
Insiguro
kuri Yona (F032)
n’ikindi kandi
Ikimenyetso
ca Yona n’Inkuru y’Isubirakwubakwa ry’Urusengero (No. 013).
Ibikorwa vy’ishengero ry’i Yerusalemu inyuma y’urupfu gwa Yakobo
mu mwaka wa 63/64 IC n’ibikorwa vyabo, mu guhungira i Pella,
n’ikimenyamenya ko Ubutumwa Bwiza bwariho imbere y’ico gihe
imbere kandi y’Isamburwa ry’Urusengero mu mwaka wa 70 IC n’isano
bifitaniye n’ubuhanuzi bwo muri Daniyeli Ikigabane ca 9
n’Ikimenyetso ca Yona (F027ix)
(soma kandi
Intambara na
Roma n’Isamburwa ry’Urusengero (No. 298)).
N’ikimenyamenya ciza ku bijanye n’Ikimenyetso. Aho kuba gutyo,
abaporoti bo kuva mu kinjana ca XIV gushika mu ca XVII, banditse
iciswe Textus Receptus,
hama mu nyuma Bibiliya yitwa KJV, baritwararitse cane guhuza
ivyo vyanditswe na Daniyeli 9:24-27 (n’izindi nyandiko nyinshi
z’ikigiriki) kw’irema, n’ivugabutumwa rya Kristo, mu ntumbero yo
guhuvya, atari mu ntumbero yo gutahura Ikimenyetso ca Yona (F027ix).
Ishengero ryo mu kinjana ca mbere ryasa nk’iritahura ibiringo
vya mbere vy’Ikimenyetso ca Yona nko gushika mu mwaka wa 70/71
IC, n’aho ritatahuye
Iherahezwa
ry’Ikimenyetso ca Yona (No. 013B)
gushika ku Ntambara z’Igihe c’Iherezo.
Ubutumwa Bwiza bwa Yohana ni bwo bwonyene buvuga neza kahise ko
kuntwaro y’abaroma (11:48). Hariho ubundi budasa bwinshi
kuvyagiye biraba kandi bw’akamaro. Aho ubundi butumwa bwiza
bwivugira gusa ku vya Pasika yo mu mwaka wa 30 IC, Ubutumwa
Bwiza bwa Yohana bwo buzwi nk’ubuterekana Yesu ariko asangira
ivya Pasika n’abigishwa, nk’uko tubibona mu bundi Butumwa Bwiza.
Ivyo vyarazanye ukuzazanirwa mu Mashengero y’Imana amw’amwe yo
mu kinjana ca XX atatahura Pasika iyo ari yo yahimbajwe hisunzwe
Ikirangamisi c’Urusengero. Uretse ivyo, ingaburo ya nyuma ya
Yesu yabaye buca haba Pasika, nk’uko tubibona mi migirwa yo mu
Gusubira mu Vyagezwe 16:5-8 aha hategekanya ko ihanga rya
Isirayeli rija mu nzu y’imfatakibanza. Abizera ubutatu bahimbaza
pasika y’ikinyoma Easter/Pâques n’ikirangamisi ca ya mana
y’ingore Easter abo ntibashaka mbere no gutahura ivyabaye kuri
Pasika y’umwaka wa 30 IC, ariyo yanyuma muri Pasika zitatu
zanyuma dusanga muri ubu butumwa bwiza, n’ukuvuga imyaka ya 28,
29 na 30 IC. (Soma ivyigwa
Imyaka ya
Kristo Igihe Yabatizwa n’ikiringo c’Ivugabutumwa ryiwe (No. 019)
soma kandi
Igihe
c’Ukubambwa n’Ukuzuka (No. 159).
Mu Butumwa Bwiza bwa Yohana, tubona Yesu ari Umwagazi w’Imana
yabambwe buca haba Pasika isaha icenda, ku wa 14 Abibu, ari wo
wari umusi nyezina wo kubagirako umwagazi wa Pasika, kandi
umwagazi wa mbere wabagwa isaha icenda wahabwa Umuherezi mukuru
ukwo umwaka utashe (soma Josèphe (BJ.
Igitabo. vi,3). Tahura kandi igenekerezo rya 14 Abibu umwaka
wa 30 IC hisunzwe Ikirangamisi c’Urusengero (No.
156)
(tutaravye ikirangamisi ca Hillel gikoreshwa n’Abayuda ba kino
gihe cashizwe ahabona mu mwaka wa 358 IC gishingiye ku masubikwa
n’ibinyoma bituruka muri babuloni vyashizwemwo na Hillel mu
mwaka wa 344 IC afadikanije n’abigisha babiri bo muri babuloni.
(Soma
195
;
195B,
195C,
195D)).
Amashengero y’Imana ntiyigeze akurikiza ico kirangamisi ca
Hillel kuva kibayeho, kigashirwa ahabona mu mwaka wa 358 IC,
gushika aho abigira abayuda bagishiriye mu Mashengero y’Imana mu
myaka ya 1940, babigize n’impaka. Mu bundi Butumwa Bwiza,
Ingaburo Yera bayifata nk’aho yari ingaburo ya pasika yahinduwe
ukarisiya. Ariko yashizweho ngo wube umugirwa wa buri mwaka
nk’isakaramentu rya kabiri ry’Ishengero (Amasakaramentu
y’Ishengero (No. 150)).
Ntaho bisa bisana n’isakaramentu ry’ihosiya n’amazi (hamwe hamwe
n’umuvinyu) mu basenga izuba n’ibigirwamana bagasenga Bayari ku
wa mungu dimanche.
Mu Butumwa Bwiza bwa kane, Yesu n’ishusho y’ukwihishura kw’Imana
mw’isi nka elohim yo muri Zaburi 45:6-7 no mu Baheburayo 1:8-9 ;
co kimwe na Zaburi 110:1 (soma
No. 177
;
178).
Akamaro k’iyo mirongo yo mw’Isezerano rya Kera karirengagizwa
canke kagatiturwa n’abaminuje bo mu bizera Ubutatu (soma ibiri
mu vyigwa bikurikira
Umugambi
w’Agakiza (No. 001A)
;
Ni gute
Imana Icika Umuryango (No. 187)
;
Ukubaho
kw’Inyamo kwa Yesu Kristo (No. 243).
Yarungitswe n’Imana, kandi kumenya ivyo, no kumenya ivyo
yaremye, ni bwo Bugingo Budashira (Yohana 17:3 ;
No. 133).
Uwuzi Yesu, aba azi n’Imana (1:18 ; 14:9), kuko Yesu niyo Mana
yonyene yavyawe (monogenes
theos) nk’uko yabivuze, tubisanga muri 1:18 kandi
uwumukurikiye akitondera Ivyagezwe vy’Imana n’ukwizera
n’ugushingintahe kwa Kristo (Ivyahishuwe 12:17 ; 14:12), co
kimwe n’ibwirizwa rya Yesu ryo gukunda abandi, no kuguma mu
rukundo rw’Imana maze tukibera mu munezero ushitse (15:10).
Ivyizerwa vyisanze bihabwa ubugingo budashira kandi vyizeza
ikibanza iruhande ya Data n’Umwana (3:16 ; 8:51 ; 14:1-3). Ni co
kimwe kandi, uwutizera ntakurikize ngo yitondere Amabwirizwa
y’Imana uwo yaramaze gucirirwa urubanza (3:18). Uwutaguma muri
Yesu "aracibwa nk’ishami" ricibwa rikuma maze rigaturirwa
(15:6). Nimba abizera bahabwa ubugingo budashira m’Umuzuko
wa Mbere (No. 143A),
abanyavyaha, (abatizera ntibitondere Ivyagezwe vy’Imana
n’Ugushingintahe n’Ukwizera kwa Yesu (Ivyahishuwe 12:17 ;
14:12)) abo bazopfa. Kuko Yohana arasigura ko icaha ari ukurenga
ibwirizwa (1Yohana 3:4). Abanyavyaha bazopfira mu vyaha vyabo
(8:24). Abanyavyaha nk’uko tubibona mu Vyahishuriwe Yohana,
bazicwa n’Urupfu
gwa Kabiri (No. 143C)
ruzobaho kumpera y’Umuzuko
wa Kabiri (No. 143B)
mugihe batokwihana (Ivyahishuwe Ikigabane ca 20
F066v).
Umuntu wese yizera ko niyapfa, azoja mw’ijuru abandi bakaja mu
muriro utazima uyu ntabwo ari umukristo, kuko ukwo n’ukwizera
kw’abasenga Bayari mubasenga Izuba n’ibigirwamana (soma kandi
Justin Martyr, Dial.
LXXX biri mu cigwa
No. 143A).
Izo nyigisho za gipagani zinjiye mu bayuda biciye mu nyigisho
z’ubuzimire zaturutse ahitwa Alexandrie, kandi Yohana (na
Kristo) barazigwanya bakazita hoi Ioudaioi, "Abayuda". Kristo
yabita abiyita Abayuda atari bo (Ivyahishuwe 3:9). Ni bwo
buhanuzi bwabaye ku Banyedomu igihe ca Maccabées nko mu mwaka wa
160 IIC, kandi vyotegerejwe kuguma biba gutyo, kuva kuri Herode
n’aba Idumeyene i Yudaya, n’igihe c’Abaroma, n’igihe co gushika
mu kinjana ca V igihe c’Abarabo n’Abanyafirika yo mu Buraruko,
abafenisiya, Abanyakanani n’abo muri Egiputa, muri Espagne,
hamwe no gushika mu kinjana ca VII igihe umunya Turikiya yitwa
Khazzar Ashkenazi yinjiriye mw’idini ry’Abayuda mu mwaka wa 630
IC. Turavye kahise, Yesu n’abigishwa biwe bose bari abayuda.
Birashika bikaba bitangaje kwumva Yesu wo muri Yohana avuga ko
abana ba Aburahamu batizera ari abakomoka kuri wa mugwanizi
(8:39-44). Yohana ubwiwe yari umulewi kandi yari kuba yambaye
efodi. Ariko, mu Vyahishuriwe Yohana 3:9 harerekana amatati
ashingiye kubigize umuntu ADN-Y vya none co kimwe na kahise
(soma
No. 212E).
Abo bigira Abayuda ni bo bonona Ivyagezwe vy’Imana
n’Ikirangamisi c’Urusengero bakoresheje imigenzo yabo, kandi
n’ubu barabibandanya. Soma
Umusi
w’Uhoraho n’Imisi y’Iherezo (No. 192).
Bibiliya Nshasha Yitwa Oxford iravuga iti :
"Abanyabwenge baragwanya mbere n’ukugene aya majambo hoi
Ioudaioi asobanurwa, kuko adahurizwako n’abayuda bose.
Kuk’Ubutumwa Bwiza nabwo buratanga inyishu ya Yesu mu misozi y’i
Galilaya hamwe n’urwanko rwagumye rukura hagati mu Bayuda i
Yerusalemu, bamwe bagahitamwo "Abayuda" nk’aho ari yo nsobanuro
ya hoi Ioudaioi. Hisunzwe iragi ry’abagwanya abayuda bakomeye
muri kahise ko mu burengero, aha harabayemwo ingorane zo
gusobanura nabi zikomeye. Ibivugwa k’ukugene Ubutumwa Bwiza
bwanditswe, na cane cane mu mpera z’ikinjana ca XX, birasigura
ikoreshwa rya nabi ry’ijambo "Abayuda" nk’aho umengo
n’agakengerwe ku bizera Kristo bo mu masinagogi y’abayuda. Iyi
mvugo ishingiye kw’ikoreshwa mu Butumwa Bwiza ry’ijambo
ry’ikigiriki aposynagogos (risobanurwa, "hanze y’isinagogi").
Iri jambo rigaruka gatatu mu Butumwa Bwiza (9:22 ; 12:42 ;
16:2), ariko ntahandi riri mu nyandiko z’ikigiriki za kera.
Mur’iyi myaka ya nyuma, imvugo yo kwirukanwa mw’isinagogi niyo
yoba ibereye mu Butumwa Bwiza, kuko igereranya ko umuhezagiro
w’abayuda b’igihe c’imbere werekana umuvumo w’abigishwa ba Yesu.
Imvugo yo kwirukanwa mw’isinagogi ntiyisunga na gato ibiri mu
Butumwa Bwiza. Nk’akarorero, 12:11 havuga abagenda kuko
bavyigombeye atari kubera birukanywe. Hamwe hamwe, ijambo
"Abayuda" rirakoreshwa nk’ibisanzwe, nk’akarorero haba imisi
mikuru y’Abayuda Yesu aduga i Yerusalemu (5:1), canke Abayuda
bari baje kwa Marita na Mariya kubirura kubwa musaza wa bo
(11:19). Ico twomenya nuko Mariya na Marita, bari incuti
zidasanzwe za Yesu, zikabandanya zigenderanira n’Abayuda – kandi
na bo "ntibirukanwe mw’isinagogi". Ahandi henshi, imvugo
"Abayuda" n’imvugo yerekana umurwi wagwanya Yesu, "abatizera"
canke mbere "ab’isi". Muri rusangi, abanditse Ubutumwa Bwiza iyo
bavuze "Abayuda" nk’abansi, baba bavuga abanyabwenge
b’ivyanditswe n’abaherezi. Ariko kandi, abanyabwenge biyumvira
ko ivyiyumviro vy’uko aruko birukanywe mw’isinagogi na vyo
bishobora kuba ari vyo kugira ngo babuze abari bizeye Yesu
ntibahagaruke (soma 1Yohana 2:19). Muri iyi mvugo, bisaba ko
bitomorwa neza uko biba biri mu Butumwa Bwiza kuko usanga abantu
bariko babifata muri izi mvugo zibiri. Mu yandi majambo,
birashika abigishwa ba Yesu bakaba ari bo bikuye mw’isinagogi
yabo bivuye kw’ishavu ryavuye k’ukudahuriza ku vya Yesu.
Ivyerekeye ukwo "kwinubwa" ntaho vyerekana kubabara, ishavu
n’agahahazo mu migwi ahubwo bisa n’ivyegeranye. Imwe mu
mahangiro y’Ubutumwa Bwiza yoba yari ukwemeza n’ugukomeza
ukwizera kw’abantu, nk’umuco w’ivyo bihe bigoye (soma 20:31,
note b)."
Colleen Conway
The New Oxford
Annotated Bible avec les Apocrypha (pp. 1917-1920). Oxford
University Press. Édition Kindle.
Mukuri n’ibintu
bigoye cane kuburyo bikenewe ko harungikwa ba Bavugishwa inyuma
y’ijwi rya Dani-Efurayimu (soma 1:19 kubandanya. ; Yeremiya
4:15-27 ; (No.
044)) mu Misi y’Iherezo (soma
No. 135 ;
141D) gushika kw’Iherahezwa
ry’Ikimenyetso ca Yona (No. 013B). Kristo yavuze ko
tutazoba turaheza guhetura ibisagara vyose vya Isirayeli duhunga
igihe Umwana w’Umuntu azoseruka ku bicu (Matayo 10:23) (F040ii).
Akamaro k’Ubutumwa
Bwiza bwa Yohana gashingiye k’ukwerekana ikibanza ca Kristo
nk’Umwana w’Imana uwahawe Isirayeli nk’iragi bivuye ku Mana Imwe
y’Ukuri Eloah dusanga mu Gusubira mu Vyagezwe 32:8 (RSV pas
KJV (soma
No. 164F ;
164G)). Ubutumwa
Bwiza buravuga Kristo, ariko ntibusigura neza ikibanza ciwe mu
nyandiko za bibiliya. Yohana arerekana kandi agasigura mu
majambo ashobora gutahurika ufatiye ku Vyanditswe ubwavyo,
nk’uko Kristo abivuga, yar’umwana w’Imana (Gusubira mu Vyagezwe
32:8 ; Zaburi 45:6-7 ; 110:1 ; Abaheburayo 1:8-9) kandi
indunduro y’abantu n’uko bazoba imana elohim canke theoi, kandi
Ivyanditswe ntibishobora guhinduka (Yohana 10:34-36) (soma
Abatoranijwe nka za
Elohim (No. 001)). Ubutumwa Bwiza butangura buvuga
Ukubaho kw’Inyamo kwa
Yesu Kristo (No. 243) nka Jambo w’Imana (soma
Amajambo y’Imana (No.
184)), uwo Jambo, kandi mu mirongo cumi n’umunani ya
mbere harerekana imigenderanire ya Jambo nk’imana (elohim canke
theos) yavuga mw’izina ry’Ikiri Imana Imwe y’Ukuri, atamuntu
n’umwe yigeze ayibona, canke ngo yumve ijwi ryaYo (1:18 ; soma
kandi 1Tim. 6:16) n’Imana (Eloah ; Ha Elohim ; Ho Theos canke
Yahovih SHD 3069). Eloah ni Yo yonyene idapfa (Yohana 17:3 ;
1Tim. 6:16). Ni Elyon canke Isumba Vyose Elohim canke Imana
kandi ni yo yarungitse Yesu Kristo ; kandi kuronka
Ubugingo Budashira (No.
133)
bishingiye
k’ugutahura ivyo no kumenya iyo Mana. Ivyo bibazo ntivyigera
bivugwa, kubera ko Ubutumwa Bwiza bwa Yohana ntibushobora
gusobanurwa mu majambo y’abizera Ubutatu, kandi ntibabwigisha
neza, kiretse, kunusura, nko mu bitabo nk’icitwa Concordance
Concordant Literal New
Testament de A.E. Knoch. Tuzobivugako ni twashika ku
Kigabane ca 1. Muri Bibiliya ntahanditse canke ntahavuga
ivy’Ubutatu, butigeze bubaho imbere y’umwaka wa 381 IC i
Constantinople. Inyandiko zo muri Bibiliya yitwa KJV kuri
1Yohana 5:7 n’ikinyoma, kizwi neza mu bindi binyoma vyinshi
(soma
No. 164F).
Mw’Isezerano rya
Kera, jambo yitwa Memra
mu giheburayo. Mw’Isezerano Risha,
Memra yitwa
Logos kandi ikibanza
ciwe gisigurwa ubwa mbere muri Yohana 1:1-18. Hisunzwe inyigisho
zo mw’Isezerano rya Kera,
Umumarayika w’Uhoraho n’umwana w’Imana, nka elohim, ari na
we yahaye Ivyagezwe Mose ku musozi Sinayi bamaze kuva muri
Egiputa. Yar’umwe mu Bana b’Imana, nk’uko tubibona muri Zaburi.
Ivyo biremezwa na Stefano mw’Isezerano Risha mu Vyakozwe
n’Intumwa imbere yuko yicishwa amabuye (Ivyakozwe n’Intumwa
7:30-53) uwundi abivuga ni Paulo (muri 1Ab’i Korinto 10:1-4)
(soma Itanguriro 48:15-16 ;
Umumarayika wa YHVH (No.
