Christian Churches of God
[F042]
Insiguro kuri Luka
Intangamarara n’Igice ca 1
(Canditswe 11.5
20220622-20220627)
Insiguro ku Bigabane vya 1-4.
Christian Churches of God
Courriel :
secretary@ccg.org
(Copyright
ã
2022 Wade Cox)
(Tr. 2023)
Izi
nyigisho zishobora gukopororwa no gukwiragizwa
k’ubuntu atakiguzi gisabwe mu gihe atacongeweko
canke atagikuwemwo muri rusangi. Izina
ry’Umwanditsi co kimwe n’ibimuranga hamwe n’uburenganzira
bw’umwanditsi bisaba kugumizwamwo. Nta kiguzi
gisabwa kuri uwo wese ahawe amakopi. Amajambo
magufi arashobora kwandikwa mu gusobanura neza
no kuyasubiramwo
neza mu gihe bitononye uburenganzira
bw’umwanditsi.
Iki cigwa turagisanga ku
buhinga ngurukanabumenyi kuri :
http://logon.org/ na
http://ccg.org/
Insiguro kuri Luka : Intangamarara n’Igice ca 1
[F042]
Turazi ko
Mariko na Luka batsitajwe n’amajambo ya Kristo yerekeye ukurya
umubiri wiwe n’ukunywa amaraso yiwe maze bose baragwa bakaba
basubijwe mu gakiza i Parthie ; Mariko yakiriwe na Petero, i
Babuloni (1Petero 5:13) (F041) ; Luka nawe yafashijwe na Paulo, hoba hari i Antioche (Ivyakozwe
n’Intumwa 13:1). Ubutumwa bwiza bukaba bwandikiwe i Babuloni n’i
Antioche ninaho bwatangarijwe buranakosorerwa. Ubutumwa bwiza
bwa Luka bushobora kuba bwasubiye kwandikirwa i Kayisariya (soma
indanzi ya 14 n’indanzi ya 15
Itanguzwa ry’Ishengero rya bamwe Mirongwirindwi (No. 122D)).
Izina rya
Luka (Lukas) ryagizwe
rigufi canke riragabanywa ubundi bwo yitwa
Lukios. Ribonekana
incuro zitatu mu nyandiko zo mw’Isezerano Risha (Ab’i Kolosayi
4:14 ; 2Timoteyo 4:11 ; Ab’i Filipi 24).
Lukios (Lat. Lucius) iryo naryo ribonekana incuro zibiri
(Ivyakozwe n’Intumwa 13:1 ; Abaroma 16:21). Ahantu hatatu
hambere hatubwira ko Luka yari umuganga yakundwa cane na Paulo,
n’abagendanye na we (sunergos Phil. 24), aho yar’agifungiwe, ngirango i Kayisariya, canke
i Roma. Hariho iciyumviro ko Lucius na Cyrène i Antioche na
Lucius
muvyeyi (suggenes
mu Baroma 16:21) bose ukwo ari babiri n’ivyitegererezo kuri
Luka mu butumwa bwiza no mu Vyakozwe n’Intumwa. Ikoreshwa ry’iyi
mvugo muvyeyi rituma hiyumvirwa ko yoba yari Umuyahudi akaba
atari Luka tuzi, ariko hariho ibindi vyiyumviro kuri iryo jambo,
nk’uko na Petero yakunda gukoresha imvugo ngo
umwana wanje iyo avuze Mariko, mu nyandiko yiwe (1Petero 5:13).
Inyishu isa nk’iyiboneka. Se wa Luka yari umupagani w’i Cyrène
nyina nawe akaba yakomoka mu muryango wa Paulo. Kuza kw’ijambo
"twebwe" mu nyandiko zo mu burengero zo mu Vyakozwe n’Intumwa
11:28, niryaba atari iry’inyamo, rica ryerekana ko Luka
yoba yarikumwe na Paulo i Antioche igihe c’ubuhanuzi bwa Agabo.
Ivyo vyafatwa nk’ivyerekana ko Luka yoba ari we Lucius w’i
Cyrène mu Vyakozwe n’Intumwa 13:1 kandi ibi vyaremejwe cane na
Ephrem Syrus (nko mu kinjana ca IV). Ivyakozwe n’Intumwa 20:3-6
hasa n’aherekana ko Luka yarikumwe na Paulo i Korinto, ariho
havuye iyo ndamukanyo ya Lucius abwira abasomye ivyiwe (Abaroma
16:21) (soma kandi Blair E.P.
Luke (évangéliste),
Interpret.
Dict. of the Bible. Vol. 3, pp.179-180). Ntacerekana neza umwidondoro w’aba bantu bavugwa
muri ibi vyanditswe. Eusèbe na Jérôme bo bashir’imbere Antioche,
muri Siriya, nk’ikibanza abanditsi babamwo kandi ivyanditswe
bimwe bimwe bishira imbere i Filipi. Hiyumvirwa ko iri jambo
"twebwe" mu kigabane ca 16:10 vyerekana ko yari "umuntu w’i
Masedoniya" yasanze Paulo i Tirowa kugira ngo avuge ubutumwa
bwiza aho avuka. Yagumiriwe i Filipi maze ahamvya abandi haheze
imyaka itari mike. Irénée, yama hafi y’ibirenge vya Yohana kandi
akaba yigishijwe na Polycarpe, avuga ko Luka yavyanditse vyose
ukw’ari bibiri. Co kimwe n’icitwa Canon de Muratoria (circa.
170-190 EC). Ibi bibonekana nk’ukuri.
Intangamarara ya Bullinger kur’ubu butumwa bwiza n’incamake nziza ituma
iki cigwa kigenda neza. Nimba mukoresha Bibiliya yitwa KJV,
vyobaye vyiza mukoresheje Bibiliya yitwa
Companion Bible hamwe
n’inyandiko za Bullinger, nk’uko biri hano muri iki cigwa [mu
biri nyezina mu congereza].
Intangamarara ya Bullinger - Luka
Igenekerezo. Yanditswe mu myaka ya 60 canke 63 inyuma ya Yesu Kristo,
ic’ukuri n’uko hari imbere y’isamburwa rya Yerusalemu, mu mwaka
wa 70 inyuma ya Yesu Kristo, kandi hari igihe Luka yarikumwe na
Paulo i Roma canke muri ya myaka ibiri yamara i Kayisariya.
Umwanditsi. Umwanditsi ni Luka, ni nawe yanditse Ivyakozwe n’Intumwa,
kandi akaba yagendanye na Paulo mu gihe c’urugendo rwiwe rwa
kabiri rw’ivugabutumwa (Ivyakozwe
n’Intumwa 16:11-40). Yasanze Paulo i Filipi (Ivyakozwe
n’Intumwa 20:1-7) agarutse avuye mu rugendo rwiwe rugira gatatu rw’ivugabutumwa aca
aramukurikira i Sezariya no munzira y’i Roma (Ivyakozwe
n’Intumwa 20-28). Yitwa "umuganga akundwa" (Ab’i
Kolosayi 4:14)
n’ "uwo basangiye igikorwa" na Paulo (Filemoni
24).
Ivyanditswe vyo mu Bakolosayi
4:4
bitwereka ko
"atakebwe" kandi, ivyo vyerekana ko, yari Umunyamahanga
[umupagani]. Indanzi yiwe (Luka
1:1) ko ivyo yanditse atar’ivyo yiboneye n’amaso. Afatwa nka "mwenedata"
ubutumwa bwiza bwamamaza cane mu mashengero yose (2Ab’i
Korinto 8:18),
kandi, mu gusobanura, baguma bavuga ko ari Umunyamahanga
yihanye. Nk’uk’ubutumwa bwiza ubwabwo bubivuga, yariwe muntu azi
vyinshi mu bandi banditsi b’Ubutumwa bwiza.
Ibimenyetso n’Intumbero
1. N’Ubutmwa bwiza bw’Indirimbo no Gutazira. Harimwo indirimbo nyinshi
nk’akarorero Indirimbo ya Mariya [canke yitwa Indirimbo ya
Mariya], (1:46-55), indirimbo ya Zakariya (1:68-79), indirimbo
y’abamarayika (2:14) n’indirimbo ya Simeyoni (2:29-33). Hariyo
ibice vyinshi vyo gutazira nk’akarorero (2:2 ; 5:29 ; 7:16 ;
13:13 ; 17:15 ; 18:43 ; 23:47).
2. Ni Ubutumwa bwiza bw’Isengesho. Yesu yarasenze ahejeje kubatizwa
(3:21), ahejeje guhumanura umunyamibembe (5:16), imbere yo
guhamagara bamwe cumi na babiri (6:12), igihe c’ugukayangana
kwiwe (9:28), imbere yo kwigisha abigishwa biwe gusenga (11:1)
yarasengeye abamwishe igihe yari kumusaraba (23:34), igihe
yagira acikane (23:46). Luka aduha ibwirizwa rya Kristo ryo
gusenga (21:36) n’imigani ibiri, incuti yo mugicugu (11:5-13)
n’umucamanza agabitanya (18:1-8) kugira herekanwe ivyiza vyo
gukomeza gusenga.
3. Ni Ubutumwa bwiza Bwerekeye Umukenyezi. Ntabundi Butumwa bwiza buha
agaciro umukenyezi nk’ubu bwa Luka. Mubisanzwe, ibigabane bitatu
vya mbere canke mbere igice kinini c’ibibirimwo n’ivyo yahawe,
nk’uko "yavyerekanye neza vyose guhera ku ntango yavyo" (1:3),
guhera kuri Mariya na Elizabeti. Araduha imvugo n’ubuhanuzi vya
Elizabeti (1:42-42), Indirimbo ya Mariya (1:46-55). Ana
n’ugutazira kwiwe (2:36-38), impuhwe yagiriye umupfakazi w’i
Nayini (7:12-15), Mariya-Magadalene umunyavyaha (7:36-50),
umugore yafasha Yesu (8:1-3), amajambo yo kuremesha yabwiwe
umugore agwaye ubutinyanka (8:48), Mariya na Marita n’ivyabo
(10:38-42). Impuhwe n’imfashanyo k’"umukobwa " wa Aburahamu
(13:16), uguhoza abakobwa b’i Yerusalemu
(23:28). Izi ndanzi, zatororokanijwe n’abandi, ziraboneka
cane kandi zirafasha kwerekana ikibanza gikomeye umukenyezi
afise muri ubu Butumwa bwiza.
4. Ni Ubutumwa bwiza bw’Aboro n’Abakene. Gusumba ubundi butumwa bwiza
bwose, Luka aravuga neza inyigisho za Yesu zose n’ivyo yakoze
vyerekana ingene igikorwa ciwe car’ico gufasha abakene,
abatitaweho n’abatishoboye. Hamwe muhakomeye havyerekana twovuga
nk’ahagaruka kenshi ariko avugana n’abatozakori (3:12 ; 5:27,
29, 30, etc.), Mariya-Magadalene, yari umunyavyaha (7:36-50),
umugore yaragwaye ubutinyanka (8:43-48), abasambanyikazi
(15:30), umwana w’icangazi (13:11-32), umworo Lazaro (16:13-31),
abakene, ibimuga, abagwaye n’impumyi batumiwe mu mazimano
(14:7-24). Inkuru yo muri Zekariya (19:1-9), igikorwa c’Umukiza
arondera intama zazimiye (8:10), umwambuzi yapfuye yihanye
(23:39-43).
5. Ni Ubutumwa Bwiza bw’Abanyamahanga. Iki gitabo cuzuyemwo hose
intumbero y’isi yose tutosanga mu bundi butumwa bwiza. Aha,
turabona itangazo ry’umumarayika avuga akanyamuneza kazoba ku
bwoko bwose (2:10) n’indirimbo ivuga ko Yesu "ar’umuco wakira
Amahanga" (2:32). Amamuko ya Kristo gushika kuri Adamu (2:38)
kandi ntibimuhuza na Aburahamu afatwa nka sekuru w’amahanga.
Inyandiko nziza y’irungikwa rya bamwe mirongwirindwi (10:1-24),
ico gitigiri casigura kikagereranya igitigiri c’amahanga
y’abapagani, bategerezwa, atari nkabamwe cumi na babiri
barungikwa ku ntama zazimiye zo munzu ya Isirayeli, ariko ngo
baje mu bisagara vyose, aho Yesu yociye, aha biratomoye neza
muri Luka. Umusamariya w’imbabazi (10:25-37) ni akarorero keza
nk’incuti y’ukuri kubwa Kristo, kandi ukwo biri kwose, hagombwa
kwerekana igikorwa ca Kristo kitarobanura amahanga. Ivyerekeye
ba banyamibembe cumi bakira (17:11-19), umwe gusa,
w’umunyasamariya, niwe yagarutse kumushimira, gutyo yerekana
ingene abandi bantu atari Abayuda nabo bazohezagirwa na we,
kandi bakazomukorera ibishimwa. Ivugabutumwa ry’I Pere hafi ya
Yorodani (9:51-18:4, twogereranya 9:51-19:28), n’ivugabutumwa
ryerekeje ku Mahanga kandi herekana ikibanza kinini Luka aha
Amahanga mu gikorwa n’imihezagiro vya Yesu.