024)). Ishengero ry’Ubutatu ryarageze no ku rugero rwo
gukuraho Ivyanditswe Vyera kugira ntibikoreshwe mu bitabo
vyiswe, naho vyari vyibonekeza neza. Muri make, ukwanka Ubutatu
vyahanishwa igihano co gupfa umanitswe, ndetse no kuburutwa
n’amafarasi,ibi gushika mu kinjana ca XVII. Ndetse, n’ibijanye
n’Irema na vyo vyarakuwemwo. Nk’akarorero, Ukuremwa kw’isi
ab origine kwakozwe
n’Icitwa Imana Imwe y’Ukuri, ariyo itegeka ingabo z’Abana
b’Imana kugira ngo bose babe bahari igihe c’irema imbere
y’inyenyeri zabo zo mu mutwenzi, tubisanga muri Yobu 38:4-7 ;
Imigani 30:4-5. Abana b’Imana bitwa Ingabo z’Ijuru baja imbere
y’Imana, kandi bari barimwo na Satani n’Ingabo zakororanywe na
we imbere y’uko bakororwa (Yobu 1:6 ; 2:1). Ibi birirengagizwa
n’amashengero menshi. Muri make, Bibiliya yitwa KJV yuzuyemwo
amanyanga menshi n’ukwihenda mu gusobanura bagomba kwerekana
kurema vyakozwe na Kristo, kandi bizwi ko ingabo z’ijuru elohim
zari zihari igihe c’irema nk’uko biri mu kigabane ca 1 co
mw’Itanguriro (soma kandi No.
164F,
164G).
Ico kiremwa, ari co
cabaye Kristo, carerekanwe neza ko ari yo Mana y’Ihanga rya
Isirayeli Zaburi 45:6-7 (soma Nos.
177 na
178) kandi ni
Yesu Kristo, mu Baheburayo 1:8-9. N’umwe mu bagize igugu
ry’imana elohim yotegerejwe kuba Umuherezi Mukuru w’Ingabo mu
rukurikirane gwa Melkisedeki, nk’uko tubibona mu vyigwa
Insiguro ku Baheburayo
(F058) (soma
Melkisedeki (No. 128)).
Ni yo yar’intumbero yo kwigira umuntu kwiwe mu ntumbero y’Umugambi
w’Agakiza (No. 001A).
Uhereye ku kigabane
ca 1:19, ivyanditswe vyerekana ikibanza ca Yohana Umubatizi mu
buhanuzi buvuga ikibanza ca Kristo n’ihangiro ryiwe. Hama,
gushika ku kigabane ca 12, ibihanditse bibonekana nkaho ari
igice ca mbere c’Ubutumwa Bwiza bwerekeye ikibanza ca Kristo mu
butumwa no mwihishurwa ry’ikibanza ciwe, hama mu kigabane ca
13:1, haca havuga ivy’ugupfa n’ukuzuka. Aha n’ikibazo cerekeye
ikimazi ciwe cavuzwe mu buhanuzi kikazanira agakiza ingabo zose
z’ijuru n’abantu, hamwe n’ugusubira kwa Se kwiwe kugira arindire
ko umugambi uhera. Igice ca nyuma cahishuriwe Kristo, maze
biciye kuri we, abiha Yohana mu kizinga Patimo, kugira yandike
ibijanye n’ukwo Guhishurwa [Ivyahishuriwe Yohana]. Ubwo Butumwa
Bwiza bwahishuwe imbere y’isamburwa ry’Urusengero, igihe Yohana
yagenda ubwa mbere i Efeso, aho, kubwabo, mbere hoba ari imbere,
imbere mbere y’uko bava i Yerusalemu baja i Efeso. Ntidushobora
kumenya igenekerezo nyezina vyabereyeko kiretse ni twabibwirwa
igihe co mu Muzuko wa Mbere.
Ihinyanyurwa
n’inyandiko
Nk’uko twabibonye,
ibi vyanditswe biciwemwo ibihimba bikurubikuru bibiri. Ibigabane
vyo kuva ku ca 1 gushika 12 bivuga ku mwanya Yesu yamaze mw’Isi,
aho yakora ibitangaza kugira amenyekane ku bizera. Inyuma
y’ukuzuka kwa Lazaro, yaciye aheraheza ivugabutumwa ryiwe
atangura kuvuga isaha yiwe y’ukuninahazwa (12:20-50). Mu
Kigabane ca 13:1, Yesu abwira abigishwa biwe ko isaha yo
gusubira kwa Se ishitse, ari navyo vyerekana intango y’igice ca
kabiri c’ubu Butumwa Bwiza. Ibigabane bisigaye vyerekana
ingaburo yo gusezera ya Yesu n’ukwozanya ibirenge (No.
099), umukate n’umuvinyu (No.
100), hamwe n’abigishwa, aho yariko abiteguza ukugenda
kwiwe (ibigabane 13-17), hagakurikira ugupfa n’ukuzuka
(ibigabane vya 18-20), ugusozera (ikigabane ca 21). Uretse
ahavuga ibimenyetso vya Yesu, igice ca mbere kirimwo ukwiyongera
kw’amatati hagati ya Yesu n’abamugwanya, bari kumugambi wa nyuma
wo kuzica Yesu (11:53). Iyo ngingo ikaba yatanguye inyuma
y’ukuzuka kwa Lazaro, nakwo kukaba kwerekana ugupfa n’ukuzuka
kwa Yesu. Birasa kandi n’ugusigirwa amavuta kwa Yesu i Betaniya
bigizwe na Mariya, vyerekana ugushirwa mu mva kwiwe (12:7-8).
Gutyo, ibigabane vya 11-12 igice ca mbere c’ubu Butumwa Bwiza,
cerekeye ukuza kwa Yesu mw’isi n’ivugabutumwa ryiwe, n’igice ca
kabiri, cerekeye ukuninahazwa kwiwe n’ukuduzwa kwiwe kwa Se. Ubu
Butumwa Bwiza bwuzuyemwo imico myinshi n’inyandiko zitandukanye.
Nk’akarorero, haravuga Yesu n’ibiyago yagiranye n’abantu benshi
batandukanye, n’ahandi henshi hadondora ivya Yesu n’intumbero
yiwe. Ivyo biyago vyiwe ntivyatahurwa kumwe ku bamwumva.
Nk’akarorero, ivya Nikodemu (3:1-21) umusamariyakazi (4:1-42),
aho Yesu yakoresha amajambo arimwo insobanuro zibiri, ni
nk’uturorero. Ni co kimwe kandi, n’amajambo Yesu ubwiwe
yakoresha kugira yivuge. Iyo mvugo yavyura ibibazo n’ibihari ku
bamwumva. Kristo yakoresha imvugo ngo "Ndi we", vyari
ibimenyetso (Kuvayo 3:14). Uyu Yesu wo muri Yohana mu kwivuga
yigereranya n’ibintu vyo mu buzima bwa misi yose nk’umukate
(6:35), umuco (8:12), umuryango (10:7), umwungere mwiza (10:11)
umuzabibu w’ukuri (15:1). Hamwe hamwe, iyi mvugo irakorshwa
ihinyitse. Yesu asigurira abamwumva kw’ari we zuka (11:25),
inzira, ukuri n’ubugingo (14:6). Arerekana ivyiza vyubaka
vy’umukiza. Akenshi, iyi mvugo ikoreshwa atabiboneka
bikoreshejwe (8:28,58), icumvikana cane n’irijambo "Ndiho" ryo
muri Kuvayo, aho Imana ivuga izina ryayo ikoresheje umugwa wa
mbere w’irivuga kuba (Kuvayo 3:14). Izina Yahovah (SHD 3068)
n’umuvugwa wa gatatu w’irivuga kuba risigura :
Rugiravyose. Irya
kabiri ni Yahovih (SHD 3069) abayuda barisoma nka Elohim ariko
kandi ahagera 3068 ryasomwa nka
Adonaï kandi vyatumye
haba impinduka zigera kuri 134 muri TM bigizwe n’aba Sopherim
(cf.
No. 164F). Muri
ubwo buryo, Kristo yerekana ko ari Umwana w’Imana nka Elohim
y’Isirayeli mu Gusubira mu Vyagezwe 32:8 (RSV) (soma kandi
No. 024).
Umwidondoro wa Yesu turawusanga kandi mu mvugo zo mu butumwa
bwiza zerekana ibikorwa bitangaje vya Yesu nk’ "ibimenyetso"
vy’ikibanza ciwe. Mu butumwa bwiza, ibitangaza vya Yesu
vyerekana ukuza kw’ubwami bw’Imana. Muri ubu Butumwa Bwiza bwa
Yohana, ibimenyetso vyerekana ukuninahazwa kwa Yesu maze
bigatuma abantu bamwizera. Kandi, benshi bahuriza hamwe mu
kwemeza ko agahemo gaboneka nk’imvugo yakoreshejwe cane, aho
benshi basanga bariko bamamaza ukuri kwa Yesu batabizi.
Uturorero tubiri dukomeye n’imvugo ya Kayafa ku rupfu rwa Yesu
apfira "abantu" (11:49-52), n’ikibazo ca Pilato : "Mbeg’ukuri
n’iki ?" kandi yar’imbere ya Yesu ahejeje kwivuga ko ari we Kuri
(18:38). Muri ibi vyanditswe, turabona henshi herekana ko Yesu
ariwe ari Elohim ya Isirayeli, ari we yabakuye muri Egiputa
kandi ko ari we yahaye Ivyagezwe Mose, kandi ko yari we Mesiya
yavuzwe mu buhanuzi.
UBUTUMWA BWIZA NK’UKO BWANDITSWE NA YOHANA.
Ivyanditswe na E.W. Bullinger
UKWO IGITABO CANDITSWE MURI RUSANGI.
"EH’IMANA YANYU" (Yesaya
40:9).
INTEGUZA.
Yohana 1:1-28.
UMUBATIZO : W’AMAZI.
Yohana 1:29-34.
UBWAMI.
Yohana 1:35 -
Yohana 4:54.
UMWAMI.
Yohana 7:1 -
Yohana 11:54.
UBWAMI.
Yohana 11:54 -
Yohana 18:1.
UMUBATIZO : W’UMUBABARO (URUPFU, UGUHAMBWA N’UKUZUKA).
Yohana 18:2 -
Yohana 20:31
ABASUBIRIZI.
Yohana 21:1-25.
Kw’Isezerano Risha n’urutonde gw’Ibitabo vyaho, soma
Ivyongeweko-95.
Kubudasa hagati y’ubu butumwa bwiza bune, soma Ivyongeweko-96.
K’ubumwe bw’ubu butumwa bwiza bune, soma Ivyongeweko-97.
Kucakane c’ivugabutumwa ry’Umwami, soma Ivyongeweko-119.
Ku majambo yihariye mu nyandiko za Yohana, soma amajambo 84
yanditswe mu vyongeweko.
Intumbero y’ijuru ku Butumwa Bwiza bwa Yohana n’iyo kwerekana
Umwami Yesu nk’Imana.
[Imana yahawe Isirayeli yo muri Zaburi 45:6-7 no mu Baheburayo
1:8-9 éd.]. Ni co kimenyetso c’ubudasa ntangere buri hagati
y’ubu butumwa bwiza na butatu busigaye.
Vyarabonekanye ko mu butumwa bwiza butatu bwa mbere, Umwami Yesu
yerekanwa nk’Umwami wa Isirayeli, Umushumba wa Yehova n’Umuntu
w’icitegererezo kandi ko ivyabaye, amajambo n’ibikorwa vyatowe
kuri buri butumwa bwiza, bukagira kandi ico buhuriyeko kiboneka.
Gutyo, berekana Umwami bisunze ugutungana kwiwe. Ni co
bihuriyeko, ninayo mpamvu bwitwa "huriro", kandi k’ubudasa buri
hagati yabwo, bufatiwe hamwe, n’Ubutumwa Bwiza bwa kane.
Vyobaye bitangaje iyo busa mu majambo no mu vyabaye vyose
baravye ivyerekana ubutumwa bwiza butatu bwa mbere n’ivy’ubwa
kane, aho bavuga ivy’ubumana bwiwe. Ico coteje ingorane nini.
Ubudasa bwinshi dusangamwo ntibuva ku kintu kimwe munyandiko
canke mu nyubako runaka y’umw’umwe, ariko bishingiye ukuntu
bavuga Umwami yesu ari nawe ntumbero y’Ubutumwa bwose ukwabwo.
Gutyo rero, mu nyubako y’Ubutumwa Bwiza bwa kane (tubona),
tubugereranije na butatu bwa mbere, tubona hatabaye ukugeragezwa
mu bugaragwa, canke ugusengana umubabaro mu murima. Impamvu
iraboneka neza, kuko ivyo ntivyohuje neza n’intumbero y’ubu
Butumwa Bwiza muri rusangi.
Kubw’iyo mvo nyene, aho dusanga ugukayangana kwa Yesu mu bundi
butumwa bwiza butatu bwa mbere, aha muri Yohana ntabirimwo,
kubera vyerekeye imibabaro n’ukuninahazwa kw’isi vy’Umwana
w’umuntu (Ivyongeweko 98, XVI na 149), ariko kandi muri Yohana
ukwerekanwa kw’Umwana w’Imana (Ivyongeweko 98 XV) kwerekeye
ukuninahazwa kwiwe kwo mw’ijuru n’ukw’ibihe bidashira.
Ivyabaye Yohana ahurizako n’ubundi butumwa bwiza bwa mbere
butatu n’ibintu bishika ku ndwi (Ivyongeweko-10), ni vyo vy’ibi
:
Igikorwa ca Yohana Umubatizi.
Ingaburo ya nyuma.
Asigirwa amavuta i Betaniya.
Ugupfa, n’
Ukuzuka, n’
Ibitangaza bibiri : ukugaburira abantu 5000 n’ikindi co
Kugendera ku Mazi.
Mu bundi Butumwa bwiza, ibitangaza vyitwa ukwo nyene, canke
"ibikorwa bihambaye", ariko muri Yohana vyitwa "ibimenyetso"
(soma Ivyongeweko-176), kuko ntivyanditswe kubera vyabaye ariko
ni kubw’akamaro kavyo, ariko kubw’igitigiri cavyo n’insiguro
yavyo.
Muri Yohana, ni ubuntu bw’Umwami bwerekanwa, atari ibikorwa
vyiwe; kandi ivugabutumwa ryiwe ryabereye cane i Yerusalemu n’i
Yudaya, atari i Galilaya.
Ni yo mpamvu ukuja mu misi mikuru kw’Umwami ari ikintu gikomeye
cane (Yohana
2:13-3:21
;
Yohana 5:1 ;
Yohana 7:10
;
Yohana 10:22
;
Yohana 11:55,
etc.) ; ni mu gihe ivugabutumwa ry’i Galilaya ritavuzwe cane,
nk’uko tubibona muri (Yohana
6:1 ;
Yohana 7:1 ;
Yohana 10:40).
Ubwo budasa ntibushingiye kuvyiyumviro vy’idini vyerekeye igihe
ca yohana, ariko bishingiye k’ukugene Umwami Yesu yama ari ibihe
vyose.
IVYANDITSWE K’UBUTUMWA BWIZA BWA YOHANA
Intumbero ya Mpwemu Yera kubwa Yohana, mu kuntu avuga Mesiya,
n’iyo kutubwira, twebwe n’abandi bose ati : "Eh’Imana yanyu"
[Zaburi 45:6-7 éd] ; kandi Ubumana bwiwe burerekanwa muri ubu
Butumwa Bwiza hose. Soma
Yohana 1:3,
Yohana 1:14,
Yohana 1:33,
Yohana 1:34,
Yohana 1:49 ;
Yohana 3:13,
Yohana 3:14 ;
Yohana 5:23,
Yohana 5:26 ;
Yohana 6:51,
Yohana 6:62 ;
Yohana 8:58 ;
Yohana 13:33, &c. Ibi birerekanwa guhera mu ntango gushika
mu mpera (Yohana
1:1 ;
Yohana 20:28 ;
Yohana 20:31).
Iyo ntumbero nyene n’iyo ndunduro nyene biri mu mwidondoro
w’Umwami nk’uwufise ubushobozi mva juru bw'Ukumenya vyose.
Ubwo bubasha ntibubuze no mu bundi butumwa bwiza, ariko
bubonekana cane mu butumwa bwiza bwa kane kandi bukabonekana
cane ahenshi muri bwo (soma igicapo co kurupapuro 1511 muri
Bibiliya yitwa Companion Bible).
Mur’iyo ntumbero, ukwerekanwa kw’Umwami Yesu nk’Imana vyavuzwe
mu majambo akomeye utosanga mu bundi butumwa bwiza. Hamwe hamwe
haribonekeza cane. Ariko kubijanye n’amajambo akomeye yerekana
ubu butumwa bwiza kandi tukayasanga no mu bundi butumwa bwiza,
iciza co kuyakoresha kenshi ni vyo bituma haboneka uturorero
twabonye ari naho twaronse ico tuhavugako. Ahenshi, igitigiri
c’ivyabaye ni kinini gusumba mu bundi butumwa bwiza ubufatiye
hamwe.
S’ugukoresha gusa amajambo vyerekana ako karanga k’Umwami Yesu,
ariko kuba bitari ahandi n’ikintu gikomeye cane kandi cigisha.
Muri make, co kimwe no muri Matayo na Luka Umwami Yesu aguma
yitwa "Umwami", ariko si henshi muri Mariko, aha uca usanga
hadahuye niyerekanwa ryiwe nk’Umushumba wa Yehova ; co
kimwe no muri Yohana Umwami Yesu ntiyigeze yerekanwa nk’uwusenga
Data, nk’uko biri mu bundi butumwa bwiza, ariko kenshi yasa
nk’uwumuvugisha canke nk’uwumuyagisha. Ako karanga Ubutumwa
Bwiza bwa kane, burakisangije bikaba bijanye n’intumbero yabwo.
Ahandi, isengesho ryaba ar’iryihariye nk’iry’umwami (nko
muri Matayo), kubijanye n’ububasha yahawe (Matayo
14:23 ;
Matayo 26:36,
Matayo 26:39,
Matayo 26:42,
Matayo 26:44)
; co kimwe no kubijanye n’ umushumba, kubijanye
n’ugucabugufi kwiwe (Mariko
1:35 ;
Mariko 6:46
;
Mariko 14:32,
Mariko 14:35,
Mariko 14:39)
; no kuba Umunyakaranga, kubijanye n’ukuyoborwa n’Imana umwanya
wose (Luka
3:21 ;
Luka 5:16 ;
Luka 6:12 ;
Luka 9:18,
Luka 9:28,
Luka 9:29 ;
Luka 11:1 ;
Luka 22:41,
Luka 22:46).
Gutyo, aho mu bundi butumwa bwiza butatu bwa mbere Umwami Yesu
yerekanwa nk’umuntu, nko mwisengesho ry’incuro umunani, kandi si
hamwe gusa siko biri mu butumwa bwiza bwa Yohana. Kandi imvo
irumvikana. Ikindi kandi, "atanga" ubugingo Bwiwe; atamuntu
abumwatse. Ivyo tubisanga muri
Yohana 6:50.
*****
Yohana, Ibigabane vya 1-4 (BY)
Ikigabane ca 1
1
Ubwa mbere na mbere Jambo yahoranye n’Imana, kand’uwo Jambo
yar’Imana. 2 Uwo yahoranye n’Imana ubwa mbere na
mbere. 3 Vyose vyaremwe na we, mu vyaremwe vyose nta
kintu na kimwe kitaremwe na we. 4 Muri we
harimw’ubugingo, kand’ubwo bugingo bwar’umuco w’abantu. 5 Uwo
muco wakira mu mwiza, ariko umwiza ntiwawakiriye. 6 Haje
umuntu yatumwe n’Imana izina ryiwe ni Yohana. 7 Uwo
yazanywe no kuba igishingantahe, ngw’ashingire intahe umuco,
kugira ngo bose bizere kubwiwe. 8 Uwo si we wa muco,
ariko kwar’ugushingira intahe umuco. 9 Umuco w’ukuri,
wakira umuntu wese, warik’uraza mur’iy’isi. 10 Yari
mw’isi, kand’isi yaremwe na we, arikw’isi ntiyamumenya. 11 Yaje
mu vyiwe, arikw’abiwe ntibamwakiriye. 12 Arikw’abamwakiriye
bose yabahaye ububasha bwo gucika abana b’Imana, ni bo bizeye
izina ryiwe, 13 ni bo batavyawe n’amaraso, canke
n’ukwifuza kw’umubiri, canke n’ukwifuza kw’umugabo, ariko
bavyawe n’Imana. 14 Kand’uwo jambo yihaye umubiri,
abana natwe, twitegereza ubwiza bwiwe, n’ubwiza bumeze
nk’ubw’Umwana w’ikinege ava kwa Se, yuzuye ubuntu n’ukuri.
15 Yohana amushingira intahe, arasemerera ati : Uwo ni we
navuze nti : Uwuza inyuma yanje ni we yar’uwa mbere kuri jewe,
kuko yariho ntarabaho. 16 Kukw’ibibogaboga muri we
ari vyo twahaweko twese, n’ubuntu bugerekeranye n’ubundi.
17 Kukw’ivyagezwe vyazanywe na Mose, ubuntu n’ukuri
vyazanywe na Yesu Kristo. 18 Nta muntu yigeze kubona
Imana na rimwe; Umwana w’ikinege aba mu gikiriza ca Se ni we
yayimenyekanishije. 19 Uku ni kwo gushinga intahe kwa
Yohana, ah’Abayuda bamutumakw’abaherezi n’Abalewi bavuye i
Yerusalemu, ngo bamubaze bati : Uri nde ? 20 Na we
aravyatura, ntiyahisha ukuri, aravyatura ati : Si jewe Kristo.
21 Baramubaza bati : None se bimeze bite? Uri Eliya?
Ati : Sindi we. Bati : Uri wa muntu avugishwa n’Imana? Ati :
Oya. 22 Baramubaza bati : None uri nde, ngo tuje
kwishura abadutumye? Kuri wewe wivuga ute ? 23 Ati :
Nd’ijwi ry’uwusemerera mu bugaragwa ati : Ni mugorore inzira
y’Uhoraho, nk’uk’uwuvugishwa n’Imana Yesaya yavuze. 24 Kand’abo
batumwe bar’Abafarisayo. 25 Baramubaza bati :
Non’ubatiriz’iki, k’utari Kristo, ntube Eliya canke wa muntu
avugishwa n’Imana ? 26 Yohana arabishura ati : Jeho
mbatiza mu mazi; hagati muri mwebwe hahagaze uwo mutazi ;
27 ni we aza inyuma yanje, kandi jewe ntibimbereye
gupfundurura akagozi k’inkweto yiwe. 28 Ivyo
vyabereye i Betaniya, hakurya ya Yorodani aho Yohana yabatiriza.
29 Bukeye bw’aho abona Yesu aza kuri we, aravuga
ati : Nguyu Umwagazi w’intama w’Imana uwukuraho icaha c’abari
mw’isi. 30 Uyo ni we navuze nti : Inyuma yanje hazoza
umuntu yar’uw’imbere kuri jewe, kuko yariho ntarabaho. 31 Nanje
sinaribwamumenye, ariko kugira ngo yerekwe Abisirayeli, ni co
catumye nanje nza mbatiza mu mazi. 32 Kandi yohana
ashinga intahe ati : Nabonye Mpwemu amanuka ava mw’ijuru asa
n’inuma, aguma kuri we. 33 Kandi jewe
sinaribwamumenye, arik’uwantumye kubatiza mu mazi, ni we
yambariye ati : Uwo uzobona Mpwemu amanuka aja kuri we,
akamugumako, ni we abatiza muri Mpwemu Yera. 34 Nanje
narabibonye, narabishingiye intahe yuk'uyo ar'Umwana w'Imana.
35 Bukeye bw’aho, Yohana yongeye guhagararana na
babiri mu bigishwa biwe ; 36 yitegereza Yesu
agendagenda, aravuga ati : Nguyu Umwagazi w’intama w’Imana.
37 Abo bigishwa babiri bumvise ukw’avuga, bakurikira Yesu.
38 Yesu akebutse, abona bamukurikiye, arababaza ati :
Murondera iki? Baramubwira bati : Rabi (risobanurwa ngo
Mwigisha), usembereye hehe ? 39 Arababwira ati : Ni
muze muharabe. Nuko baragenda, babona ah’asembereye, basibira
ah’ari uno musi, hari nk’isaha cumi. 40 Andereya
mwene nyina wa Simoni Petero, yar’umwe muri abo babiri bumvise
Yohana, bagakurikira Yesu. 41 Uyo abanza kurondera
mwene nyina Simoni, aramubwira ati : Twabonye Mesiya
(risobanurwa ngo Kristo). 42 Amujana kuri Yesu. Yesu
aramwitegereza, aramubwira ati : Uri Simoni mwene Yohana;
uzokwitwa Kefa (risobanurwa ngo Petero). 43 Bukeye
bw’aho Yesu agomba kuvayo ngw’aje i Galilaya, abona Filipo,
aramubarira ati : Nkurikira. 44 Kandi Filipo uyo, i
wabo n’i Betsayida, igisagara c’i wabo wa Andereya na Petero.
45 Filipo abona Natanayeli, aramubwira ati : Uwo Mose
yanditse mu vyagezwe, n’abavugishwa n’Imana bakamwandika,
twamubonye, ni Yesu w’i Nazareti, mwene Yosefu. 46 Natanayeli
aramubaza ati : Mbeg’i Nazareti hova iciza? Filipo aramubwira
ati : N’uze urabe. 47 Yesu abona Natanayeli aza kuri
we, amuvugako ati : Ehe Umwisirayeli vy’ukuri, atarimw’ubugunge.
48 Natanayeli aramubaza ati : Wamenyeye hehe? Yesu
aramwishura ati : Filipo ataraguhamagara, aho wari musi
y’umusukoni, nakubonye. 49 Natanayeli na we
aramwishura ati : Mwigisha, ur’Umwana w’Imana, ni wewe Mwami
w’Abisirayeli. 50 Yesu aramwishura ati : Wijejwe
n’uko nkubwiye yuko nakubonye uri musi y’umusukoni? Uzobona
ibiruta ivyo. 51 Arongera aramubwira ati : N’ukuri,
n’ukuri ndababwira yuko muzobona ijuru rikingurutse,
kand’abamarayika b’Imana baduga bamanuka ku Mwana w’umuntu.
Intumbero y’Ikigabane ca 1
vv. 1-5
Ubwa mbere na mbere Jambo yariho...
v. 1
Jambo ni Memra canke
Ijambo ry’Imana mw’Isezerano rya Kera.
Yarikumwe n’Imana –
mu kigiriki bisigura ngo
vyerekeye iyo Mana (soma la Concordance Concordant Literal
New Testament. A. E. Knoch). Jambo yar’atandukanye n’Uhoraho ari
nayo Mana Imwe y’Ukuri.
En
arche en ho logos Kai ho logos en pros ton Theon, kai theos en
ho logos.
Ubwa mbere na mbere Jambo yariho, kandi Jambo yahoranye n’Imana,
kand’uwo Jambo yari theos (imana).
Nta nteguza ihari mu kigiriki n’ukuyirondera, nk’uko abasobanuzi
bamwe bamwe babigira, bisunze ivyemezo biboneka mu kigabane ca
1:18 ; no muri Zaburi 45:6-7 ; no mu Baheburayo 1:8-9, herekana
ko Imana yahawe Isirayeli, Imana y’Aburahamu, Imana ya Isaka na
Yakobo, yari Yesu Kristo. Eloah, l'Elyon, na yo yar’Imana na we
yasenga. Kristo, nka Elohim Imana ya Isirayeli, si we yaremye
isi. Yobu 38:4-7 (Zaburi 33:6 ; Imigani 30:4-5) herekana ko ico
Kintu ari yo Mana Imwe y’Ukuri Eloah yaremye Isi kandi yatanze
itegeko ko Abana b’Imana bari kumwe n’indongozi zabo zo ku rwego
rw’Inyenyeri yo mu Mutwenzi bategerezwa kuhaba igihe yarema.
Satani n’Ingabo z’ijuru zose ni ho zari muri bo (Yobu 1:6 ;
2:1). Izo mana elohim zararungitswe ngo zisubize ubushasha isi
yo mw’Itanguriro 1:3, inyuma yaho yari yabaye
tohu na
bohu mw’Itanguriro
1:1. Imana Data siko yari yayiremye ubwa mbere. Yabikoze kugira
ibeko abantu (Yesaya 45:18). Ni co gituma Imana yarungitse abana
b’Imana aribo elohim kugira bayigire nshasha, bayobowe na Mesiya
nawe ari elohim kugira atanguze
Umugambi w’Agakiza
(No. 001A).
Mu vyo yanditse ku murongo wa 1 aho-epfo, Bullinger agerageza
gusigura ivyanditswe na Koinè akagomba gusa n’uwerekeza
k’Ubutatu. Imbere yaho, twisunze amasoko amw’amwe, yiyumvira
kimwe na Knoch mu kuvuga ko Ubutatu ar’ikinyoma kandi ko
bidasiguritse, ariko yar’ashaje kuburyo atakaryo ko gukosora
ukwo kwihenda yaronse. Ivyanditswe
mu ntango bivuga
ivyerekeye iremwa ry’Ibiboneka. Ivyanditswe ntibivuga ukubaho
ibihe bidashira kw’Abana b’Imana (soma
Ingene Imana Icika
Umuryango (No. 187)).
Ni Yo yonyene idapfa, nta muntu yigeze aYibona, canke ngo yumve
ijwi ryaYo (1Tim 6:16).
Imana Data ihishura ibintu vyose iciye ku bavugishwa na Yo
ikoresheje Ijambo ryaYo na Mpwemu Yera (Amosi 3:7-8). Akiza
abantu aciye ku Bavugishwa n’Ijambo ryiWe (Zaburi 107:19-20).
Abana b’Imana bose baremwe n’Imana Data ari yo yonyene idapfa
(1Tim. 6:16) (cf.
Ingene Imana Icika
Umuryango (No. 187).
Soma kandi
Shema (No. 002B) :
"Ni wumve, ewe Isirayeli : Uhoraho, Imana yacu, ni we
wenyene ahoraho ibihe Bidashira". Shema tuyisanga mu gusenga
kw’abakristo bambere kw’ari Yo Mana Imwe y’Ukuri. Urufatiro rwa
Shema ruri mu Gusubira mu Vyagezwe 6:4 no muri Mariko 12:28-34 (F041iii)
herekana ko Imana iri mu rudende. Aha harakoreshwa n’abizera
Ubutatu n’Ububiri kugira berekane ko za elohim zoba zigize Imana
imwe bakavuga ko Imana na Kristo bagize ikintu kimwe [ko
bari kandi] elohim. Aha rero, ibi sivyo. Ukuba imwe kwa Eloah
ntibisigura ko harimwo n’umwana yatowe nka Mesiya, nk’uko
tubisanga mu Migani 30:4-5. Muri make, ukwo kuba ari rudende
ntibisigura ko harimwo abana b’Imana, aribo, kandi bamye ari
benshi (Yobu 1:6 ; 2:1 ; 38:4-7)."
v. 3
Mesiya yari Elohim yarungitswe n’Ingabo Elohim kugira basubize
ubushasha isi inyuma yaho ibereye
tohu na
bohu mw’Itanguriro
1:1 ; Imigani 8:27-30 ; Ab’i Kolosayi 1:16-17 ; Abaheburayo 1:2.
Yararemye kandi aion
canke igihe canke kosmos,
nk’uko tubibona ahandi mu nyandiko zo mw’Isezerano Risha, ari
vyo vyasobanuwe ngo isi.
Harimwo ukwihenda kwinshi mu gusobanura/n’amafuti kur’ibi (No.
164F
na
164G).
v. 4
Uretse Kristo, ivyaremwe vyose, vyaba ibiboneka (Ab’i Kol 1:17)
cank’ivy’impwemu, vyokurwaho (canke bikagabanuka) (5:39-40 ;
8:12). Aha, ku murongo wa
5, havuga Mesiya nk’aho ari ubugingo n’umuco w’abantu kandi
umwiza ntiwamutsinze. N’amatati hagati y’ikibi gishitse n’iciza
gishitse.
vv. 6-13
Yohana Umubatizi yarungitswe n’Imana kugira ngo ashingire intahe
umuco.
vv. 6-8
Iri somo rivuga ko Yohana yar’umuntu yarungitswe n’Imana.
Ntiyari umuco ariko yaje gushingira intahe umuco. Yari yatowe
n’Imana nk’uko vyasezeranywe muri Mal. 3:1 ariko ntiyari Eliya
yasezeranwe muri Mal. 4:5. Muri make, Kristo yavuze ko yari mu
Mpwemu ya Eliya.
Yari yarungitswe ngo amenyekanishe yongere ategure inzira ya
Kristo muri kirya gihe cari kigoye.
v. 9
Umuco w’ukuri
ni wo muco nyawo, bitandukanye na Yohana we yari itara (5:35).
v. 11
Ihanga ryiwe (Abayuda) ntibamwakiriye.
1:14-18
Ubwiza bw’Imana
buba mu mubiri (mu kwigira umuntu kwa Mesiya), co kimwe n’ubuntu
bwiwe (kubw’urukundo rwo gucungura) n’ukuri kwiwe (kubw’ukuguma
ku masezerano kwiwe). Yahaye bose kubishikako,
atakudendebukirwa, ubuntu k’ubundi, arikwo gushitsa Ivyagezwe
vy’Imana, nk’uko vyatanzwe na Mose, kandi ntanahamwe vyigeze
bigabanywa canke ngo bikurweho ivyo Vyagezwe vy’Imana, Kristo
yahaye Mose.
Ivyanditswe ku mirongo ya 1-5 na 14-18 bisaba gutahura icigwa
Ukubaho kw’Inyamo kwa
Yesu Kristo (No. 243), kandi gwari urufatiro rw’Ukwizera
kwo mu Kinjana ca Mbere n’ubu butumwa bwiza.
v. 14
yihaye Vyerekana
Jambo nk’Ijambo ry’Imana, ko yamyeho atarigira umuntu. Ibi muri
Yohana ku murongo wa 15
vyerekana ko yamyeho, kuko Kristo yavutse mu mezi atandatu
inyuma ya Yohana, urumva ntiyari kuba uw’imbere ya Yohana
iy’ataba yarasanzwe ariho (soma
Imyaka ya Yesu Kristo
Igihe Yabatizwa n’Ikiringo c’Ivugabutumwa Ryiwe (No. 019).
v. 17 Ivyagezwe
vyahawe Mose (bizanywe na Elohim Imana ya Isirayeli dusanga mu
Gusubira mu Vyagezwe 32:8 ; Zaburi 45:6-7 ; Abaheburayo 1:8-9)
yarungitswe na Eloah ari yo Mana Imwe y’Ukuri. Iyo Elohim [ya
Isirayeli] canke Theos yari Yesu Kristo, Umumarayika w’Uhoraho
yahaye Ivyagezwe Mose (Ivyakozwe n’Intumwa 7:30-53) kandi ni we
yagendanye na Isirayeli mu bugaragwa (1Ab’i Korinto 10:1-4).
Ubuntu n’ukuri vyazanywe na Yesu Kristo.
v. 18
Ntawigeze abona Imana.
Ivyanditswe bivuga ko Imana, ata muntu n’umwe araYibona (soma
kandi 1Tim. 6:16).
Monogenes Theos, yo, yigumira mu gikiriza kwa Se (bisigura
ko bahuza cane), uwo yaravuze. Handitswe ngo "ni yo mana yonyene
yavyawe " kandi ntagukekeranya mu nyandiko z’ikigiriki aho
Monogenes Theos
ryakoreshejwe, ni co risigura. Ni wewe wenyene mu Bana b’Imana
yavyawe mu mubiri. Yar’Ijambo ry’Imana kuri Isirayeli (soma
Ku
majambo Monogenes Theos mu Vyanditswe no mu Nsobanuro (B4)).
Ishengero ryo mu binjana ica I n’ica II ryaratahura
Inyigisho Mvajuru y’Ibihe
vya Mbere (No. 127). Aha rero, uhereye mu kinjana ca III
abasaseredoti bo mu mashengero yasenga ibigirwamana n’Izuba niho
batangura kuzana inyigisho z’Ububiri zo kwa bayali bihereye
kugusenga ikimana Attis mw’ishengero ry’i Roma mu binjana vya II
na III, maze bishirwaho nk’itegeko mu mpera z’ikinjana ca IV
guhera mu mwaka wa 381 ku ngoma ya Théodose.
(Soma
Déformation
par les Binitaires et les Trinitaires de la Théologie de la
Divinité des Premiers Temps (No. 127B)).
Haca havyuka
Impari z’aba
Quartodécimanes (No. 277)
n’Intambara
z’aba Unitariennes/Trinitaires (No. 268).
Soma kandi
Inkomoko za
Noheri na Pasika y’Ikinyoma Easter/Pâques (No. 235).
vv.
19-28
Yohana
Umubatizi avuga igikorwa ciwe (Matayo 3:1-12 ; Mariko 1:1-8 ;
Luka 3:1-18)
1:19-23
Abayuda (abakuru mu vy’Imana) barungitse abaherezi n’abalewi
kuri Yohana kugira ngo bamubaze uwo ari we. Yababwije ukuri ko
atari Kristo. Yarazi ko hotegerejwe kuba umuntu wo mu buryo bwa
Mesiya nk’akarorero k’umuherezi Mesiya wa Aroni, nk’uko biri mu
vyiru vya Mesiya wa Aroni n’Umwami Mesiya wa Isirayeli. (Umusi
Mukuru w’Impongano
(No. 138)
na
Azazel
n’Impongano (No. 214)).