6. Ni Ubutumwa Bwiza bwerekeye Abagiriki. Nimba Matayo yandikiye Abayuda,
Mariko na we akandikira Abaromani, vyari vyiza ko habaho uwundi
muntu yandika kuburyo ahamagarira, cane cane, Abagiriki
nk’irindi hanga riserukiwe. Kandi niko abanditsi b’Abakristo bo
mu binjana vyambere biyumvira ko yariyo ntumbero ya Luka. Mu
bisanzwe, Abagiriki ni bo baserukira ico ciyumviro n’isi yose
kandi biyumvamwo. "Umugiriki akuze aba ari umuntu
w’icitegererezo kw’isi", ashobora guhura n’abantu bose ku rugero
rw’ubwoko. Ibimana vyose vyo mu bagiriki vyari bishushanijwe
nk’abantu. Aba Hindous barashobora gusenga ikigereranyo conyene,
Abaroma nabo bafata Umwami wabo nk’imana, Abanyegiputa nabo
barashobora gusenga igihumeka cose, ariko Abagiriki basenga
umuntu n’ivyiyumviro vyiwe, ubwiza bwiwe n’amajambo yiwe muri
ibi basa n’abariko baregereza gutahura Imana y’ukuri icarico.
Abayuda babona ko abantu bakomoka kuri Adamu, Abaroma ukurikije
ukwo bayobora ubwami bwabo, ariko Abagiriki bo bafata umuntu
nk’ukw’ari.
Ubutumwa bwiza bugenewe Abagiriki butegerezwa gushira imbere umuntu
atunganye, ni co gituma Luka yanditse avuga k’Umuntu Mvajuru
yaje gukiza abari kw’isi bose. Kristo yaramushitse ku mutima
muri vyose kandi yaramwitwararitse nk’umuntu, yaba uwo hasi
nyarucari canke uwo hejuru yubashwe. Kubw’ubugingo bwiwe,
arerekana ububi bw’icaha n’ubwiza bw’ubweranda. Arerekana Imana
neza kugira yisunge ivy’umushaha w’abagiriki ushaka no kuwuronsa
akarorero n’umugenzi w’abato n’abakuze n’abantu bose. Ibikorwa
vya Yesu vyarigijwe inyuma cane, kandi indirimbo z’abandi bantu
zo n’amajambo ya Yesu vyarahawe agaciro, muntumbero yuko bagomba
kunezereza Abagiriki bize. Nimba Umugiriki hari ico yoba agomba
gukorera abari kw’isi, Luka yaramwugururiye imiryango muri kubu
kandi yamuhaye ukudapfa kuzotuma haba kwikwiza muri vyose muri
kazoza.
7. Ni Ubutumwa Bwiza burimwo Utugenegene. Renan avuga yuko igitabo ca
Luka arico gitabo ciza kw’isi yose, aho ni mu gihe Dogiteri
Robertson we avuga ko "ukuryoha kw’imvugo n’ukuvuga neza
ivyabaye bigishira hejuru ya vyose". Ubwiza n’ido n’ido,
inyubako n’ukudomako mu kuvuga ivyabaye vyerekana ko ari
umusesanguzi nyawe. Mu bundi butumwa bwiza bwose, ubwiwe burimwo
ikigiriki ciza kandi bukora ku mico n’imigenzo.
Icigwa :
Yesu, Umukiza w’isi.
Umwihwezo
Intangamarara. Intasho y’ubutumwa bwiza, 1:1-4.
I. Ukwerekana Umukiza, 1:5-4:13.
1. Havugwa ivy’Integuza, 1:5-25.
2. Havugwa Umukiza. 1:26-38.
3. Ugushima kwa Mariya na Elisabeti, 1:29-56.
4. Ukuvuka n’Ubuto bw’Integuza, 1:37 fin.
5. Ukuvuka kw’Umukiza, 2:1-20.
6. Ubuto bw’Umukiza. 3:1-4:13.
II. Igikorwa n’inyigisho vy’Umukiza i Galilaya,
4:14-9:50.
1. Yigishiriza mw’isinagogi y’i Nazareti. 4:14-30.
2. Akorera i Kaperenawumu no mumicungararo yaho, 4:31-6:11.
3. Akora mu gutemberera i Galilaya, 6:12-9:50.
III. Igikorwa n’inyigisho y’Umukiza amaze kuva i
Galilaya gushika yinjiye i Yerusalemu, 9:31-19:27.
1. Aja i Yerusalemu, 9:51 fin.
2. Igikorwa ca bamwe mirongwirindwi n’ibibazo bahuye navyo, 10:1-11:13.
3. Yerekana ivy’azi n’ibikorwa vya buri musi, 11:14-12 fin.
4. Inyigisho, ibitangaza n’imigani, 13:1-18:30.
5. Ivyabaye yegereje ubwanyuma i Yerusalemu, 18:31- 19:27.
IV. Igikorwa n’inyigisho y’Umukiza i Yerusalemu,
19:28-22:38.
1. Ukwinjira i Yerusalemu, 19:28 fin.
2. Ibibazo n’inyishu. Ikigabane ca 20.
3. Amasenge y’umupfakazi, 21:1-4.
4. Ukwitegurira iherezo, 21:5-22:38.
V. Umucunguzi ababarizwa isi, 22:39-23 fin.
1. Asengana umubabaro mu murima, 22:39-46.
2. Kumugura no kumufata, 22:47-53.
3. Urubanza. 22:54-23:26.
4. Umusaraba 23:27-49.
5. Amaziko, ukurangiza 23:30.
VI. Umucunguzi araninahazwa, Ikigabane ca 24.
1. Ukuzuka, 1-12.
2. Abonekera abantu n’inyigisho 13-49.
3. Ukuduzwa, 50 fin.
Ku cigwa n’ukubazanya
1. Ibitangaza bitandatu vyihariye muri Luka. (1) Ukuroba amafi, 5:4-11.
(2) Ukuzuka kw’umuhungu w’umupfakazi, 7:11-18. (3) Umugore
ahetamye, 13:11-17. (4) Umuntu arwaye urusina, 14:1-6. (5)
Abanyamibembe cumi, 17:11-19. (6) Akiza ugutwi kwa Malikusi.
22:50-51.