Igihe yahakana ko atari we Mesiya, baramubajije ko yoba ari
uwundi muntu mu bitezwe mu vyerekeye ukuza kwa Mesiya mu misi
y’iherezo. Bari bazi ko Imana yavuze ko izobarungikira
uwavugishwa n’Imana Eliya mu misi y’iherezo imbere y’uko habaho
umusi wa nyuma uhambaye w’Umwami kugira agarurire umutima wa ba
se ku bana babo n’umutima w’abana kuri ba se, kugira ngo yoye
gutera isi umuvumo (Mal. 4:5) (soma kandi 2Abami 2:11). Igihe
Yohana yarahira ko atari we Eliya (naho munyuma Yesu yamwise
Eliya kubw’igikorwa co mu buryo bw’impwemu (Matayo 11:14n ;
Mariko 9:13n), biyumvira ku wavugishwa n’Imana bari biteze maze
baramubaza bati : Woba uri wa muvugishwa n’Imana? Ntabwo bavuga
cacabona ca kabiri kizozanana na Eliya tubona mu Vyahishuriwe
Yohana 11:3 n’ahandi, ariwe tuvuga azoba ari
Henoke nk’umuvugishwa wa
kabiri (F066iii)
(soma
No. 135
na
No. 141D).
Nawe yajanwe (Itanguriro 5:24), n’umukogote w’Imana, nka Eliya.
Uwuvugishwa n’Imana abaherezi n’abalewi bari biteze yari
uwuvugishwa n’Imana yorungitswe nk’ijwi rya nyuma
ry’abatoranijwe bo muri Isirayeli y’Imana, imbere ya ba
Bavugishwa, igihe c’ukuza kw’Umwami Mesiya (No.
210A na
210B). Yari
uwuvugishwa n’Imana Dani muri Efurayimu yavuzwe n’Imana muri
Yeremiya 4:15-27 yotegerejwe kuburira Amahanga ku Muzo wa Mesiya
n’Intambara zo mu Misi y’Iherezo (soma
Imburi yo mu Misi
y’Iherezo (No. 044)). Bishingiye k’ubuhanuzi bwo muri
Yeremiya, uwo muvugishwa yari umuvugishwa yari yitezwe imbere ya
Eliya, ariko yobuye ukugaruka kwa Mesiya, iyi "we" yo muri
Yeremiya 4:16 (RSV). Abahanuzi b’abakatorika b’abaromani
baravuze uwo muntu, mu kinjana ca XIII n’ica XV, nk’ikimenyetso
c’ihanga rya Dani. Bavuga ko azova mu gihugu ca isirayeli
giherereye mu buraruko bw’i Yerusalemu, hagati y’ibiyaga bibiri.
Bavuga ko yabaye umusoda mu buto bwiwe kandi ko yakomeretse ku
mutwe. Ubwo buhanuzi busa n’ubwakuwe muvyakwirakwijwe hose mu
mpera y’ikinjana ca XX, ku mvo zumvikana, bafatiye ku vyanditswe
mu Vyahishuriwe Yohana, ibigabane vya 6-20 (soma
F066ii,
F066iii,
F066iv,
F066v).
Abavugishwa babo baravuze kandi uguhera kw’idini rya bo n’ubu
papa muri kazoza ka hafi, igihe Mesiya azoba agarutse (soma
Umu Papa wa nyuma No. 288)).
Urukurikirane rw’ubuhanuzi bwo muri bibiliya turusanga mu cigwa
Iherahezwa ry’Ikimenyetso
ca Yona (No. 013B). Isi itangura Kwigishwa muri ca
Kimpumbi c’ingoma ya Mesiya mu kiringo c’ama Yubile mirongwibiri
guhera k’Umuzuko
wa Mbere (No. 143A) gushika k’Umuzuko
wa Kabiri (No. 143B) kandi gushika aho vyose
bizoheraherezwa abantu bagashitswa ku ndunduro, kandi
Abatoranijwe bagahindurwa [bakaba] imana Elohim (No.
001) canke abatizeye bagahura n’Urupfu
rwa Kabiri (No. 143C).
vv. 24-28
Maze babaza
Yohana bati : "None ni kuki ubatiza kandi utari Kristo, ntube
Eliya, ntube na wa muvugishwa (wa Dani). Mu yandi majambo : ni
kuki ukora ivy’utagezwemwo gukora nk’umuvugishwa canke
umurongozi ?
Yohana yarabishuye
maze abiganira ivya Mesiya, aravuga ati: "ntibimbereye no
gufundurura akagozi k’inkweto yiwe". Ivyo vyabereye i Betaniya,
hakurya ya Yorodani, aho Yohana yabatiriza.
vv. 29-34
Umubatizo w’amazi
; v. 33 Umubatizo
wa Yesu (Matayo 3:13-17 ; Mariko 1:9-11 ; Luka 3:21-22).
Bukeye bwaho, Yohana yabonye Kristo maze ashinga intahe ko
ar’Umwagazi w’intama w’Imana.
Mpwemu Yera amuvugisha ko ari we abatiza muri Mpwemu Yera.
Yohana yavuze ko yabonye kandi ashingintahe ko ar’umwana
w’Imana.
vv. 35-51
Intumwa zambere za Yesu
Aha, Yohana yavuze ko Yesu ar’Umwagazi w’intama w’Imana kandi
babiri mu bigishwa biwe baciye bikurikirira Mesiya. Umwe muri bo
yari Andereya mwenenyina wa Simoni Petero.
v. 39 Isaha
y’icumi ni nka 16h00.
v. 41 Andereya aca
aja kurondera Petero maze amubwira ko babonye Mesiya (Kristo)
v. 42 Maze amuzanira
Yesu. Kristo yaramuvuzeko maze amwita Kefa (Petero). Kefa (Gk.
Petero) mu ki
arameyene risigura ngo Petero, (canke kandi Mutwe ugumye
cf. Lamsa n. re The Peshitta).
vv. 43-51
Filipo na Natanayeli
Bukeye bwaho, Yesu afata ingingo yo kuja i Galilaya maze abona
Filipo, yava i Betsayida, ari naho Andereya na Petero bava.
Filipo abona Natanayeli. Aravuga ati : "Twabonye umwe Mose
yavuga mu Vyagezwe umwe kandi abavugishwa n’Imana bavuga : Yesu
w’i Nazareti, mwene Yosefu". "Natanayeli aramwishura ati :
"Mbega hari iciza cova i Nazareti ? "Kristo yaragiye kumuraba
maze amubwira ibintu atari yarigeze amenya. Maze Natanayeli
abona gutahura ko ari Umwana w’Imana Umwami wa Isirayeli. Maze
Kristo amubwira ko azobona ijuru ryuguruka abamarayika baduga
bongera bamanuka ku Mwana w’umuntu.
v. 45
Isezerano rya Kera rivuga kuri Kristo muri rusangi ni nayo
ntumbero y’ubuhanuzi. v.
46 Natanayeli – Bishika mbere akaba ari we Barutomayo
(Matayo 10:3 ; Mariko 3:18 ; Luka 6:14), yaba i Kana hafi y’i
Nazareti (21:2). v. 47
Atarimw’ubugunge
Yakobo yarimwo ubugunge imbere y’uko yitwa Isirayeli (Itanguriro
27:35 ; 32:28). v. 51
Ivyo Yakobo yerekewe mu nzozi (Itanguriro 28:12) arikwo kuri
kuri muri Yesu. Umwana
w’umuntu – intumwa yo mw’ijuru kugira amenyekanishe Imana
(3:13) ; no kuba umucamanza wanyuma (5:27 ; Mariko 2:10n).
(Soma
Ukubaho kw’Inyamo kwa Yesu Kristo (No. 243)).
Ikigabane ca 2
1
Ku musi ugira gatatu haba ubukwe i Kana i Galilaya, kandi nyina
wa Yesu ni ho yar’ari. 2 Yesu na we atorerwa ubukwe,
bo n’abigishwa biwe. 3 Maze vino ikamye, nyina wa
Yesu aramubarira ati : Nta vino bafise. 4 Yesu
aramwishura ati : Duhuriye hehe ga nyina wanje? Igihe canje
ntikiragera. 5 Nyina abwira abasuku ati : Ico
ababwira cose mugikore. 6 Harih’impange z’intango
zitandatu z’amazi zabajwe mu mabuye, zateretsweho
kubw’ukwihumanura nk’uk’umugenzo w’Abayuda war’uri, imwe-imwe
yuzuzwa n’ibibindi bibiri canke bitatu. 7 Yesu
arababarira ati : Ni mwuzuze izo ntango amazi. Bazuzuza kugeza
ku mbiga. 8 Arababarira ati : Mudahe ubu nyene,
mushire umuteretsi mukuru. Baramushira. 9 Umuteretsi
yumvirije amazi yahindutse vino, ntiyamenye iy’ivuye,
arikw’abasuku badashe amazi bari babizi; uwo muteretsi ahamagara
umukwe, 10 aramubwira ati : Umuntu wese ahora abanza
gutereka vino ziryoshe, maze bahimba akabaha izitaryoshe : ariko
weho iziryoshe ni zo wabitse gushitsa ubu. 11 Iryo ni
ryo tanguriro ry’ibimenyetso Yesu yakoze ar’i Kana i Galilaya,
yerekana ubwiza bwiwe; kand’abigishwa biwe baramwizera. 12 Hanyuma
y’ivyo amanuka i Kaperinawumu, bo na nyina na bene nyina
n’abigishwa biwe, amaray’imisi itari myinshi. 13 Kandi
Pasika y’Abayuda yari hafi; Yesu aduga i Yerusalemu. 14 Asanga
mu Rusengero abadandarizah’inka n’intama n’inuma, n’abavunja
amahera bicaye. 15 Atsiba imigozi ayigira nk’ikimoko,
abahinda mu rusengero bose, n’intama n’inka, asesa amahera
y’abariko baravunja, ahenura ameza yabo. 16 Abarira
abadandaza inuma ati : Ni mukureh’ivyo, nta co muhindura inzu ya
Data kuba inzu y’akaguriro. 17 Abigishwa biwe bibuka
ko handitswe ngo : Ishaka ry’inzu yawe rizondya. 18 Abayuda
baramubaza bati : Utwereka ikimenyetso ki, gituma ukora ivyo ?
19 Yesu arabishura ati : Musambure uru rusengero,
nanje nzoruhagarika mu misi itatu. 20 Maz’Abayuda
bati : Uru rusengero rwubatswe imyaka mirongwine n’itandatu;
none wewe uzoruhagarika mu misi itatu ! 21 Ariko we
yavuga urusengero rw’umubiri wiwe. 22 Nukw’amaze
kuzurwa mu bapfuye, abigishwa biwe bibuka yuko yari yaravuze
ivyo, bemera icanditswe, na rya jambo Yesu yavuze. 23 Kandi
yar’i Yerusalemu mu misi mikuru ya Pasika, benshi bizera izina
ryiwe, babonye ibimenyetso akora. 24 Ariko Yesu we
ntiyabishimira, kuko yar’azi abantu bose, 25 ntiyarinda
ko hagira uwushingira intahe ivy’umuntu, kuk’ubwiwe yar’azi
ibiri mu muntu.
Intumbero y’Ikigabane ca 2
vv. 1-11
Ubukwe bw’i Kana i Galilaya; Yesu ahindura amazi vino.
Ubukwe bw’i Kana burasiguwe neza mu cigwa
Insiguro y’Ubukwe bw’i
Kana i Galilaya (No. 050).
Ubwo bukwe bwavugishije benshi kandi vino yakozwe irashobora
kuvugwako vyinshi cane. Insiguro turayisanga mu cigwa
Vino muri Bibiliya (No.
188).
Ibindi turabisanga mu vyigwa :
Ukury’Ibimera muri
Bibiliya (No. 183) kubijanye n’ubundi buzimire bwa
gipagani bwaje mu Bayuda. Kubijanye n’Ivyagezwe vy’Imana ku
mfungurwa, soma
Ivyagezwe vyerekeye
Imfungurwa (No. 015).
Dutahure ko aha bamusavye gukora igitangaza kandi isaha yiwe
itari bwagere, nk’uko yabibwiye nyina wiwe (Nyina
wanje 19:26). Ukuza kwiwe kwateguwe n’Imana, kandi
ntivyavuye kukwifuza kwa Mariyamu. Kurangiza kwiwe kwotegerejwe
kuba ukwo kumanikwa ku giti stauros (7:30 ; 8:20 ; 12:23, 27 ;
13:1 ; 17:1).
v. 6
Imigirwa yo Kwihumanura yakorwa nk’umugenzo (soma
Kwihumanura no
Kugenyererwa (No. 251)).
v. 8
Umuteretsi
– umukuru ajejwe ivy’ibinyobwa mu rubanza
v. 11
ibitangaza vyari ibimenyetso vyerekeye ukuninahazwa n’ubushobozi
bw’Imana muri we biciye kuri
Mpwemu Yera (No. 117).
Ikimenyetso ca mbere Ikimenyetso ca kabiri cari muri
4:46-54.
v. 12
Bene nyina
soma ivyanditswe muri Matayo 13:55n. Soma kandi icigwa
Inkumi Mariyamu
n’umuryango wa Yesu Kristo (No. 232).
2:13-25
Yesu akubura urusengero
(gereranya Matayo 21:12-17 ; Mariko 11:15-19 ; Luka 19:45-48).
v. 14
Ibitungwa vyagurishwa kugira ngo babitangeko ibimazi. Ifaranga
ry’abaromani ryavunjwa mu mayuda kugira hatangwe ikori/Itagisi
ry’Urusengero.
v. 15-16
Ukwo yavyitwayemwo ntabwo kwari ukurengerwa, ariko ryari ishavu
yar’afitiye abaherezi kuko ukwizera kwabo kari kwahindutse
urudandazwa.
Inzu ya Data
yariko agwanirira ubwami bwiwe.
v. 17
Zaburi 69:9.
2:23-25
Ukwizera kutagira ishingiro ntikuragama kandi Kristo ntagaciro
yabihaye.
Uguhumanura
Urusengero (No. 241B)
ni kimwe mu bijanye n’Ukwiyeza kandi Kristo, intumwa hamwe
n’ishengero barakora uwo mugirwa wo Kwiyeza mu kiringo
c’ibinjana. Soma ivyigwa
Ukweza
Amahanga (No. 077)
;
Ukweza
Urusengero rw’Imana (No. 241)
;
Ukweza
Imburabwenge n’Abazimiye (No. 291)
(soma kandi Ivyongeweko A mu
No. 291
ku kwisonzesha kw’igenekerezo rya 7 Abibu bikorwa n’ishengero).
Mu binjana vya nyuma, ishengero ry’i Sarudi ryarataye ukwo
Kwiyeza, nko mu kinjana ca XX, bizanywe n’Umwungere
w’Imburakimazi (Zekariya 11:17).
Ikigabane ca 3
1
Har’umuntu mu Bafarisayo, yitwa Nikodemo, yar’umukru wo mu
Bayuda; 2 uwo aza kuri we mw’ijoro, aramubwira ati :
Mwigisha, turazi yuk’ur’umwigisha yavuye ku Mana, kukw’ata muntu
ashobora gukora ibimenyetso nk’ivyo ukora, shit’Imana iri kumwe
na we. 3 Yesu aramwishura ati : N’ukuri, n’ukuri
ndakubwire : Iy’umuntu atavyawe ubwa kabiri, ntashobora kubona
ubwami bw’Imana. 4 Nikodemo aramubaza ati : Umuntu
ashobora ate kuvyarwa ashaje? Mbega yoshobora gusubira mu nda ya
nyina akavuka ? 5 Yesu aramwishura ati : N’ukuri,
n’ukuri ndakubwire : Iy’umuntu atavyawe n’amazi na Mpwemu,
ntashobora kwinjira mu bwami bw’Imana. 6 Ikivyawe
n’umubiri na co n’umubiri; ikivyawe na Mpwemu na co n’impwemu.
7 Ntutangazwe n’uko nkubwiye nti : Murakwiye kuvyarwa
ubwa kabiri. 8 Umuyaga uhuhuta ah’ugomba, nawe ukumva
igihuhuta cawo, ariko ntumenye ah’uva, n’ah’uja; uko ni kw’amera
uwuvyawe na Mpwemu wese. 9 Nikodemo arabaza ati :
Ivyo bishoboka bite ? 10 Yesu aramwishura ati : Ni
wewe mwigisha w’Abisirayeli, kandi ntutahura ivyo ! 11 N’ukuri,
n’ukuri ndakubwire : Twebwe tuvuga ico tuzi, kandi dushingira
intahe ico twabonye; ariko ntimwemera igishingantahe cacu.
12 Ko nababwiye ivy’isi ntimwemere, none muzokwemera mute
ni nababwira ivy’ijuru ? 13 Nta waduze mw’ijuru,
atar’uwamanutse ava mw’ijuru, ni we Mwana w’umuntu wo mw’ijuru.
14 Kand’uko Mose yamanitse inzoka mu bugaragwa, ni
k’Umwana w’umuntu akwiye kumanikwa, 15 ng’uwumwizera
wese ahabwe ubugingo budashira. 16 Kuk’urukundo Imana
yakunze abari mw’isi ari rwo rwatumye itanga Umwana wayo
w’ikinege, ng’uwumwizera wese ntaz’apfe rubi, arikw’ahabwe
ubugingo budashira. 17 Kukw’Imana itatumye Umwana
wayo gucira abari mw’isi urubanza, ariko ngw’abari mw’isi
bakizwe na we. 18 Uwumwizeye ntazotsindwa n’urubanza,
arik’uwutamwizeye aramaze gutsindwa, kukw’atizeye izina
ry’Umwana w’Imana w’ikinege. 19 Uku ni kwo gutsindwa,
kuk’umuco waje mw’isi, arikw’abantu bagakunda umwiza kuruta
umuco, kukw’ibikorwa vyabo ari bibi. 20 Kuk’uwukora
ibibi wese yanka umuco, kandi ntaza ku muco, kugira ngw’ibikorwa
vyiwe ntibihanwe ; 21 Arik’uwukora ivy’ukuri aza ku
muco, kugira ngw’ibikorwa vyiwe biseruke ko vyakorewe mu Mana.