2. Imigani cumi n’umwe, iri kwa Luka gusa. (I) Abaheranyi babiri,
7:41-43. (2) Umunyasamariya w’imbabazi, 10:25-37. (3) Incuti
y’ukuri, 11:5-8. (4) Umutunzi w’igipfu, 12:16-19. (5) Umusukoni
w’ingumba, 13:6-9. (6) Umugani w’ihera rizimiye, 15:8-10. (7)
Umugani w’umwana w’icangazi, 15:11-32. (8) Umubwiriza mubi,
16:1-13. (9) Umutunzi na Lazaro, 18:19-31. (10) Umucamanza
agabitanya, 18:1-8. (11) Umufarisayo n’umutozakori, 18:9-14.
3. Ibindi vyandiswe biri muri Luka gusa. (1) Ibigabane vya 1-2 na
9:51-18:14 ibi tubisanga muri Luka gusa honyene. (2) Inyishu
Yohana Umubatizi yahaye abamubajije. 3:10-14. (3) Ikiyago ciwe
na Mose na Eliya, 9:30-31. (4) Aririra Yerusalemu, 19:41-44. (5)
Ugwuya gw’amaraso, 22:44. (6) Yesu arungikwa kwa Herode,
23:7-12. (7) Abagore b’i Yerusalemu baborogera Yesu, 23:27-31.
(8) "Data,n’ubaharire", 23, 34. (9) Ukwihana kw’umwe mu bambuzi,
23:40-43. (10) Yesu yiyerekera abigishwa babiri mu nzira ija
Emawusi, 24:13-31 ; (11) Ibijanye n’ukuduzwa kwiwe. 24:50-53.
4. Ni vyiza ko twokwiga aya majambo n’izi nyandiko zikurikira, tukandika
n;indanzi zayo aho kimwekimwe tugisanga no mukwiga igice cose
tuzisangamwo, muntumbero yo kugira tubone ko Luka yagerageje.
(1) "umwana w’umuntu" (incuro23). (2) "Umwana w’Imana" (incuro
7). (3) "Ubwami bw’Imana" (incuro32). (4) Ivyerekeye ivyagezwe,
ubucamanza, n’ivyemewe n’amategeko (incuro 18). (5) Umutozakori
(incuro 11). (6) Umunyavyaha n’abanyavyaha (incuro 16). Uwitwa
M. Stroud agereranya ko ibice 59 % vy’ivyanditswe muri Luka ko
yoba avyiharije wenyene uwitwa M. Weiss nawe agereranya ko
harimwo amajambo agera kuri 541 udashobora gusanga mu bundi
butumwa bwiza.
- Luka
Vyanditswe na E.W. Bullinger
UBUTUMWA BWIZA NK’UKO BWANDITSWE NA LUKA
UKWO IGITABO CANDITSWE MURI RUSANGI.
"NG’UY’UMUNTU" (Zekariya
6:12).
Luka 1:1-2:52 IMBERE YO KWIGISHA KWA YESU. AMAMUKO.
Luka 3:1-20 INTEGUZA.
Luka 3:21-38 UMUBATIZO: W’AMAZI.
Luka 4:1-14
UKUGERAGEZWA : MU BUGARAGWA.
Luka 9:22 -
Luka 18:43 UMWAMI.
Luka 19:12 -
Luka 2:38 UBWAMI.
Luka 22:39-46 ASENGANA UMUBABARO : MU MURIMA.
Luka 22:47 -
Luka 24:12 UMUBATIZO : W’UKUBABAZWA (URUPFU, UGUHAMBWA
N’UKUZUKA).
Luka 24:13-49 UMUSUBIRIZI.
Luka 24:50-53 INYUMA Y’UKWIGISHA KWA YESU. UKUDUZWA
MW’IJURU.
Kuvy’Isezerano Risha, n’urukurikirane rw’Ibitabo, soma
Ivyongeweko-96.
Isano mu Butumwa Bwiza ukw’ari Bune, raba Itunganywa ku rupapuro
1304.
Kw’Itandukaniro riri mur’ubwo Butumwa Bwiza Bune, soma
Ivyongeweko-96.
Kw’Ihuriro ry’ubu Butumwa Bwiza Bune, soma Ivyongeweko-97.
Kucakane c’Ubwami bwa Yesu, soma Ivyongeweko-119.
Kubw’amajambo, etc., ari mu Butumwa Bwiza bwa Luka, soma amajambo
ashika 260 ari musi.
AMAJAMBO YEREKEYE UBUTUMWA BWIZA BWA LUKA
Intumbero mvajuru y’Ubutumwa Bwiza bwa Luka n’ubwo kwerekana
Umukiza nka Mesiya, "umwami wa Isirayeli", nko mu Butumwa Bwiza
bwa Matayo, canke nk’umukozi wa Yehova, co kimwe nko muri
Mariko, ariko nk’ico yari co imbere y’amaso ya Yehova, nk’UMUNTU
w’icitegererezo, Umuntu izina ryiwe ari Shami" (Zekariya
6:12). Soma inyubako y’ubu Butumwa Bwiza Bune ku rupapuro
1304.
Muri Luka, Umwami Yesu avugwa nk "umugenzi w’abatozakori
n’abanyavyaha", abantu babonwa nabi n’abantu bose (Luka
5:29, etc. ;
Luka 7:29,
Luka 7:34,
Luka 7:37, etc.) ;
Luka 18:9, etc. ; 23:39, etc.) ; nk’uwerekana ubugwaneza,
urukundo n’ubuntu (Luka
7:13 ; Luka 7:11, etc. ;
Luka 19:41, etc. ; 23:28, etc.).
Niyo mpamvu ari Luka wenyene yanditse ivyo muri (Luka
6:6,
Luka 6:27,
etc. ; 11:41, etc. ; 13:1, etc. ; 14:1, etc. ; 17:11, etc.). Ni
Luka wenyene yanditse umugani w’Umusamariya w’imbabazi (Luka
10:30,
etc.) ; kandi tumenye ko umunyamibembe umwe yagarutse gushima
Imana yari Umunyasamariya (Luka
17:16,
Luka 17:18).
Ni ho dusanga ivyerekeye abakenyezi vyinshi, abo,
bafatwa nk’abatagira ijambo mu bayuda, bibonyemwo bibaha
icubahiro : Elisabeti, Ana, umupfakazi w’i Nayini (Luka
7:11,
Luka 7:15)
; uwihanye (Luka
7:37,
etc.) ; abakenyezi bamusukurira (Luka
8:2,
etc.) ; "abakobwa b’i Yerusalemu" (Luka
23:27,
etc.) ; Marita (Luka
10:38,
Luka 10:41)
na Mariya, w’i Betaniya (Luka
10:39,
Luka 10:42)
; Mariya Magadalene (Luka
24:10).
Nk’Umuntu w’icitegererezo, Umwami yerekanwa
nk’uwurindwa na Data, mu gusenga (Luka
3:21
;
Luka 5:16
;
Luka 1:12
;
Luka 9:18,
Luka 9:29
;
Luka 11:1
;
Luka 18:1
;
Luka 22:32,
Luka 22:41
; Luka 34:46). Mu ncuro zitandatu zizwi neza, Umwami avugwa
ariko arasenga ; kandi ntikari musi y’incuro ndwi, bisabwa
"guhimbaza Imana" mu gutazira (Luka
2:20
;
Luka 5:25
;
Luka 7:16
;
Luka 13:13
;
Luka 17:15
;
Luka 18:43
;
Luka 23:47).
Indirimbo Zine ziri muri Luka gusa
:
Magnifiac Mariya (Luka
1:46-55)
; Benedictus ya
Zekariya (Luka
1:68-79)
; Nunc Dimittis ya Simeyoni (Luka
2:29-32)
; na Gloria in Excelsis y’abamarayika (Luka
2:14).
Ibitangaza bitandatu dusanga muri Luka gusa (ibivuga
uburanga bw’Umwami Yesu tubisanga muri Luka) n’ibi :
1. Ukuroba amafi (Luka
5:4
-11).
2. Yesu azura umwana w’umupfakazi w’i Nayini (Luka
7:11-18).
3. Umugore ahetamye (Luka
13:11-17).
4. Yesu akiza umuntu arwaye urusina (Luka
14:1-6).
5. Yesu akiza Abanyamibembe Cumi (Luka
17:11-19).
6. Akiza Malikusi (Luka
22:50,
51).
Imigani cumi n’umwe iri muri Luka gusa (yose ifise
insiguro zigomba gusa) ni yo y’iyi :
1. Abaheranyi babiri (Luka
7:41-43).
2. Umusamariya w’Imbabazi (Luka
10:30-37).
3. Incuti y’ukuri (Luka
11:5-8).
4. Umutunzi w’igipfu (Luka
12:16-21).
5. Umusukoni w’ingumba (Luka
13:6-9).
6. Umugani w’ihera rizimiye (Luka
15:8-10).
7. Umwana w’icangazi (Luka
15:11-32).
8. Umubwiriza mubi (Luka
16:1-12
).
9. Umugani w’umutunzi na Lazaro (Luka
16:19-31).
10. Umucamanza agabitanya n’umupfakazi amutakambira (Luka
18:1-8).
11. Umufarisayo n’umutozakori (Luka
18:9-14).
Ibindi vyabaye n’imvugo ziboneka dusanga
muri Luka turashobora kuzigira hamwe bigatanga umusaruro umwe (Luka
3:10-14
;
Luka 10:1,
Luka 10:20
;
Luka 19:1-10,
Luka 19:41-44
;
Lua 22:44
;
Luka 23:7-12,
Luka 23:27-31,
Luka 23:34,
Luka 23:40-43
;
Luka 24:50,
Luka 24:53).
Na Luka ubwiwe, izina ryiwe ry’Ikigiriki
(Gr. Loukas) n’incamake y’ikilatini Lucanus,
Lucilius canke Lucius.* Naho ari we yanditse
Ivyakozwe n’Intumwa, ntanahamwe yivuga; kandi izina ryiwe
turisanga ahandi hatatu gusa :
Ab’i Kolosayi
4:14
;
2 Timoteyo
4:11
;
Filemoni 1:24
.
Ni mur’ibi vyanditswe n’ijambo "twebwe" ryo
mu Vyakozwe n’Intumwa (Ivyakozwe
n’Intumwa 16:10-17
;
Ivyakozwe
n’Intumwa 20:5-15
;
Ivyakozwe
n’Intumwa 21:1-18
;
Ivyakozwe
n’Intumwa 27:1-44
;
Ivyakozwe
n’Intumwa 28:1-16)
dushobora gutororokanya ivyo
tuzi kuri Luka. Tubona
avugwa irya mbere i Tirowa (Ivyakozwe
n’Intumwa 16:10),
kandi guhera aho, turashobora kumukurikirana mu bindi bice bine
twisunze ijambo "twebwe". Soma ivyanditswe kw’itunganywa
ry’ivyakozwe n’Intumwa muri rusangi.
Ico twofata muri rusangi mw’itunganywa
ry’ubu Butumwa Bwiza n’uko, mugihe muri Yohana hatarimwo Yesu
Ageragezwa na satani ntihabemwo igihe yasengana Umubabaro, muri
Luka ho s’ivyo gusa biriyo hariyo n’ivy’imbere y’ivuka ryiwe (Luka
1:5
Luka 2:5,
A2, p. 1430) n’ivy’imbere y’ivugabutumwa ryiwe, bihurirwako
n’Ubutumwa Bwiza ukw’ari Bune.
* Gushika n’ubu, biremezwa ko izina
Loukas ritigeze
risigura Lucius
mukilatini ; ariko Sir W. Ramsay yarabonye, mu mwaka wa 1912, ku
bihome vyo mu rusengero i Antiyoshe muri Pisidie, ahantu
handitse amazina Loukas
na Loukios kandi
agakoreshwa ku muntu umwe. Soma
The Expositor, déc.
1912. [Loukas na Lucius ubu afatwa nk’uko yoba akoreshwa nkaho
asigurwa kumwe – hafatiwe kuvy’umwanditsi].
Luka Ibigabane vya 1-4 (BY)
Ikigabane ca 1
1
Abantu benshi bagerageje kwandika amajambo
adonda ivyabaye muri twebwe, 2 nk’uko twabirazwe
n’abahereye ubwa mbere ar’ivyabona vyavyo n’abasuku b’ijambo
ry’Imana. 3 Nuko nanje, mpejeje gukurikiranya vyose
neza mpereye ku vya mbere, nabonye kw’ari vyiza kubikwandikira
uko bikurikirana, wewe Teyofilo umwubahwa, 4 kugira
ng’umenye neza yukw’amajambo wigishijwe ar’ay’ukuri
adakekeranywa. 5 Ku ngoma ya Herode, Umwami w’i
Yudaya, harih’umuherezi yitwa Zakariya, wo mu mutigiri wa Abiya,
kandi yar’afise umugore wo mu nzu ya Aroni, yitwa Elisabeti.