22 Hanyuma y’ivyo Yesu ajana n’abigishwa biwe mu
gihugu c’i Yudaya, atebanayo na bo, abatiza. 23 Kandi
Yohana na we yabatiriza ahitwa Ayinoni, hafi y’i Salimu,
kukw’aho har’amazi menshi, abantu baraza bakabatizwa. 24 Kuko
Yohana ataribwashirwe mw’ibohero. 25 Havyuka ibihari
ku bigishwa ba Yohana n’Umuyuda ku vyo kwihumanura. 26 Baza
aho Yohana ari, baramubwira bati : Mwigisha, uwo mwari kumwe
hakurya ya Yorodani, umwe washingira intahe, erega na we
arikw’arabatiza, kandi bose baza kuri we. 27 Yohana
arabishura ati : Nta co umuntu ashobora kuronka ubwiwe,
atagihawe kivuye mw’ijuru. 28 Ni mwebwe ubwanyu
munshingira intahe yuko navuze nti : Si jewe Kristo, ariko
natumwe kumwitangira imbere. 29 Uwuhawe umugeni ni we
mukwe, arik’umugenzi w’uno mukwe amuhagaraye i ruhande amwumva,
anezerwa cane n’ijwi ry’umukwe; nukw’ako kanyamuneza kanje
karashitse. 30 Urya akwiye gukuzwa, nanje ngirwe
muto. 31 Uwavuye hejuru ni we asumba bose, uwo mw’isi
aba ar’uwo mw’isi nyene, avuga ivy’isi; uwavuye mw’ijuru ni we
asumba bose. 32 Ico yabonye, kandi yumvise, ni co
ashingira intahe, arik’ugushinga intahe kwiwe nta wukwemera.
33 Uwemeye ugushinga intahe kwiwe aba ateye igikumu
ngw’Imana n’iy’ukuri. 34 Uwo Imana yatumye ni we
avuga amajambo y’Imana, kukw’idatanga Mpwemu ku ngero. 35 Se
arakunda Umwana, kandi yamuhaye vyose, abishira mu kuboko kwiwe.
36 Uwizeye Umwana arafise ubugingo budashira,
arik’uwutumvira Umwana ntazobona ubugingo, arik’uburake bw’Imana
buguma kuri we.
Intumbero y’Ikigabane ca 3
3:1-21
Nikodemo aja kuraba Yesu mw’ijoro.
v. 1
Abafarisayo, nk’idini, bari bizera Ukuzuka, Abasadukayo bobo
ntibavyizera. Umwungere/umurongozi – umwe mu bagize Igugu (soma
11:47n)
v. 3
Kubona Ubwami bw’Imana
si kubw’ibikorwa runaka ariko ni kubw’Ivyo
twatoranirijwe (No. 296) no guhindurwa n’Imana (Abaroma
8:29-30).
v. 5
Ukuvuka mw’Itegeko Rishasha ry’Ubwami bw’Imana bikorwa n’amazi
mu mubatizo (1:33 ; Abanyefeso 5:26) na
Mpwemu Yera (No. 117)
mu kurambikwako ibiganza. Soma
Ukwihana n’Ukubatizwa
(No. 052).
v. 6
ikivyawe n’Impwemu na co n’Impwemu.
vv. 8-9
Umuyaga uhuhuta ah’ugomba.
Ijambo ry’ikigiriki risigura umuyaga n’impwemu ni rimwe kandi ni
nayo nsiguro ivugwa ngaha kuri Nikodemo (soma kandi Ezekiyeli
37:5-10) (ngira ngo no mu ki arameyene ni ko biri, ariko aha
vyanditswe mu kigiriki).
v. 12
Ibintu vyo kw’isi
nk’umugani w’umuyaga,
Ibintu vyo mw’ijuru nk’ukuri muvy’impwemu.
vv. 13-15
Yesu yavuye mw’ijuru
kugira ngo azane
Ubugingo Budashira (No.
133) no kuba nk’Imana biciye mu kubambwa ku giti Stauros
canke inkingi (nka kumwe kwo mu bugaragwa Guharura 21:9).
Menya ko aha, Kristo yavuze ko atawigeze aduga mw’ijuru kiretse
Kristo yururutse avuye mw’ijuru.
3:16
Luther yise uwu murongo ubutumwa bwiza bw’irangi. Aravyagura
akavuga ko ari ikimazi mu rukundo ku vyaremwe vyose.
3:17-21
Intumbero y’Imana kwar’ukurema umuntu no kumukiza. Abantu
baraciriranira imanza mu kunyegeza ibikorwa vyabo bibi mu Kwera
n’Ukugororoka vya Kristo.
Uwukora ivy’ukuri aza ku muco kugira babone neza ko ibikorwa
vyiwe vyakorewe mu Mana. Ivy’Ukwihana no Kubatizwa muri Mpwemu
Yera, n’ibintu bigaragara ni ngoga, niyo mpamvu Imana ishira
ibigabitanyo vy’abantu kure nk’uko i burasirazuba hitanguye i
burengerazuba (Zaburi 103:12).
3:22-36
Yohana Umubatizi yongera gushingira intahe Yesu
(gereranya 1:19-34).
v. 24
Yohana Umubatizi mw’ibohero
Matayo 4:12, 14:3 ; Mariko 1:14, 6:17 ; Luka 3:19-20.
v. 25
Kwihumanura -
Imigirwa (soma kandi
Ukwihumanura
n’Ukugenyererwa (No. 251)).
vv. 27-29
Yohana yari Umugenzi
w’umukwe, azana Isirayeli, umugeni, kuri Kristo, umukwe.
Soma kandi
Isirayeli, Umugambi
w’Imana (No. 001B) na
Isirayeli, Uruzabibu
rw’Imana (No. 001C).
3:31-36
v. 32
Umwana yavuye mw’ijuru maze ashingira intahe ukuri, ariko
ntanumwe yemera ukwo
gushinga intahe. Ntanumwe
– Hagomba kuvuga Abayuda n’idini yabo y’ikinyoma.
v. 34 Uwo Imana yarungitse avuga amajambo y’Imana. (iyi
yar’intahe y’umwanditsi kandi abari kumwe na we barizera
vy’ukuri amajambo ya Kristo). Kuko Imana idatanga Mpwemu ku
ngero. Arakunda umwana kandi yashize vyose mu biganza vyiwe (v.
35). v. 36 Uwizera
umwana arafise ubugingo budashira (No.
133). Uwutubaha umwana ntazobona ubugingo, ariko yitege
uburake bw’Imana buzosukwa kuri we.
Ikigabane ca 4
1Umwami
Yesu amenye kw’Abafarisayo bumvise yukw’aronka abigishwa benshi,
kand’abatiza benshi, arusha Yohana. 2 Ariko Yesu
ubwiwe si we yabatiza, bar’abigishwa biwe. 3 Ava i
Yudaya, asubira i Galilaya. 4 Yumva akwiye guca i
Samariya. 5 Nukw’ashika ku gisagara c’i Samariya
citwa Sukara, hafi y’umusozi Yakobo yahaye Yosefu, umuhungu
wiwe. 6 Kand’aho har’iriba rya Yakobo. Yesu ananijwe
n’urugendo apfa kwicara kw’iriba, hari nk’isaha zitandatu.
7 Haza umugore w’Umusamariyakazi kuvoma; Yesu aramubwira
ati: Umpe utwo kunywa. 8 Kukw’abigishwa biwe bari
bagiye mu gisagara kugura indya. 9 Uno Musamariyakazi
aramubaza ati : Wewe ur’Umuyuda, non’unsaba amazi ute, jewe
nd’Umunyasamariyakazi? (Ni kukw’Abayuda n’Abasamariya banenana)
10 Yesu aramwishura ati :Iy’uba war’uzi ingabire
y’Imana, ukamenya n’uwugusavye ngo Mpa utwo kunywa uw’ari we,
nawe uba umusavye, na we akaguha amazi y’ubugingo. 11 Wa
mugore aramwishura ati : Mugenzi, kw’ata co kuvomesha ufise,
kand’iriba rikaba ari rirerire, non’ayo mazi y’ubugingo uyakura
hehe ? 12 Mbeg’uruta sogokuruza wacu Yakobo, yaduhaye
iri riba, yanywa amazi yaryo, ubwiwe n’abana biwe, n’amasho yiwe
? 13 Yesu aramwishura ati : Uwunywa kur’ayo mazi wese
azosubira kugira inyota ; 14 arik’uwunywa amazi
nzomuha, ntazoba akigira inyota na mba gushitsa ibihe vyose,
arikw’amazi nzomuha azohinduka muri we imbizi y’anazi yiburuka
azana ubugingo budashira. 15 Uwo mugore aramubwira
ati : Mugenzi, mpa se ayo mazi, sinze ngire inyota, kandi sinze
ngaruke kuvoma ino hose. 16 Yesu aramubwira ati :
Genda uhamagare umugabo wawe, uheze ugaruke ino. 17 Uwo
mugore aramwishura ati : Nta mugabo mfise. Yesu aramwishura ati:
Uvuze ko, k’ugize ngo nta mugabo ufise. 18 Kuko
war’ufise abagabo batanu, arik’uwo ufise ubu s’umugabo wawe;
ivyo ubivuze ukuri. 19 Uno mugore aramubwira ati :
Mugenzi, ndabona k’ur’umuntu avugishwa n’Imana. 20 Ba
sogokuruza bacu basengera kur’uyu musozi, ariko mweho mugira
ngw’i Yerusalemu ni ho hantu hakwiye gusengerwa. 21 Yesu
aramubwira ati : Nyizera nyina wanje; igihe kija kuza, si
kur’uyu musozi cank’i Yerusalemu muzosengera Data. 22 Mwebwe
musenga ico mutazi; tweho dusenga ico tuzi, kukw’agakiza
gaturuka mu Bayuda. 23 Arikw’igihe kiza, kandi
kirashitse, ni ho abasenga b’ukuri bazosengera Data mu mpwemu no
mu kuri, kuko Data arondera abamusenga bameze batyo. 24 Imana
ni Mpwemu, kand’abayisenga bakwiye kuyisenga mu mpwemu no mu
kuri. 25 Nya mugore aramubwira ati : Ndazi ko Mesiya
azoza yitwa Kristo; uwo ah’azozira ni we azoduserurira vyose.
26 Yesu aramubwira ati : Ni jewe nyene turiko
turavugana. 27 Bun’abigishwa biwe barashika,
batangazwa n’ukw’avugana n’umugore; ariko ntawavuze ati :
Urondera iki? Canke ngo : Muvuganira na we iki ? 28 Maz’uno
mugore asiga umubindi wiwe hano, asubira mu gisagara, abwira
abantu ati : 29 Ni muze murabe umuntu ambwiye ivyo
nakoze vyose; namb’ari we Kristo ? 30 Bava mu
gisagara ngo bamusange iy’ari. 31 Batarashika,
abigishwa baramwinginga bati : Mwigisha, enda fungura. 32 Arabishura
ati : Jewe mfise ivyo kurya mwebwe mutazi. 33 Abigishwa
barabazanya bati : Mbega har’uwamuzaniye ivyo kurya ? 34 Yesu
arababwira ati : Indya zanje n’ugukora ico uwantumye agomba, no
guheraheza igikorwa ciwe. 35 Mbega mwebwe ntimuvuga
ngo hasigaye amezi ane iyimbura rikagera? Ehe ndababwire : Ni
mwunamure amaso yanyu murabe imirima, ireze igeze kwimbura.
36 Umwimbuzi aragererwa, yegeraniriza ivyimburwa mu
bugingo budashira; kugira ng’uwubiba n’uwimbura banezeranwe.
37 Kuko mur’ivyo ari ho iri jambo rimenyekanira
kw’ar’iry’ukuri ngo : Habiba umwe, hakimbura uwundi. 38 Nabatumye
kwimbura ibitabatamije ; abandi baratamye, namwe mwashikiye mu
vy’ubutame bwabo. 39 Benshi mu Basamariya bo mur’ico
gisagara bamwizera kubw’amajambo ya wa mugore, yavuze ashinga
intahe ati : Ambariye ivyo nakoze vyose. 40 Maz’Abasamariya
baje ah’ari, baramwinginga ngw’agume i wabo; asibirayo kabiri.
41 Hizera abandi benshi baruta aba mbere, kuko
biyumviye ijambo ryiwe ; 42 maze babwira uyo mugore
bati : Ubu ho ntitwizeye kubw’amajambo yawe gusa, kuko natwe
twiyumviye kandi tumenye k’uyu ar’Umukiza w’isi vy’ukuri.
43 Iyo misi ibiri ishize, avayo aja i Galilaya. 44 Kandi
Yesu ubwiwe yashinze intahe yuk’umuntu avugishwa n’Imana atagira
icubahiro mu ntara y’i wabo. 45 Ashitse i Galilaya,
Abanyagalilaya baramwakira, kuko babonye ivyo yakoreye i
Yerusalemu vyose muri ya misi mikuru, kuko na bo bari bagiyeyo
mu misi mikuru. 46 Maz’asubira kuja i Kana i
Galilaya, hamwe yahindurira amazi agacika vino. Har’umutware
atwarira umwami, umwana wiwe w’umuhungu yar’arwariye i
Kaperinawumu ; 47 uyo yumvise ko Yesu avuye i Yudaya
ashitse i Galilaya, aza kuri we, aramwinginga ngw’amanuke gukiza
umwana wiwe, kuko yari ku mpfiro. 48 Yesu aramubwira
ati : Iyo mutabonye ibimenyetso n’ibitangaza nta ho mwizera na
mba. 49 Uwo mutware ati : Mugenzi, ngwino se umanuke
umwana wanje atarapfa. 50 Yesu aramubwira ati : Ni
wigire, umwana wawe ni muzima. Uwo muntu yizera ijambo Yesu
amubwiye, aragenda. 51 Arikw’aramanuka abantu biwe
baramusanganira bati : Umwana wawe ni muzima. 52 Abasiguza
cane igihe yatanguye kworoherwa. Baramubwira bati : Ejo,
kw’isaha ndwi, ni ho umururumbo wamuvuyeko. 53 Maze
se aca amenya ko hari muri nya saha nyene Yesu yamubwiriyemwo
ati : Umwana wawe ni muzima. Arizera ubwiwe n’abo mu rugo rwiwe
bose. 54 Ico ni co kimenyetso ca kabiri Yesu yakoze,
avuye i Yudaya ashitse i Galilaya.
Intumbero y’Ikigabane ca
4
vv. 1-26
Yesu avugana n’Umusamariyakazi.
vv. 1-3
Abafarisayo banka Yohana baca bahindukirira Yesu na we, aca
yigira i Galilaya. v. 4
I Samariya hari mu buraruko bw’i Yudaya kandi hatandukanya i
Yudaya n’i Galilaya, ubwami bwa Herode Antipas. Hari haba abantu
bimvange (Ivyakozwe n’Intumwa 8:5n), aba Cuthéens n’aba Mèdes
bajanywe n’ingabo zo mu buraruko bw’i Siriya. Uwo mugore yavuga
ko akomoka kuri Yakobo, ariko Kristo yashingiye cane kuvyerekeye
Abayuda. Iriba rya Yakobo ryashizeho ihuriro kandi cari ikibanza
ciza c’urufatiro kugira ikiyago cabo gitangure ku vyerekeye
agakiza no kuba akaryo keza ko kuronsa agakiza abanyamahanga,
nk’uko Yakobo yabivuze ari yo mpamvu yo kuba Efurayimu
mw’Itanguriro 48:15-19, igihe yahezagira Yosefu (soma kandi
Itanguriro 33:19 ; 48:22 ; Yosuwa 24:32). Hari nka midi.
vv. 7-9
Yesu yamusavye utwo kunywa. Yaratangajwe no kwumva umusaba
amazi, kuko Abayuda bari basanzwe atabucuti bafitaniye
n’Abasamariya. Abigisha kandi baririnda kuvugana n’abagore mu
mayira. Abayuda kandi baranena Abasamariya nk’abaguye mu
vy’Imana (2Abami 24:17-34).
v. 10
Aca atangura kumubwira ibijanye n’uko iyo amenya uwo ari we,
yari kumusaba amazi y’ubugingo, bisigura inkomezi za Mpwemu Yera
n’agakiza kugururiwe abapagani.
Amazi y’ubugingo
Yeremiya 2:13 ; 17:13.
v. 11
Ntiyatahuye na kimwe kandi atakivomesho kihari. v. 12 Aca
amubaza ko aruta sekuru wabo Yakobo. Ni neza na neza umuhezagiro
Yakobo yari yarahaye Yosefu, kandi, yagomba kuvuga elohim ari na
we mumarayika Mucunguzi yasavye mw’Itanguriro 48:15 kubandanya.
v. 14
Kristo yabandanije avuga ku ngabire yiwe, amazi y’ubugingo ari
na yo soko ry’ubugingo budashira. v. 15 Yaciye asaba ayo
mazi kugira ntaze yongere kugaruka kuvoma, ariko ntiyari
yatahuye insiguro y’ayo mazi.
v. 16
Yesu aca amubaza akabazo ko kumugeza aramubwira ati : genda
uhamagare umugabo wawe umubwire aze ngaha.
v. 17 Yishuye ati :
"Nta mugabo mfise", yari yiberaho mu bucuti bwisanzuye
[atanditswe]. Kristo ntabwo yahenzwe. Yamubwiye ko yavuze neza
ko ageze kubagabo batanu kandi ko uwo babana uwo mwanya atari
wiwe. Yaciye avuga neza amategeko agenga ivyo kwabirana no
gusubira kwabirana mu ryungane rimwe (Ubukwe
(No. 289)).
v. 19
Uwo mugore yaciye abandanya avuga ku bijanye n’ikibanza co
gusengeramwo, kuko itandukaniro ryari kuvyo babonesha amaso,
ariko yaravuze igihe kizoza aho abasenga b’ukuri batazosengera
kur’uwo musozi (Umusozi Gerasimu nico cari ikibanza kiriko
Isengero y’Abasamariya). Yavuze ku murongo wa 22 ko agakiza
kazanana mu Bayuda ariko ko katazanwa n’Abayuda kandi ko yasutse
agakiza no mu Banyamahanga. Yaciye avuga neza ko abasenga Data
bategerezwa kubikora mu Mpwemu no mu kuri. Ikibanza ntagaciro
cari gifise. Umurongo wa
25 Yavuze ko yarazi ko Mesiya yoje akabaserurira vyose.
v. 26 Aca amubwira
ko ari we ari Mesiya (Ni jewe nyene turiko turavugana).
vv. 27-38
Yesu avuga ivy’ugusarura mu mpwemu.
Ico gihe, abigishwa biwe baraje maze baratangara kubona avugana
n’umugore. Ntaco babivuzeko, baratangara cane, maze uwo mugore
asiga umubindi wiwe ngaho (nta nkeka kwari ukugira abafashe)
maze yiruka mu gisagara aja kuvuga ibikorwa vy’uwushobora kuba
ari Mesiya, maze abahamagara kuza kumuraba.
v. 30 Bava mu
gisagara baza kumuraba. Ntankeka ni mur’iyo ntumbero yaciye
atanguza ikiyago ku gakiza gashikiriye abapagani, kuburyo
vyabandanije.
vv. 31-38
Mur’iki gisomwa, Kristo avuga mu buryo bw’umugani aca abwira
intumwa ko imirima igeze kwimburwa. Agakiza kava mu
banyamahanga. Umwimbuzi aronka ingero maze agakoraniriza ivyamwa
mu bugingo budashira. Yababwiye ko abarungitse kwimbura ivyo
batakoreye. Abandi barabakoreye nabo bashikiye mu gikorwa.
vv. 39-42
Abenshi mu Basamariya barizeye
bivuye ku ntahe ya wa mugore. Baramusavye ko yoguma i wabo maze
aca asibirayo imisi ibiri kubw’intahe yiwe baratahuye maze
bavuga ko ar’mukiza w’isi n’abanyamahanga n’abantu bose.
vv. 43-45
Yesu yigisha i Galilaya no mu Banyamahanga (Matayo
4:12-17 ; Mariko 1:14-15 ; Luka 4:14-15) (kugira ngo umurongo wa
42 utahurike, gereranya na Yesaya 43:3,11 ; 45:22).