6 Bompi bagororoka imbere y’Imana, bagendera mu
vyagezwe n’amabwirizwa vy’Umwami Imana vyose, batagawa. 7 Ariko
ntibagira umwana, kuko Elisabeti yar’ingumba, kandi bompi bari
bageze mu zabukuru. 8 Maze yarikw’arakora igikorwa
c’ubuherezi imbere y’Imana, ukw’imbu zabo zikurikirana, 9 kandi
nk’uk’umugenzo w’abaherezi war’uri, ni we yari yatoranijwe
n’ubupfindo kwinjira ahera h’urusengero rw’Umwami Imana, kwosa
imibavu. 10 Kand’ishengero ryose ry’ubwo bwoko
ryariko rirasengera hanze mu gihe co kwosa. 11 Maz’umumarayika
w’Umwami Imana aramwiyereka, ahagaze i buryo bw’igicaniro
boserezakw’imibavu. 12 Zakariya amubonye ahagarika
umutima, aterwa n’ubwoba. 13, Umumarayika aramubwira
ati : Ntaco utinya, Zakariya, kukw’ivyo wasavye vyumviswe,
umugore wawe Elisabeti azokuvyarira umuhungu, uzumwite Yohana.
14 Uzonezerwa, uzohimbarwa kandi benshi bazonezererwa
ukuvuka kwiwe. 15 Kukw’azoba mukuru mu nyonga
z’Umwami Imana. Ntazonywa vino cank’ikiboreza na kimwe;
azokwuzuzwa Mpwemu Yera, ahereye ku kuva mu nda ya nyina ;
16 kand’azosanganya benshi bo mu Bisirayeli n’Umwami Imana
yabo. 17 Azoyiza imbere
ari n’umutima wa Eliya n’ubushobozi bwiwe, ngw’asanganye
imitima ya ba se n’iy’abana, n’intabarirwa azisubize ku bwenge
bw’abagororotsi, ategurire Umwami Imana ubwoko buroranye.
18 Zakariya abaza umumarayika ati : Ivyo nzovyerekwa
n’iki, ko nd’umutama, n’umugore wanje akaba ageze mu zabukuru?
19 Umumarayika aramwishura ati : Ndi Gaburiyeli, nama
mpagaze mu nyonga z’Imana, kandi natumwe kubonana nawe no
kukubwira ubwo butumwa bwiza. 20 Umve, uragobwa
ururimi, kandi ntuzoshobora kuvuga, kugeza ku musi ivyo
bizoberako, kuk’utemeye ijambo ryanje, rizoshika mu gihe caryo.
21 Abantu bari barorereye Zakariya batangazwa
n’ukw’atevye ahera h’urusengero. 22 Maz’asohotse
ntiyagira ico ashobora kuvugana na bo, bamenya yuko har’ico
yerekewe ahera h’urusengero : arabagereraniriza, agumya kuba
ikiragi. 23 Maz’imisi yo gusasa kwiwe ishize, asubira
i we. 24 Iyo misi ishize, umugore wiwe Elisabeti
asama inda, atinya abantu amezi atanu ati : 25 Uku ni
k’Umwami Imana inkoreye mu misi yandabiyemwo kunteturura mu
bantu. 26 kandi mu kwezi kwa gatandatu, umumarayika
Gaburiyeli atumwa n’Imana mu gisagara c’i Galilaya citwa
Nazareti, 27 ku nkumi ikowe n’umugabo yitwa Yosefu,
wo mu nzu ya Dawidi, izina ry’iyo nkumi ni Mariya. 28 Yinjira
ah’ari, aramubwira ati : N’amahoro, ugiriwe ubuntu, Umwami Imana
arikumwe na we. 29 Ariko we ahagarika umutima cane
n’iryo jambo, yibaza iyo ndamukanyo iy’ari yo. 30 Umumarayika
aramubwira ati : Nta co utinya, Mariya, kuk’ugiriwe ubuntu
n’Imana. 31 Umve, uzosama inda, uvyare umuhungu
kand’uz’umwite YESU. 32 Azoba mukuru,azokwitwa Umwana
w’Isumba vyose, kand’Umwami Imana azomuha intebe y’ubwami ya
sekuruza Dawidi. 33 Ahangame mu nzu ya Yakobo ibihe
bidashira; ubwami bwiwe ntibuzogira iherezo. 34 Mariya
abaza umumarayika ati : Ivyo bizobaho bite, ko ntaramenya icitwa
umugabo? 35 Umumarayika aramwishura ati : Mpwemu Yera
azokuzako, ubushobozi bw’Isumba vyose buzogutera igitutu; ni co
gituma uwera azovuka azokwitwa Umwana w’Imana. 36 Kand’umve,
Elisabeti mwene wanyu na we atwaye inda y’umuhungu mu butamakazi
bwiwe, uwitwa ingumba uku n’ukwezi kwiwe kwa gatandatu. 37 Kukw’ata
jambo rivuye ku Mana ribura ububasha. 38 Mariya
aramubwira ati : Ehe nd’umugurano w’Umwami Imana, bimbere
ukw’ijambo ryawe rivuzwe. Maz’umumarayika ava ah’ari, aragenda.
39 Mur’iyo misi Mariya arikora, agenda yihuta, aja mu
mugamba mu gisagara c’i Yudaya. 40 Yinjira mu nzu kwa
Zakariya, aramukanya na Elisabeti. 41 Maze Elisabeti
yumvise indamukanyo ya Mariya, inda ikinagira muri we, Elisabeti
yuzuzwa Mpwemu Yera. 42 Avuga n’ijwi rirenga ati : Mu
bagore urahiriwe, n’imbuto yo mu nda yawe irahiriwe. 43 Kand’iki
kimbereyekw’iki, nyina w’Umwami wanje kuza aho ndi?
44 Kukw’ijwi
ry’indamukanyo yawe ryinjiye mu matwi yanje, inda igakinagizwa
muri jewe n’umunezero. 45 Kandi hahirwa wewe wizeye,
kukw’ivyo wabwiwe n’Umwami Imana bizoshika. 46 Mariya
aravuga ati : Ubugingo bwanje butazira Umwami Imana, 47 Umutima
wanje unezererewe Imana Umukiza wanje, 48 Kuko
yabonye ubufafara bw’umugurano wayo, kand’uhereye none, ab’ibihe
vyose bazonyita umuhirwa, 49 Kukw’Iy’ubushobozi
inkoreye ibikomeye, Kand’izina ryayo n’iryera, 50 Imbabazi
zayo ziri ku bayubaha ku buzukuru no ku buzukuruza-kuruza babo.
51 Yerekanishije ubushobozi ukuboko kwayo, Yasabagije
abibona mu vyo biyumvira mu mitima yabo. 52 Yirukanye
abaganza ku ntebe zabo, Yashize hejuru abafafara. 53 Abashonje
yabahagije ivyiza, Yirukanye abatunzi bagenda imvumure. 54
Yatabaye Isirayeli umusavyi wayo, maze ngw’imbabazi zayo
izibuke, - 55 Nk’uko yabwiye ba sogokuruza,
Kuzigirira Aburahamu n’uruvyaro rwiwe, ibihe bidashira. 56 Kandi
Mariya amarana na we amezi nk’atatu, asubira i wabo. 57 Igihe
co kuvyara kwa Elisabeti kirashika, avyara umuhungu. 58 Ababanyi
biwe n’incuti ziwe bumva yuk’Umwami Imana yamugiriye imbabazi
nyishi, banezeranwa na we. 59 Ku musi ugira umunani
baza gukeba uwo mwana, bagomba kumwitiranya na se Zakariya.
60, Nyina arababwira ati : Oya, ni yitwe Yohana. 61 Baramubwira
bati : Mu muryango wanyu kw’ata witwa iryo zina. 62 Bagereraniriza
se, bamubaza ukw’agomba ko yitwa. 63 Zakariya yaka
ico kwandikako, arandika ati : Izina ryiwe ni Yohana. 64 Bose
baratangara. Uwo mwanya akanwa kiwe karazibuka, n’ururimi rwiwe
ruragobodoka, aravuga ashima Imana. 65 Ababanyi babo
bose baterwa n’ubwoba : ayo majambo yose akwira mu mugamba wose
w’i Yudaya. 66 Abavyumvise bose babishira mu mitima
yabo, bati Mbe none uyu mwana azoba umuntu ki? Kuk’ukuboko
kw’Umwami Imana kwari kumwe na we. 67 Se Zakariya
yuzuzwa Mpwemu Yera, avugishwa n’Imana ati : 68 Umwami
ashimwe, Imana y’Abisirayeli, Kukw’igendeye abantu bayo,
ikabacungura; 69 kand’iduhagurukirije ihembe
ry’agakiza mu nzu ya Dawidi umusavyi wayo. 70 Nk’uko
yavugiye mu kanwa k’abera yavugisha, bahereye mbere na mbere, -
71 Ngw’adukize abansi bacu n’amaboko y’abatwanka bose
! 72 Kand’igirire ba sogokuruza imbabazi, yibuke
isezerano ryayo ryera, 73 indahiro yarahiye
sogokuruza Aburahamu, 74 Kw’izoduha gukizwa amaboko
y’abansi bacu, Tukayisenga ata bwoba, 75 Tur’abera
tugororoka mu nyonga zayo imisi yacu yose. 76 Kandi
nawe, mwana, uzokwitwa umuntu avugishwa n’Isumba vyose,
Kuk’uzokwitangira imbere y’Umwami Imana gutegur’inzira yiwe,
77 Kumenyesha abantu biwe agakiza, kw’ar’uguharirwa
ivyaha vyabo, 78 Kubw’umutima w’imbabazi w’Imana
yacu, Ni wo uzotuma umutwenzi utugendera, uvuye mw’ijuru,
79 Ng’utambikire abicaye mu mwiza no mu gitutu c’urupfu,
Urongorere ibirenge vyacu mu nzira y’amahoro. 80 Nya
mwana arakura, agwiza inkomezi z’umutima, aba mu bugaragwa
kugeza umusi yerekewekw’Abisirayeli.
Intumbero y’Ikigabane ca 1
vv. 1-4
Intumbero y’ivyanditswe na Luka
(Yohana 20:30-31 ; 21:25 Abanditsi b’ubutumwa bwiza bakoresheje
aho bakuye amakuru hatazwi na bugingo n’ubu ; soma kandi
6:17-49n). v. 2
Ivayakozwe n’Intumwa 1:21 ; 10:39 ; Abaheburayo 2:3 ; 1Yohana
1:1, v. 3 Soma Ivyakozwe n’Intumwa 1:1 n’indanzi : Teyofilo ntiyar’azwi,
ariko yari n’akamaro runaka gakomeye mu kibano (mbere gakomeye
cane ; soma Ivyakozwe n’Intumwa 23:26n,
v. 4 Yohana 20:31.
1:5 -2:40 Ukuvuka kwa Yohana n’Ukwa Yesu
vv. 5-25
Umumarayika asezeranira
zakariya ukuvuka kwa Yohana.
v. 5
Herode Uwuhambaye yatwaye kuva mu mwaka wa 37 gushika mu mwaka
wa 4 IIC (Imbere y’Igihe Cacu). Yapfuye hagati y’amagenekerezo
ya 1na 13 Abibu mu mwaka wa 4 IIC (Imbere y’Igihe Cacu). Kristo
rero ntiyoba yavutse munyuma cane mu ntango z’ukwambere janvier
4 IIC kandi bishoboka ko ari kare cane mu mwaka wa 5 IIC, imbere
y’urushana, kuko abungere bari mu mirima, Yohana nawe akaba
yavutse mu mwaka wa 6-5 IIC, imbere ya Pasika yo mu mwaka wa 5
IIC, munyuma cane. Igihe umumarayika Gaburiyeli yabonekera
Zakariya hari mubihe vya Pantekoti y’umwaka wa 7 canke 6 IIC,
igihe c’ubupfindo bw’umunani yariko ikora. Soma
Imyaka ya Kristo igihe Yabatizwa n’Ikiringo
Ivugabutumwa ryiwe Ryamaze (No. 019).
Ubupfindo bw’umunani bwerekanye Abiya, soma 1Ngoma
24:10. Ni vyiza kandi kumenya ko atawigeze aba umukuru mu
Bambukanywe igihe c’ubuzima bwa Yesu, gushika inyuma y’urupfu
rwiwe (soma
Kuva kuri Dawidi n’Inyambukira, etc. (No. 067)).