Maze aca aja i Galilaya. Yari yashinze intahe yuk’umuntu
avugishwa n’Imana atagira icubahiro mu ntara y’i wabo (v. 44).
v. 45 Abanyagalilaya
bamwakiriye bisunze ivyo babonye yakoreye i Yerusalemu.
vv. 46-54
Yesu akiza umuhungu w’umutware.
Ivyanditswe na Bullinger kuri Yohana, Ibigabane vya 1 - 4 (muri
Bibiliya yitwa KJV) [biri mu congereza gusa]
Chapter 1
Verse 1
In the beginning. Greek. en (App-104.) arche. Occurs four times
in the N.T. (Compare Genesis
1:1 ). The context will always supply the dependent
word (where it is not expressed). Here, and in John
1:2, supply "[of the aions = ages "]; for
the Logos then "was", and the aims were prepared by Him (Hebrews
1:2 ; Hebrews
11:3 ). In Acts
11:15 supply "[of our ministry" (John
2:4 )]. In Philippians
4:15 supply "[the proclamation of] the Gospel". For
the combination of arche, with other prepositions, see notes on John
6:64 ("ex arches"); on John
8:44 (" ap' arches"); on Hebrews
1:10 ("kat' arches").
was = was [already pre-existent]. Creation is not mentioned
till John
1:3. "The Word had no beginning". See John
1:3 ; John
17:5. 1
John 1:1.Ephesians
1:4.Proverbs
8:23.
Psalms 90:2. Compare John
8:58. Not the same "was "as in John
1:14.
the Word. Greek. Logos. As the spoken word reveals the invisible
thought, so the Living Word reveals the invisible God. Compare John
1:18.
and. Note the Figure of speech Polysyndeton. App-6. with.
Greek. pros. App-104. Implying personal presence and relation.
Compare John
1:18.
God. With the Art. = the revealed God of the Bible. App-98.
the Word was God. This is correct. The Art. designates "the
Word" as the subject. The order of the words has to do only with
the emphasis, which is thus placed on the predicate, while "the
Word "is the subject.
was God. Here "God "is without the Art., because it denotes the
conception of God as Infinite, Eternal, Perfect, Almighty, &c.
Contrast John
4:24.
[See the notes on chapter 1 Above that deals with this error of
Bullinger’s. The indefinite article should be inferred here as
the word is the only
born God of v. 18 – ed].
The same = This [Word], or He.
All things. Referring to the infinite detail of creation. '
were made = came into being. Not the same word as in John
1:1.
by = through. Greek. dia. App-104.John
1:1. As in Romans
11:36. Colossians
1:16. Hebrews
1:2.
and without, &c. Note the Figure of speech Pleonasm. App-6.
without = apart from.
was = came into being. Not the same word as in John
1:1.
not any thing = not even one thing. Greek oude, compound
of ou. App-105.
was made = hath come into being.
life. Greek. zoe. App-170.: i.e. the fountain of life. Hence 1Jn
5:11, 1
John 5:12, and Psalms
36:8, manifested (John
1:4 ); obtained (John
3:16 ); possessed (John
4:14 ); sustained (John
6:35 ); ministered (John
7:38 ); abounding (John
10:10 ); resurrection (John
11:24, John
11:25 ). A characteristic word of this Gospel. See
note on p. 1511.
the light. Not a light. Compare John
8:12. Greek phos. App-130. A characteristic word of
this Gospel. See note on p. 1511.
men. Greek. Plural of anthropos. App-123.
shineth. Greek. phaino. App-106.
darkness = the darkness. Pre supposing the Fall. Genesis
3:18.
comprehended it. This is direct from the Vulgate. The Greek kata
is so rendered only here. It means, overcame or overpowered Him
not. See 1
Thessalonians 5:4 (overtake). Mark
9:18. Mark
8:3, Mark
8:4 (take); John
12:35 (come upon hostilely).
it. Referring grammatically to phos, the light (neuter); but
logically to the Word. Quoted by Tatian (AD 150-170), Greek t.
ad Graecos, xiii. Note the Figure of speech Parechesis ( App-6 )
in the Aramaic (not in the Greek or English), "darkness
comprehended". Aramaean. k'bel kabel.
not. Greek. ou. App-105.
There was = There arose. Not the same word as in John
1:1.
sent. Compare Malachi
3:1. Greek apostello ( App-174.), whence we have our
"Apostle" = one sent. John not only came, but was "sent".
from = from beside. Greek para. App-104. Not "by", but from.
Compare John
15:26.
God. No Art. Compare John
1:1. App-98.
John : i.e. John the Baptist; the John of the narrative, not of
the Gospel. Occurs twenty times, and is never distinguished by
the title "Baptist", as in Matthew, Mark, and Luke.
for a witness : i.e. with a view to bearing witness; not merely
to be a witness. That would be martur (mart us, as in Acts
1:8, Acts
1:22, &c.) This is marturia = a bearing witness.
Greek. eis. App-104. Not the same word as in John
1:16.
to bear witness = in order that (Greek. hina) he might bear
witness. Greek martureo, a characteristic word of this Gospel.
See note on p. 1611,
witness. Greek marturia, a characteristic word of this Gospel.
of = concerning. Greek. peri. App-104.
that = in order that. Greek hina. Often found in John.
all : i.e. all, without distinction.
through. Greek dia. App-104.John
1:1.
him. John the Baptist. Compare John
5:33.Acts
10:37 ; Acts
13:24.
believe. See App-150. A characteristic word of this Gospel. See
note on p. 1611.
he = That one. Compare John
2:21.
that Light = the Light. Compare John
9:5 ; John
12:35.
was sent. Supply "came" from John
1:7.
That, &c. Render: [He] was the true (or very) Light, that which,
coming into the world, lighteneth every man (without
distinction). We should connect this "coming" with "the Light
"(with Revised Version): because "coming into the world" is
continually associated with the Lord. See John
3:19 ; John
6:14 ; John
9:39 ; John
11:27 ; John
12:46 ; John
16:28 ; John
18:37. Note esp. John
3:19 and John
12:46. Many lamps found in the tombs at Gezer (1
Kings 9:15-17 ) have inscribed on them "The light of
Messiah shines for all".
true = very. Greek alethinos. App-175. A characteristic word of
this Gospel. See note on p. 1511.
every man: i, e. without distinction, as the sun shines on all (Matthew
5:45, &c.) Greek. panta anthropon. Not collectively,
but individually and personally. For centuries Israel only had
this light, and Gentiles were the exception. Henceforth there
was to be no dis tinction. Gentiles were to be blessed with
Abraham's seed in the days of Messiah. Compare Genesis
12:3.Romans
15:8-12.
into. Greek. eis. App-104.
world. Greek. kosmos. App-129. A characteristic word in this
Gospel. See note on p. 1511.
was made = came into being.
knew. Greek. ginosko. App-132. One of the characteristic words
of this Gospel. See p. 1511.
He came. Denoting the definite historical fact. unto.
Greek. eis. App-104.
His own. Neut. plural: i.e. His own things, or posses sions.
Supply ktemata (possessions), as in Matthew
19:22. Compare Matthew
21:33-41. What these "possessions" were must be
supplied from Matthew
1:1, viz, the land of Abraham, and the throne of
David.
His own. Masculine plural: i.e. His own People (Israel).
received = received (to themselves).
as many as : John
1:9 is collective; John
1:12 is individual.
received = accepted (from a giver). Not the same word as in John
1:11.
power = authority. App-172.
the sons = children. Greek. Plural of teknon. Not "sons". In
John the word huios = son, is mostly reserved for the Lord
Himself. See note 2, p. 1511. In John teknon Occurs only here, John
8:39, and John
11:52. App-108. Paul uses both "children "and "sons,
"of believers, but John uses the former only. See note 2 in the
book comments for John.
believe = [are] believing. App-150. See note on John
1:7.
on. Greek. eis. App-104.
His name : i.e. Himself. See note on Psalms
20:1.
Which = Who: i.e. those who believe on His name. But antecedent
to any ancient MSS., Irenaeus (A.D. 178), Tertullian (A. n.
208), Augustine (A.D. 395), and other Fathers, read "Who was
begotten" (Singular, not Plural) The "hos" (= Who) agreeing
with "autou" (His name. Greek. onoma autou, name of Him). John
1:14 goes on to speak of the incarnation of Him Who
was not begotten by human generation. The Latin
Codex Veronensis (before Jerome's Vulgate) reads, " Qui... natus
est". Tertullian (De carne Christi, c. 19) says that "believers"
could not be intended in this verse, "since all who believe are
born of blood", &c. He ascribes the reading of the Received text
to the artifice of the Valentinian Gnostics of the second and
third cents.) See Encyl. Brit., eleventh (Camb.) edn., vol. 27,
pp. 852-7.
born = begotten. See note on Matthew
1:2, and App-179.
of = out of, or from. Greek ek. App-104. Not the same word as in
verses: John
7:8, John
7:14, John
7:15, John
7:22, John
7:44, John
7:47.
blood. It is plural (bloods) for emphasis, ace. to Hebrew idiom,
as in 2
Samuel 16:7, 2
Samuel 16:8. Psalms
26:9.
nor = nor yet. Greek. oude.
will. Greek. thelema. App-102.
flesh. A characteristic word of this Gospel. See p. 1511.
man. Greek. aner. App-123.
And, &c. Continuing John
1:13, and showing that John
1:13 also relates to the Word.
was made = became, as in John
1:3.
flesh. See note on John
1:13. The new mode of His being. Put by Figure of
speech Synecdoche (of the Part), App-6, for His humanity.
dwelt = tabernacled. Occurs only here, Revelation
7:15 ; Revelation
12:12 ; Revelation
13:6 ; Revelation
21:3. See App-179.
among. Greek. en. App-104.
and we, &c. For other similar parenthetical remarks
characteristic of this Gospel, See verses: John
1:38, John
1:41, John
1:42, Joh 38:44 ; John
2:9 ; John
2:8, John
2:9, Joh 2:44, Joh 2:45 ; John
5:2 ; John
6:10, John
6:23 ; John
7:2, John
7:39, John
7:50 ; John
9:7 ; John
11:2 ; John
19:31 ; John
21:7, John
21:8.
beheld. Greek. theaomai. App-133. Not the same word as in
verses: John
1:29, John
1:36, John
1:42, Joh 29:47. Compare Luke
9:32. 2Pe 1:16. 1
John 1:1 ; 1
John 4:14.
glory. The Shekinah. See Luke
9:32. 2
Peter 1:17. Greek. doxa. One of the characteristic
words of this Gospel.
the glory = glory. No Art. Note the Figure of
speech Anadiplosis, App-6.
as of = exactly like.
the only begotten = an only begotten [Son]. As applied to Christ
it Occurs only here, John
1:18 ; John
3:16, John
3:18 ; 1
John 4:9. But it is used of an earthly relationship
in Luke
7:12 ; Luke
8:42 ; Luke
9:38. Hebrews
11:17. Septuagint for "only One", Psalms
25:16. See note there.
of = from beside: i.e. (sent) from beside. Greek. para. App-104.
Not the same word as in verses: John
1:13, John
1:15, John
1:16, John
13:22, John
13:34, John
13:35, Joh 13:40, Joh 13:44, Joh 13:47.
Father. See App-98. A characteristic word of this Gospel. Occurs
121 times.
full = abounding in.
grace and truth. A Hebraism for the sum of Divine revelation.
Hebrew. chesed vehemeth. See Genesis
24:27 ; Genesis
32:10. Exodus
34:6. Psalms
40:10, Psalms
40:11 ; Psalms
61:7.
truth. A characteristic word of this Gospel.
cried = hath cried aloud. was. As in John
1:1.
after me. In the order of ministry.
is preferred before me = had being before me (as to time).
for = because.
before me = first: i.e. (already) before me.
And. The texts read "For", but not the Syriac.
fulness. Greek pleroma.
all the. The Evangelist speaks here, not the Baptist.
grace for grace = grace in place of grace; new grace,
continuous, and unintermitted. Ever fresh grace according to the
need.
for = over against. Greek anti. App-104.
Moses. The first of 13 occurances in John (John
1:17, John
1:45 ; John
3:14 ; John
5:45, John
5:46 ; John
6:32 ; John
7:19, John
7:22, John
7:22, John
7:23 ; John
8:5 ; John
9:28, John
9:29 ). grace and truth. In the days of Moses there
was grace (Ex. Joh 34:6, Joh 34:7 ), and the law itself was an
exhibition of truth; but when Jesus Christ came, He was Himself
the Truth, i.e. the very personification of truth (14. 6), and
His life and death were the supreme manifestation of grace.
Jesus Christ. See App-98. d
No man : i.e. no human eye. Greek. oudeis. Compound
of ou. App-105.
hath seen. Greek horao. App-133.
the only begotten Son. Lm. Tr. WI. Rm., with the Syriac, read
"God (i.e. Christ) only begotten". The readings vary between YC
and OC.
Which is = He Who is: like "was" in John
1:1.
in = into. Greek. eis. App-104. This expresses a continued
relationship.
bosom. Figure of speech Anthropopatheia. App-6. Compare John
13:23 ; John
21:20.
he = That One.
hath declared = revealed. Greek exegeomai = to lead the way,
make known by expounding. Hence Eng. "exegesis". Only here, Luke
24:35.Acts
10:8 ;.
record witness. Greek. marturia. See note on John
1:7,
the Jews. A characteristic expression of this Gospel see note on
p. 1511), pointing to the consequences of their rejection of
Messiah, when they would be Lo Ammi (= not My People): no longer
regarded as "Israel", but as "Jews", the name given them by
Gentiles.
sent = deputed. App-174.
from = out of. Greek. ek. App-104.
ask. Greek. erotao. App-134.
and denied not. Figure of speech Pleonasm ( App-6 ), for
emphasis.
denied. Greek arneomai. In John only here, and John
18:25, John
18:27.
but = and.
the Christ = the Messiah. App-98.
What then? = What then [are we to say]?
Elias = Elijah. Referring to Malachi
4:5.
that prophet = the prophet. Referring to Deuteronomy
18:18, Compare Acts
3:22, Acts
3:23.
No. Greek. ou. App-105.
sent. Greek. pempo. See App-174. A characteristic word in this
Gospel. See note on p. 1511.
I am, &c. Quoting from Isaiah
40:3. See App-107.
the = a.
the LORD. App-98.
Esaias = Isaiah. The first of four occurances of his name in
John; and this from the latter part of Isaiah, which modern
critics say Isaiah did not write. But see the Structure in the
Isaiah book comments, and App-79.
were = had been.
Pharisees. App-120.
baptizest... ? App-115. They expected baptism, from Eze 86:25.
if. App-118.
baptize with. App-115.
know. Greek. oida. App-132. A characteristic
word of this Gospel. See p. 1511.
Whose shoe's latchet = the thong of whose sandal.
latchet = a little lace, or thong. O. Fr, lacet, a lace; dim.
of lags, from Latin. laqueus.
Bethabara. All the texts read Bethania (with the Syriac)
Identified by Conder and Wilson with Makht-Ababarah, near
Jericho. Not uncommon then or now for two or more places to have
the same name. See on John
11:3.
seeth. Greek. blepo. App-133.
Jesus. App-98.
unto. Greek. pros. App-104.
Behold. Greek. ide. App-133. Sing Addressed to the whole
company. the Lamb of God. Referring to "the Lamb" spoken of in Isaiah
53:7, with possible reference to the approaching
Passover. This was the title of our Lord for that dispensation.
Lamb. Greek amnos. Occurs only here, John
1:36 ; Act 8:32 ; 1
Peter 1:19. See John
21:15, where it is arnion, which occurs in Revelation
twenty-eight times of the Lord, once of the false prophet (John
13:11 ).
of = provided by. See Genesis
22:8 and App-17.
taketh away = taketh [on Himself to bear] away.
Greek airo. Compare Matthew
4:6 (first occurance)
sin. Singular. App-128.
of. All the texts read huper ( App-104 ), instead of peri
( App-104 ).
I said. See verses: John
1:15, John
1:27.
made manifest. Greek. phaneroo. App-106.
therefore = on account of this Greek. dia ( App-104.John
1:1; John
1:1 ). The purpose should be well noted. Compare Romans
15:8.
bare record = bare witness. Compare John
1:19, and see note on John
1:7.
saw = have beheld. Greek. theaomai. App-133.
the Spirit. See App-101.
heaves. Singular, without Art. See note on Matthew
6:9, Matthew
6:10.
like = as it were.
abode. One of the characteristic words of John's Gospel and
Epistles. See list and note 1 in the book comments for John.
upon. Greek. epi. App-104.
see. Greek. eidon. App-133.
remaining. Greek. meno, John
1:32.
on = upon, as in John
1:32.
the Holy Ghost = holy spirit. Greek. pneuma hagion. No articles.
See App-101.
I saw = I have seen. Greek. horao. App-133.
bare record = have borne witness.
the Son of God. App-98.
stood = was standing.
two. One being Andrew (John
1:40 ), the other probably John (the Evangelist), as
he never mentions himself.
looking upon = having fixed his gaze on.
Greek. emblepo. App-133. Occurs in John only here, and John
1:42.
walked = was walking about.
speak = speaking. Greek. laleo.
turned and = having turned.
Rabbi. App-98.
interpreted. Greek. herreneuo. Occurs only here, John
1:42 ; John
9:7. Hebrews
7:2.
Master = Teacher. App-98. John
1:1.
dwellest = abidest. Greek. meno, as in John
1:32.
see. Greek eidon. App-133., but all the texts read "Ye shall
see". Greek. horao. App-133.
with. Greek. para. App-104.
the tenth hour : i.e. of the day, according to Hebrew reckoning.
The context must decide whether of the night or day. Here,
therefore, 4pm. (Compare the other hours in John: here: John
4:6, John
4:52 ; John
11:9 ; John
19:14. See App-165 ).
heard John speak = heard (this) from (Greek. pare. App-104.)
John.
Andrew, Simon. See App-141.
he = This one.
first findeth. Andrew is the first to find his brother, and
afterwards John finds his. The Latin Version (Cod. Vercellensis,
Cent. 4) must have read Greek. prof = early [in the morning];
not protos, as in the Rec. text. Not primum = first, as in the
Vulgate.
the Messias = the Messiah. App-98. Occurs only here, and John
4:25.
brought = led. Greek. apo to. Greek. pros. App-104.
Jona. Aramaic for John. App-94. Cephas. Aramaic. Occurs only in 1
Corinthians 1:12 ; 1
Corinthians 3:22 ; 1Co 9:5 ; 1
Corinthians 15:5.Galatians
1:2, Galatians
1:9.
A stone = Peter = Greek. Petros. See note on Matthew
16:18.
The day following. The last of these four days of John's
ministry. (Compare verses: John
1:19, John
1:29, John
1:35, Joh 19:43.)
would = desired to. Greek. thelo. App-102.
Galilee. See App-169.
Philip. App-141.
of = from. Greek. apo. App-104.
the city. Greek. out of (Greek. ek. App-104.) the city.
Nathanael = the gift of God. Hebrew. Nethane'el
; as in Num 1:8. 1
Chronicles 2:14. Generally identified with
Bartholomew (Aramaic. App-94.)
Law... Prophets. See notes on Luke
24:44.
did write = wrote. See App-47. Nazareth. App-169.
the son of Joseph. The words are Philip's, and expressed the
popular belief. Compare App-99.
Can there any, &c. Figure of speech Parcemia.
out of. Greek. ek. App-104.
Israelite : i.e. not a "Jacob". See notes on Genesis
32:28.
indeed = truly. Greek alethos. Adverb of No. 1, App-175.
answered and said. Hebrew idiom. See Deuteronomy
1:41. App-122.
Before. Greek. pro. App-104.
under. Greek. hupo. App-104.
the King of Israel. Thus proclaiming the Person of the Lord, in
connexion with the Kingdom.
under = down beneath. Not the same word as in John
1:48.
believest. App-160. See John
1:7.
see. App-133.
Verily, verily. See note on Matthew
5:18. In John always double. Figure of
speech Epizeuxis ( App-6 ), for emphasis, twenty-five times
(here, John
3:3, John
3:5, John
3:11 ; John
5:19, John
5:24, John
5:25 ; John
6:26, John
6:32, John
6:47, John
6:53 ; John
8:34, John
8:51, John
8:58 ; John
10:1, John
10:7 ; John
12:24 ; John
13:16, John
13:20, John
13:21, John
13:38 ; John
14:12 ; John
16:20, John
16:23 ; John
21:18 ). See note 3 in the book comments for John.
Hereafter = From henceforth. But omitted by all the texts (not
the Syriac) It was conditional on the repentance of the nation,
and will yet be seen.
heaven = the heaven. Singular, with Art. See note on Matthew
6:9, Matthew
6:10.
the Son of man. The first occurance in John. App-98 and App-99.
Chapter 2
Verse 1
the third day. Of this first week: i.e. the third day after the
last event (John
1:4-51 ), i.e. the seventh day. Compare the 1st (John
1:19-28 ); 2nd (29-34); 3rd (John
1:35-42 ); 4th (John
1:43-51 ). In Genesis, after six days there comes a
marriage.
was = took place.
marriage = marriage feast, as in Matthew
22:2, &c. Sometimes lasting a week.
in. Greek en. App-104.
Cana of Galilee. Now Kefr Kenna, on the road from Nazareth to
Tiberias. So called to distinguish it from Cana in Asher.
Jesus. App-98.
was there : i.e. was already there when the Lord arrived.
Verse 2
called = invited.
disciples. Probably six in number: viz. Andrew, Simon, Philip,
Nathanael (John
1:40-51 ), with James and John (Mark
1:16-20 ). See App-141.
to. Greek. eis. App-104.
Verse 3
when, &c. = when wine failed. Quite a serious calamity.
wine. Greek. oinos. The only word for wine in the N.T.
Septuagint for Hebrew. yayin. App-27. (Also for Tirash ( App-27
) in Genesis
27:28. Judges
9:13.Joel
1:10; Joel
1:10 ).
the mother of Jesus. Never called Mary in this Gospel. She
became John's "mother" (John
19:26, John
19:27 ),
unto. Greek. pros. App-104.
Verse 4
Woman. Quite a respectful form of address. Not as in Eng. In
Greek authors = Madam. what, &c. A Hebraism (2
Samuel 16:10 ).
Mine hour, &c. Marking a crisis, which is noted in John
2:11. A characteristic expression in this Gospel. See
note on John
7:6.
Verse 5
servants = free servants. Greek. diakonos. Compare Matthew
20:26. Mark
9:35.
Whatsoever, &c. Mary's last-recorded words.
Verse 6
six waterpots. See App-176.
waterpots = jars. Occurs only here, John
2:7, and John
4:28.
after the manner, &c. Proportioned to the number of the guests.
after = according to. Greek kata. App-104. the Jews. See note
on John
1:19.
firkins. See App-51.
Verse 7
Fill. The first sign. Note "Cast", John
21:6, and see the
Structure in App-176.
with. Greek. idiom. See note, on App-101.
Verse 8
Draw out. Greek. antleo. Occurs only here, John
2:9 ; John
4:7, John
4:15.
governor, &c. Occurs only here, and John
2:9. See Genesis
24:13, Genesis
24:20.
Verse 9
ruler, &c. Same word as "governor", &c.
was made = had become.
knew. Greek. oida. App-132. See note on John
1:26. Not the same word as in verses: John
2:24, John
2:25.
not. Greek. ou. App-105.
but, &c. See note on "and we", &c., John
1:14.
drew = had drawn.
Verse 10
Every man, &c. This is man's way: i.e. to give the good thing
first, and the worse thing after. God's way is always the
opposite. See note on Exodus
15:2.
man. Greek. anthropos. App-123.
well drunk = drunk freely.
worse = inferior.
Verse 11
beginning, &c. Our attention is thus called to the order.
miracles = the signs. A characteristic word in this Gospel. See
p. 1511, and App-176.
manifested forth. See App-106. Compare John
21:1, John
21:14.
His glory. This is the key to the signification of the eight
signs of this Gospel ( App-176 ). See note on John
1:14.
disciples believed, &c. Compare verses: John
2:17, John
2:22. Four hundred and fifty years since the Jews had
seen a miracle. The last was in Daniel
6:0.
believed on. See App-150. See note on John
1:7.
Verse 12
After. Greek. meta. App-104.
down. True geographically. Compare "up", John
2:13.
Capernaum. Now Tell Hum.
and. Note the Figure of speech Polysyndeton. App-6.
continued. Greek. meno. See note on John
1:32, and p. 1511.
Verse 13
the Jews' passover. After the revival under Ezra and Nehemiah
corruption proceeded apace (see notes on p. 1296), and the Lord
found the nation as described in Malachi. Hence, what were once
"the feasts of Jehovah" are spoken of as what they had then
become, "feasts of the Jews" (John
5:1 ; John
6:4 ; John
7:2 ; John
11:55 ; John
19:42 ). See note on John
1:19,
passover. Greek. pascha, Aramaic. See App-94.
went up. Greek. anabaino, same word as "ascending", John
1:51 Compare "down", John
2:12.
Verse 14
temple. Greek. hieron. See note on Matthew
23:16. those. Denoting a class.
changers of money. Greek. Plural of kermatistes. Occurs only
here.
Verse 15
made a scourge = plaited a whip. Occurs only here.
of = from. Greek. ek. App-104. Not the same word as in verses: John
21:25.
small cords = rush-ropes. Greek. schoinion. Only here and in Acts
27:32.
drove... out = cast out. Not the same event as in Matthew
21:12, Matthew
21:13.Mark
11:15, Mark
11:16. Luke
19:45, Luke
19:46.
them all = all: i.e. the animals, both the sheep and the oxen
and the sellers.
and = both,
changers. Greek. kollubistes (from kollubes, a small coin).
Occurs only here.
money = small coin. Greek. Plural of kerma. Occurs only here.
Verse 16
not. Greek. me. App-105. Not the same word as in verses: John
2:2, John
2:9, John
2:12, John
2:24, John
2:25.
My Father's house. This was at the beginning of His ministry. At
the end He called it "your house" (Matthew
23:38 ).
My Father's. A characteristic expression in this gospel. Occurs
thirty-five times. See p. 1511.
merchandise. Greek. emporion = market-place (not emporia, which
= the traffic itself). On the later occasion the words naturally
differ. Compare Matthew
22:5.
Verse 17
it was written = it is (or standeth) written. Compare John
6:31, John
6:45 ; John
8:17 ; John
10:34 ; John
12:14. The zeal, &c. Quoted from Psalms
69:9. See the rest of the verse in Romans
15:3, and other parts of the Psa. in John
15:25 (John
2:4 ); John
19:28 (John
2:21 ). Romans
11:9, Romans
11:10 (John
2:22 ). Acts
1:20 (John
2:25 ). See App-107. of. Genitive of' Relation.
App-17. Compare John
3:3.
Verse 18
answered... said. See note on Deuteronomy
1:41 and App-122.
sign. Same as "miracle", John
2:11.
seeing, &c. Supply the Ellipsis ( App-6 ) = "What sign shewest
thou to us [that Thou art the Messiah], seeing that Thou doest
these things? "
Verse 19
Destroy, &c. The Lord's enemies remembered His words, and
perverted them: saying, "I will destroy", &c. See Matthew
26:61 ; Mark
14:58.
this. See on Matthew
16:18.
Temple. Greek. naos. See note on Matthew
23:16.
raise... up. Greek. egeiro. App-178.
Verse 20
Forty and six years. Begun B.C. 20. See Josephus, Wars, I. xxi.
1.
rear = raise.
Verse 21
But He spake, &c. Figure of speech Epitrechon ( App-6 ). For
other examples, See John
7:39 ; John
12:33 ; John
21:19.
he. Greek. ekeinos. Emph. in contrast with "thou" in John
2:20. See note on John
1:18.
spake = was speaking. Greek. lego of -se concerning.
Greek. peri. App-104.
of = that is to say. Genitive of Apposition. App-17.
Verse 22
from = out from. Greek. ek. App-104.
the dead. No Article = dead people. See note on Matthew
17:9, and App-139.
remembered. Compare John
2:17. They remembered it after His resurrection, and
believed it. Contrast His enemies. See note on John
2:19.
said = spake. Greek. lego, as in John
2:21.
believed. App-150. See note on John
1:7.
the scripture: i.e. that the scripture was true. Here,
probably, Psalms
16:10. The word graphe Occurs twelve times in John:
here; John
5:39 ; John
7:38, John
7:42 ; John
10:35 ; John
13:18 ; John
17:12 ; John
19:24, John
19:28, John
19:36, John
19:37 ; John
20:9.
word. Greek. logos. See on Mark
9:32.
said. Greek. epo.
Verse 23
Now when, &c. Note the Figure of speech Pleonasm ( App-6 ) in
the triple definitions (for emph.)
at = in. Greek. en. App-104.
believed in. See App-150. Same as John
2:11, denoting a definite act.
in. Greek. eis. App-104.
His name = Him (emph.) See note on Psalms
20:1.
when they saw = beholding. Greek theoreo. App-133.
did = was doing.
Verse 24
But Jesus : i.e. But Jesus [for His part].
commit = trust. Same word as "believed "in John
2:23, but not the same tense. Here it denotes a
continual action or habit. Greek pisteuo. App-150. See note on John
1:7.
because. Greek. dia. App-104.John
2:2.
He = He Himself.
knew. Greek. ginosko. App-182. See note on John
1:10.
Verse 25
testify = bear witness. See note on John
1:7.
what was in man. This attribute elsewhere attributed only to
Jehovah (Jeremiah
17:10 ; Jeremiah
20:12 ). Here this knowledge was universal ("all", John
2:24 ), and individual ("man ").
Chapter 3
Verse 1
There was = Now there was.
a man. With special reference to the last word of John
2:0.
man. Greek. anthropos. App-123.
of. Greek. ek. App-104.
Pharisees. App-120.
Nicodemus. Mentioned three times (here, 1, 4, 9; John
7:50 ; John
19:39 ). Rabbinical tradition makes him one of the
three richest men in Jerusalem. See Lightfoot, vol. xii, p. 252.
ruler. A member of the Sanhedrin, or National Council. See on Matthew
5:22.
Verse 2
to. Greek. pros. App-104.
Jesus. App-98.
by night. See John
7:50 ; John
19:39.
Rabbi. App-98.
know. Greek. oida. App-132.
teacher. Compare John
3:10. Greek. didaskalos. App-98. John
3:4.
come from God. Render: "Thou art come from God as Teacher".
from. Greek. apo. App-104.
God. App-98.
no man = no one. Compound of ou. App-105.
miracles = signs. See note on John
2:11.
doest = art doing.
except = if... not. Greek. ean me. App-118 and App-105.
with. Greek. meta. App-104.
Verse 3
answered and said. A Hebraism. See note on Deuteronomy
1:41. App-122.
Verily, verily. See note on John
1:51.
a man = any one.
born = begotten. See note on Matthew
1:2.
again = from above. Greek. anothen = from above: i.e. by Divine
power, as in John
3:31 ; John
19:11, John
19:23.Matthew
27:51.Mark
15:38. Luke
1:3.James
1:17 ; James
3:15, James
3:17. The Talmud uses this figure, as applied to
proselytes.
cannot = is not (Greek. ou. App-105 ) able to.
see. Greek. eidon. App-133.
the kingdom of God. App-114. Occurs in John only here and in John
3:5.
Verse 4
unto. Greek. pros. App-104.
How... ? Note other such questions, John
4:9. 1
Corinthians 15:35. All answered by "the gift of God
"(John
3:16 ; John
4:10. 1
Corinthians 15:38 ). The question implies a negative
answer,
be born. Nicodemus misunderstands, and uses the Verb gennao of
the mother. The Lord uses it of the Father, as
meaning begetting.
old. Applying it to his own case.
into. Greek. eis. App-104.
Verse 5
of water, &c. = of water and spirit. No Art. Figure of
speech Hendiadys ( App-6 ). Not two things, but one, by which
the latter Noun becomes a superlative and emphatic Adjective,
determining the meaning and nature of the former Noun, showing
that one to be spiritual water: i.e. not water but spirit. It is
to be rendered "of water-yea, spiritual water". Compare Ephesians
5:26, and See John
7:38, John
7:39 and Ezekiel
36:25-27 for the "earthly things" of John
3:12.
enter. Showing what the Lord meant by "see", in John
3:3.
Verse 6
That which is born = That (Neuter) which has been begotten. Note
the difference between this Perfect here and in John
3:8 and the Aorists in verses: John
3:3, John
3:3, John
3:4, John
3:5, John
3:7.
flesh. See note on John
1:13.
the Spirit : the Holy Spirit (with Art.) See App-101.
is spirit. This is a fundamental law, both in nature and grace.
Verse 7
not. Greek. me App-105.
Verse 8
The wind = The Spirit. The word pneuma, Occurs 385 times, and is
rendered "wind" only here. It should be translated Spirit, as at
end of verse. "Wind" is anemos. Occurs 31 times, and is always
so rendered.
bloweth = breatheth.
it listeth = He willeth. App-102. The
Eng. "listeth" is Old Eng. for Anglo-Saxon lusteth; i.e.
pleaseth or desireth.
the sound thereof = His voice.
canst not tell = knowest not. Greek. oida. App-132.
not. Greek. ou. App-105.
is born = has been begotten, as in John
3:6.
the Spirit : completing the Figure of speech Epanadiplosis (
App-6 ),
converting this verse into a most solemn and independent
statement of facts.
Verse 9
these things. See Jeremiah
31:33 ; Jeremiah
32:39. Ezekiel
11:19 ; Ezekiel
18:31 ; Ezekiel
36:25-27. Psalms
51:10.
be = come to pass. Reference to John
3:4.
Verse 10
Art thou... ? or Thou art, &c. Not irony.
a master = the (famous) teacher; referring to his official
position. Greek. didaskalos. See App-98. John
3:4.
knowest not = hast not got to know; or perceivest not.
Greek. ginosko. App-132. See note on John
1:10.
Verse 11
testify = bear witness to. Greek. martureo. See notes on John
1:7 and p. 1511.
seen. Greek horao. App-133. Compare John
1:18 ; John
14:7, John
14:9.
ye : i.e. ye teachers of Israel. witness. See note on John
1:7.
Verse 12
If Ihave. Assuming it as a fact. App-118.
earthly things. Eze 36:25-27. 1
Corinthians 15:40. Colossians
3:2. 2
Corinthians 5:1.Philippians
1:2, Philippians
1:10 ; Philippians
3:19.
believe. App-150. i. See note on John
1:7.
if I tell. Supposing I tell. App-118.
heavenly = Plural of epouranios. Occurs only here and Matthew
18:35 in the Gospels. See Ephesians
1:3, Ephesians
1:20 ; Ephesians
2:6 ; Ephesians
3:10 ; Ephesians
6:12.Philippians
2:10, &c.
Verse 13
And, &c. The kai (= And) here is a Hebraism, and does not mark
the actual transition. There is nothing whatever in the context
to show where the Paragraph breaks should be in this chapter;
either in the MSS., or in the Versions. The Authorized Version
varies in its different editions. The Authorized Version text in
the Revised Version Parallel Bible has a at John
3:14 and John
3:16. The Camb. Paragraph Bible (Dr. Scrivener) has
no break either at verses: John
3:3, John
3:14 or 16. The Revised Version has a break only at John
3:16, with WI and Scrivener's Greek Text. The
Companion Bible makes the important break at John
3:13, (1) because the Past Tenses which follow
indicate completed events; (2) because the expression "only
begotten Son "is not used b y the Lord of Himself; but only by
the Evangelist (John
1:14, John
1:18 ; John
3:16, John
3:18 ; 1
John 4:9 ); (3) because "in the name of" (John
3:18 ) is not used by the Lord, but by the Evangelist
(John
1:12 ; John
2:23. 1
John 5:13 ); (4) because to do the truth (John
3:21 ) Occurs elsewhere only in 1
John 1:6 ; (5) because "Who is in heaven "(John
3:13 ) points to the fact that the Lord had already
ascended at the time John wrote; (6) because the word "lifted
up" refers both to the "sufferings ' (John
3:14 ; John
8:28 ; John
12:32, John
12:34 ) and to "the glory which should follow" (John
8:28 ; John
12:32.Acts
2:33 ; Acts
5:31 ); and (7) because the break at John
3:13 accords best with the context, as shown by the
Structure B, above.
hath ascended = hath gone up (of himself). It does not say:
"hath been taken up by God, "as Enoch and Elijah. But Christ had
"gone up" when the Evangelist wrote these words. ascended.
Greek. anabaino. As in John
1:51, John
2:13 ; John
5:1 ; John
7:8, &c. Matthew
20:17. Mark
6:51.Romans
10:6.
to = into. Greek. eis. App-104. Compare Deuteronomy
30:12.Proverbs
30:4.Acts
2:34.Romans
10:6. Ephesians
4:10.
heaven = the heaven. See note on Matthew
6:9, Matthew
6:10.
but = except, literal. if not. Greek. ei me.
came down. Greek katabaino. The opposite of "gone up".
from = out of. Greek. ek. App-104. Not the same word as in John
3:2.
the Son of Man. See App-98.
Which is, &c = Who is, &c., and was there when John wrote. This
clause is in the Syriac, but is omitted by WI, and put by
Revised Version in the margin. Omit "even".
in. Greek. en. App-104.
Verse 14
as = even as. Reference to Numbers
21:9.
Moses. See note on John
1:17 and Matthew
8:4.
must = it behoved to, in order to fulfil the prophetic
Scripture. See Luke
24:26, Luke
24:46. Acts
3:18 ; Acts
17:3, and compare Hebrews
2:9, Hebrews
2:10.
be lifted up. See note on John
3:13.
Verse 15
whosoever = every one who. As here defined. believeth in. See
App-150. (See note on John
1:7.) L reads epi; Lm T Tr. A WI and R read en. but
have. Figure of speech Pleonasm ( App-6 ), for emph. The phrases
"bath", "have eternal life", are the usual expressions in this
Gospel for "live for ever "( App-151. a). Compare verses: John
3:16, John
3:36 ; John
5:24 ; John
6:40, John
6:47, Joh 6:54 ; 1
John 3:15 ; 1
John 3:5, 1
John 3:11.
eternal. Greek. aionios. App-151. i: i.e. in Him. Compare 1
John 5:12.
life. See note on John
1:4. App-170.
Verse 16
loved. Greek agapao. App-135. A word characteristic of this
Gospel. See p. 1511.
world. Greek. kosmos. App-129. See note on John
1:9. only, &c. See John
1:14.
Son. App-108.
everlasting. Same as "eternal" in John
3:15. See App-151.
Verse 17
sent. Greek. apostello. App-174.
to condemn = to judge. Greek krino. App-122. A characteristic
word of this Gospel. See note on p. 1511.
through. Greek. dia. App-104.John
3:1.
Verse 18
the name : i.e. Him. See note on Psalms
20:1.
Son of God. See App-98.
Verse 19
this is = this is what it consists in; viz:
condemnation = judging: i.e. the process rather than the result.
Greek. krisis. App-177.
light = the light. App-130. See note on John
1:4.
men = the men. As a class. App-123.
darkness = the darkness.
deeds = works. Plural of ergon. A characteristic word of this
Gospel. See note on p. 1511.
evil. Greek. poneros = active evil. App-128.
Verse 20
doeth = practises, or (habitually) does. Greek. prasso
evil. Greek. phaulos = worthless, base. Occurs only here; John
5:29. Titus
2:8. James
3:16, in Rec. Text, but in Romans
9:11. 2
Corinthians 5:10, in most texts for kakos. Here,
plural worthless things.
neither = and... not. Greek. ou. App-105.
reproved = brought home to him. Compare John
16:8 (convince).
Verse 21
doeth. Actively produces, having regard to the object and end of
the action. Greek. poieo. Compare the two
verbs, prasso and poieo, in a similar connexion in John
6:29.
truth = the truth. Greek aletheia. App-175. A characteristic
word of this Gospel. See note on John
1:14.
made manifest. Greek phaneroo. App-106.
are = have been, and still continue to be.
wrought in God : i.e. in His fear, or in His strength.
Verse 22
After = After (Greek. meta. App-104.) these things. A note of
time, frequent in John. See John
21:1.
the land of Judaea : literally the Judan land. Phrasehere.
land. Greek. ge. App-129.
baptized = was (engaged in) baptizing. See John
4:2 and App-115.
Verse 23
AEnon = Springs. Now Farah. The springs near Umm al `Amdan, 7.5
miles below Beisan.
Salim. Still so called; east of Shechem.
much water = many waters (i.e. springs).
Verse 24
was = had been.
not yet. Greek. oupo, compound of ou.
prison = the prison. Compare Matthew
4:12.
Verse 25
Then = Therefore: i.e. on account of the facts stated in
verses: John
3:22-24.
question = questioning.
between some of = [on the part] of. Greek ek. App-104.
and = with. Greek. meta. App-104. the Jews. All the texts read
"a Jew". Greek. Ioudaion, with Syriac. But it has been suggested
that Iou was the primitive abbreviation for Iesou (= of Jesus),
and being repeated (by inadvertence) led to the
reading Iou[daion] (= a Jew). This would agree better with
verses: John
3:22-24 ; with "Therefore" in John
3:26, and with the action of John's disciples, and
John's answer. See the Structure H2 above.
about = concerning. Greek. peri. App-104.
purifying = purification. Compare John
2:6. Luke
2:22 ; Luke
5:14.
Verse 26
barest witness = hast borne witness. See note on John
1:7.
behold. Greek ide. App-133. Figure of speech Asterismos. App-6.
all. This was the gravamen.
Verse 27
receive = take [upon himself].
nothing. Greek. ou ouden. A double negative.
be given = have been given.
Verse 28
the Christ = the Messiah. App-98.
sent. App-174.
Verse 29
the friend, &c. He played a very important part in the wedding
ceremonies.
rejoiceth greatly. Figure of speech Polyptoton ( App-6 ).
Greek. chara chairei = joyeth with joy.
because of. Greek. dia. App-104.John
3:2.
Verse 31
from above. Greek anothen, same as "again" in John
3:3. earth. Greek. ge. App-129.
earthly = of the earth.
Verse 32
heard. Not "hath heard".
testimony. Greek. marturia. See note on "witness", John
1:7.
Verse 33
true. App-175. A characteristic word of this Gospel. See p.
1611.
Verse 34
words. Greek. Plural of rhema. See note on Mark
9:32.
for God, &c. Greek."for the Spirit giveth not [the words of God]
by measure [unto Him]".
God. [L] T [Tr. ] A WH R., not Syriac, omit "God" here.
the Spirit. With Art. the Giver, not the gift. App-101. This was
by measure unto John, but not unto the Lord. Compare John
15:26 ; Matthew
11:27. What John saw and heard was limited (verses: John
3:27-30 ).
by. Greek. ek. App-104.
Verse 35
The Father. See note on John
1:14,
into. Greek en. App-104.
Verse 36
believeth not = obeyeth not. Greek. apeitheo. Compare App-150.
See note on John
1:7. Only here in John.
shall not see = will not see. Note the future here, in contrast
with "hath".
see. App-183.
wrath = [permanent] wrath. Greek orge; as in Matthew
3:7. Luke
3:7 ; 1
Thessalonians 2:16, &c. Not thumos, which =
[temporary] wrath.
abideth. Present tense. See note on John
1:32.
on = upon. Greek. epi. App-104.
Chapter 4
Verse 1
therefore. See John
3:22.
the Lord. App-98. B.C. For the occurances of this absolute title
in John, see John
6:23 ; John
11:2 ; John
20:20 ; and Compare John
20:2, John
20:13, John
20:18, John
20:25 ; John
21:7.
knew = came to know. Greek ginosko. App-132. See note on John
1:10. Compare John
2:24.
Pharisees. App-120. (John never refers to the Sadducees by
name).
Jesus. App-98.
made, &c. = is making and baptizing.
baptized. App-115.
Verse 2
Though = And yet.
baptized. It was not the practice of Jesus to baptize. Imperf.
Tense.
not. Greek. ou. App-105. Compare John
3:22.
Verse 3
again. See John
1:43.
into. Greek. eis. App-104.
Galilee. See App-169.
Verse 4
He must needs = it was necessary [for] Him. See
Josephus, Life, 52. Antiquities xx. vi. 1. A necessity not only
geographical, but including the Divine counsels.
go = pass. Greek. dierchomai. Compare John
8:59.
through. Greek dia. App-104.John
4:1.
Verse 5
Then = Therefore.
to. Greek. eis. App-104.
Sychar. Now 'Askar. A village on the slope of Mount Ebal and
north of Jacob's well.
parcel of ground = field or land.
that Jacob gave. Compare Genesis
33:19 ; Genesis
48:22.Joshua
24:32.
Verse 6
Jacob's well. Compare Genesis
49:22.
well = spring. Greek. pege. Not the same word as in verses: John
4:11, John
4:12, but as in John
4:14.
with = from. Greek. ek. App-104.
sat = was sitting.
on : or by. Greek. epi. App-104. Compare John
5:2.
the sixth hour. Of the day, i.e. noon. See on John
1:39, and App-165.
Verse 7
of = out of. Greek. ek. App-104.
Give Me, &c. The first word. Note the seven ( App-10 ) times the
Lord spoke to the woman, and the gradual ascent to the final
declaration in John
4:26.
Verse 8
For, &c. See note on John
4:34.
unto. Greek. eis. App-104.
to = in order that (Greek. hina) they might.
meat. Put by Figure of speech Synecdoche (of the Species), App-6
for all kinds of food.
Verse 9
How, &c. See note on John
3:4.
askest. Greek. aiteo. App-134. 4, as in John
4:10.
of = from. Greek. para. App-104.
which am = being.
the Jews... the. No articles.
have... dealings = have... familiar intercourse.
Greek. sunchraomai. Occurs only here.
no. Greek. ou. App-105.
Verse 10
answered and said. A Hebraism. See Deuteronomy
1:41 and App-122.
If thou, &c. Assuming the hypothesis as a fact. App-118.
knewest = hadst known. Greek. oida. App-132. See note on John
1:26.
the gift. See note on "How", John
3:4. Greek. dorea. Occurs only here in the Gospels,
elsewhere only in Acts
2:38 ; Acts
8:20 ; Acts
10:45 ; Acts
11:17. Romans
5:15, Rom 5:17. 2
Corinthians 9:15.Ephesians
3:7 ; Ephesians
4:7. Hebrews
6:4. Note the eight gifts in this Gospel (John
4:10 ; John
10:11 ; John
13:15 ; John
14:16, John
14:27 ; John
17:8, John
17:14, John
17:22 ).
living : i.e. perennial, unfailing. Understood by all Jews,
from Jeremiah
2:13 ; Jeremiah
17:13.Zechariah
14:8. Greek. zao, a word characteristic of this
Gospel. See note on p. 1511.
Verse 11
Sir. App-98.
well = a well dug out. Not the same word as in verses: John
4:6, John
4:14. deep. In 1869 it was 105 feet, and had 15 feet
of water.
Verse 12
Art thou, &c., or Surely Thou art not ( App-105 ).
thereof = out of (Greek. ek. App-104.) it.
and. Figure of speech Polysyndeton. App-6.
children = sons. App-108.
cattle. Greek. Plural of thremma. Occurs only here.
Verse 13
Whosoever drinketh = Every one who is in the habit of drinking.
shall = will.
Verse 14
whosoever drinketh = he who may have drunk (Greek. an, with
Subjunctive Aor.)
never thirst = by no means (Greek. ou me. App-105 ) thirst for
ever ( App-151 ).
be = become. in. Greek en. App-104.
well = fountain, as in John
4:6. Not as in verses: John
4:11, John
4:12.
springing up = welling up.
everlasting. App-161.
life. See note on John
1:4, and App-170.
Verse 15
unto. Greek pros. App-104.
that. Greek. hina. See John
1:7.
not. Greek me. App-106.
come hither. Some texts read dierchomai (as in John
4:4 ) = come all the way hither (through, or across
the plain).
Verse 16
husband. Greek. aner. App-123.
Verse 17
well. Compare John
8:48 ; John
13:13.Matthew
15:7. Mark
12:32.Luke
20:39.
Verse 18
in. Omit.
truly = true. See note on John
8:33 and App-175.
Verse 19
I perceive. Greek. thebreo. App-133. See The Didache xi. John
4:5 ; and Compare John
4:42 here.
prophet. See App-49.
Verse 20
worshipped. App-137.
this mountain. Gerizim. The well was at its foot. (See Deuteronomy
27:12.)
men ought = it is necessary.
Verse 21
Woman. See on John
2:4.
believe Me. App-150. See note on John
1:7. This formula occurs only here and 14. 11.
neither... nor. Greek. oute... oute.
at. Greek. en. App-104.
the Father. See App-98, and note on John
1:14.
Verse 22
Ye worship... what. See 2
Kings 17:24-34, esp. John
4:33.
salvation = the salvation [which the prophets foretold].
Compare Luke
2:30.
Verse 23
cometh, and now is = is coming, and is now on its way. Its
coming depended on the repentance of the nation, when all the
prophecies would have been fulfilled. See Acts
3:18-26.
true = real. See note on John
1:9. App-175.
worshippers. Greek. proskunetes. Only here.
spirit. App-101.
in. No Preposition with the second "in". truth. App-175. See
note on John
1:14.
Verse 24
God. See App-98., with Art. Contrast John
1:1.
a Spirit = spirit: i.e. not flesh, or material substance. Not
"a" Spirit.
must. Note this absolute condition. Compare John
4:4 ; John
3:7, John
3:14, John
3:30 ; John
9:4 ; John
10:16 ; John
12:34 ; John
20:9, &c.
Verse 25
Messias = Messiah. App-98.
Christ. See App-98.
is come = comes, or shall have come.
tell. Greek. anangello. See John
5:15 ; John
16:13, John
16:14, John
16:15, John
16:25 (shew). Compare App-121
John 5:6.
Verse 26
That speak, &c. = I am [He) Who am speaking, &c. This is the
seventh and last of the Lord's seven utterances, and marks the
climax. See note on John
4:7, and App-176.
speak = am talking.
Verse 27
upon. Greek. epi. App-104.
marvelled. All the texts read "were wondering". Greek. thaumazo. First
occurance Matthew
8:10.
talked = was talking.
with. Greek. meta. App-104.
the woman = a woman. One of six things forbidden to a Rabbi by
the Talmud; and she being a Samaritan caused the greater wonder.
Verse 28
men. Greek. Plural of anthropos. App-123.
Verse 29
see. App-133.
that ever = whatsoever.
is not this? = can this be?
Verse 30
Then. All the texts omit.
out of. Greek. ek. App-104.
came = were coming.
Verse 31
prayed = were asking. Greek. erotao. App-134.
Master. Greek. Rabbi. App-98.
Verse 32
meat. Greek. brosis = eating. Not the same word as in John
4:34.
of. Omit "of".
Verse 33
to. Greek. pros. App-104.
Verse 34
meat. Put by Figure of speech Metonymy (of Species), App-6, for
all kinds of food. Greek. broma. Not the same word as in John
4:33.
to do = in order to do. Emphasizing the object and end, not the
act. Compare Luke
2:49 ; Luke
4:4.
will. App-102.
sent. Greek. pempo. App-174. See note on John
1:22.
finish. Greek. teleioo. A characteristic word of this Gospel;
here, John
5:36 ; John
17:4, John
17:23 ; John
19:28. See p. 1511.
work. A characteristic word of this Gospel, most frequently in
plural. See p. 1511.
Verse 35
Say not ye. Figure of speech Paroemia. App-6.
behold. Greek. idou. App-133. Figure of
speech Asterismos. App-6.
look on. Greek. theaomai. App-133.
already. This does not refer to the present mission field, but
to the then present expectation of national re pentance (on
which the glorious harvest was conditional; by the proclamation
of the kingdom. See App-119.
Verse 36
eternal. App-151.
Verse 37
herein = in (Greek. en) this.
is = i.e. is [exemplified] the true saying.
saying. Greek. logos. See note on Mark
9:32.
One... another. Greek. allos. App-124.
Verse 38
sent. App-174.
other men. Greek. Plural of allos.
laboured = have laboured.
are entered = have entered.
their : i.e. John the Baptist and the Lord.
Verse 39
believed on. App-150. See note on John
1:7.
for = on account of. Greek. dia. App-104.John
4:2.
testified = bore witness. See note on John
1:7.
Verse 40
besought = asked. Greek. erotao. App-134.
tarry. Greek. meno. See note on "abode", John
1:32.
with. Greek. para. App-104.
abode. Greek. meno, as above.
two days. See note on John
4:43.
Verse 41
believed. App-150.
because of. Greek dia. App-104.John
4:2. word. Greek. logos. See note on Mark
9:32.
Verse 42
said = were saying: i.e. as one and another spoke.
not = no longer. Greek. ouketi.
indeed = truly. Compare App-175., and p. 1511.
Christ = All the texts omit "the Christ", but not the Syriac.
See App-94, note 3.
Saviour. In John only here, and 1
John 4:14. See note on Matthew
1:21.
the world. Greek. kosmos. App-129., i.e. of the Gentiles as well
as the Jews. See note on John
1:9.
Verse 43
after two days. See John
11:6, and compare with the Seventh Sign. App-176.
after. Greek. meta. App-104.
two = the two; viz, those mentioned in John
4:40.
Verse 44
For Jesus, &c. Note the parenthetical explanation, and see note
on "and we beheld", John
1:14.
a prophet. Figure of speech Parcemia. App-169.
his own country = h is native place. See John
7:41, John
7:42. Which was Galilee ( App-169 ). The Lord had
proved the truth of this proverb before He went to Cana (from
Nazareth), as recorded in Luke
4:16-30. See App-97. The Lord went and returned
thither, notwithstanding that experience.
Verse 45
received.
Greek. dechgmai. Only
occurance here in John.
seen. Greek. horao. App-183.
Verse 46
again... Cana, &c.
Referring to John
2:1.
made. Not the same word as "made" in John
2:9.
nobleman =
a royal officer. Probably belonging to the court of Herod
Antipas ( App-109 ). Greek. basilikos. Occurs
only here; John
4:49. Acts
12:20, Acts
12:21 ;
and James
2:8.
Capernaum.
App-169.
Verse 47
at the point of death =
about to die. Not the same miracle as that of the centurion's
servant recorded in Matthew
8:5-12 and Luke
7:1-10.
The two miracles differ as to time, place, person, pleading,
plea, disease, the Lord's answer, and the man's faith, as may be
easily seen by comparing the two as to these details.
Verse 48
Except =
If not. Greek ean me.
App-118 and App-105.
signs.
See note on John
2:11.
signs and wonders. See App-176.
not =
in no wise. Greek. ou me. App-105.
Verse 49
ere =
before. See note on Matthew
1:18.
child.
Greek. paidion. App-108.
Verse 50
liveth.
Greek. zao. A word characteristic of this Gospel. See p. 1511,
and compare App-170.
Verse 51
And =
But already.
servants =
bond-servants.
met. Greek apantao, but
all the texts read hupantao.
son =
boy. Greek. pais. App-108.
Then =
Therefore.
when =
in (Greek. en. App-104.)
which.
amend =
get better. Greek. kompsoteron echo. Occurs
only here in N.T.
the seventh hour =
1 o'clock p.m. Compare App-165.
the second miracle =
a second sign. Having thus begun to number the signs in this
Gospel, we may continue to do so, and complete the whole
(eight). See App-176. See note on John
2:11.