1:8-9
2Ngoma 31:2 ; Kuvayo 30:1:6-8 ;
14-17
Indirimbo mu cubahiro ca Yohana.
v. 15
Guharura 6:1-4 ; Luka 7:33.
v. 17
Malaki 4:5-6 ; Matayo 11:14.
v. 19
Daniyeli 8:16 ; (F027viii) 9:21 (F027ix).
v. 25
Ubugumba cari ikimenyetso c’akamaramaza mu maso y’Imana, kuko
kurondoka wari umugisha uri mu vyagezwe (Itanguriro 16:2n. 30:23
; 1Samweli 1:1-18n ; Zaburi 128:3).
vv. 26-38
Umumarayika Gaburiyeli abonekera Mariyamu ku bijanye
n’ivuka rya Yesu.
v. 31
Matayo 1:21
v. 33
Matayo 28:18 ; Daniyeli 2:44 ;
vv. 39-56
Mariya aja kuramutsa Elisabeti
v. 42
11:27-28 ;
vv. 46-55
Iki gisomwa (citwa
Magnificat mu
kilatini) gishingiye kw’isengesho rya Ana muri 1Samweli 2:1-10
kandi gishira hejuru icubahiro c’Imana.
v. 47
1Timoteyo 2:3 ; Tito 3:4 ; Yuda 25.
v. 55
Itanguriro 17:7 ; 18:18 ; 22:17 ; Mika 7:20 ;
vv. 57-67
Ivuka rya Yohana Umubatizi.
v. 59
Abalewi 12:3 ; Itanguriro 17:12 ; Luka 2:21.
v. 63
soma v. 13.
v. 65
Ugutinya,
vyasobanuwe ngo ubwoba
mu kigabane ca 5:26, vyerekana ugutahura ubushobozi bw’abantu
aho bugarukira imbere y’Imana (2:9 ; 7:16 ; Ivyakozwe n’Intumwa
2:43,46-47 ; 5:5,11 ; 19:17)
vv. 68-79
Ubuhanuzi bwa Zakariya
Benedictus
ryavuye mu nsobanuro ya mbere y’ikilatini.
v. 69 Ihembe
ry’agakiza aha risigura umwami azozanira ubushobozi abiwe
ariko gakiza; ari nayo yari intumbero ya Mesiya (Zaburi 18:1-3 ;
92:10-11 ; 132:17-18).
v. 76
Malaki 4:5 ; Luc 7:26 ;
v. 77
Mariko 1:4 ; v.
78 Malaki 4:2 ; Abanyefeso 5:14 ;
Umusi uzoza aho Imana
izohezagira abantu bayo ikabashikana ku ndunduro
v. 79 Yesaya 9:2
Matayo 4:16 ; Luka 4:18
v. 80
Yohana yabaye mu bugaragwa gushika aho yiyerekaniye ku
mugaragaro muri Isirayeli.
Uwo mwanya cari nk’ikiringo c’imyaka mirongwitatu.
Umusi wo kwiyerekana kwiwe (soma 3:2, 3).
Ikigabane ca 2
1
Mur’iyo misi icagezwe kiva kwa Kayisari Augusito ngw’abo mw’isi
bose bandikwe. 2 Ukwo ni kwo kwandikwa kwa mbere
wabayeho Kureniyo akir’icegera ca Kayisari i Siriya. 3 Bose
baja kwiyandikisha, umuntu wese aja mu gisagara cabo. 4 Yosefu
na we ava i Galilaya mu gisagara c’i Nazareti, aja i Yudaya mu
gisagara ca Dawidi, citwa Betelehemu, kuko yakomotse mu nzu ya
Dawidi mu muryango wiwe : 5 aja kwiyandikishanya na
Mariya uwo yakoye, yar’akuriwe. 6 Bakiriyo, igihe
ciwe co kuvyara kirashika. 7 Avyara umuhungu
w’uburiza, amuzingirakw’impuzu y’uruyoya, amuryamika mu bwato
bw’inka, kuko bari babuze umwanya mu ndaro. 8 Mur’iyo
ntara har’abungere barara mu gahinga baraririye umukuku
w’intungwa zabo. 9 Umumarayika w’Umwami Imana
ahagarara iruhande yabo, ubwiza bw’Umwami bukayanganira
irya n’ino, baterwa n’ubwoba bwinshi. 10, Umumarayika
arababwira ati : Nta co mutinya, umve ndababarira ubutumwa bwiza
bw’akanyamuneza kenshi kazoba ku bwoko bwanyu bwose. 11 Uyu
musi Umukiza abavukiye mu gisagara ca Dawidi, ni we Kristo
Umwami. 12 Iki ni co kimenyamenya canyu, murasanga
umwana w’uruyoya azingiriwekw’impuzu y’uruyoya, aryamitswe mu
bwato bw’inka. 13 Uwo mwanya hamwe n’uwo mumarayika
haboneka ingabo nyinshi zo mw’ijuru, zihimbaza Imana ziti :
14 Icubahiro ni kibe ku Mana ahasumba ijuru, no mw’isi
amahoro abe mu b’inezererwa ! 15 Ba bamarayika
bahejeje kuva aho bari, basubiye mw’ijuru, nya bungere
baravugana bati : Ngo rero tuje i Betelehemu, turabe co kintu
cabayeyo, ico Umwami Imana atumenyesheje. 16 Bagenda
banyaruka, babona Mariya na Yosefu n’uruyoya rubikiriwe mu bwato
bw’inka. 17 Babibonye bababarira ijambo babwiwe
kur’uwo mwana. 18 Abavyumvise bose batangazwa n’ivyo
ba bungere bababwiye. 19 Ariko Mariya abika ayo
majambo yose, ayiyumvira mu mutima wiwe. 20 Maze ba
bungere bahindukira bahimbaza Imana, bayishimira ivyo bumvise
vyose n’ivyo babonye, nk’uko babibwiwe. 21 Kand’imisi
munani ishitse ngw’akebwe, bamwita YESU, rya zina ryavuzwe
n’umumarayika, atarasamwa inda. 22 Imisi ishize yo
guhumanurwa kwabo, nk’ukw’ivyagezwe vya Mose biri, bamujana i
Yerusalemu kumushikanira Umwami Imana, - 23 nk’uko
vyanditswe mu vyagezwe n’Umwami Imana, ng’umuhungu wese
w’ubuzibura aze yitwe uwera k’Uhoraho; - 24 kandi ngo
batange ikimazi, nk’uko vyavuzwe mu vyagezwe n’Umwami Imana,
ngw’Intunguru zibiri cank’ivyana vy’inuma bibiri. 25 Kandi
muri Yerusalemu har’umuntu yitwa Simeyoni; uyo yar’umuntu
agororotse kandi yubaha Imana, yar’arorereye
uguhumurizwa kw’Abisirayeli, Mpwemu Yera yari kuri we.
26 Yari yarabwiwe na Mpwemu Yera yukw’atazopfa,
atarabona Kristo w’Umwami Imana. 27 Ajanwa na Mpwemu
mu rusengero; abavyeyi bajanye uwo mwana Yesu ngo bamugenze
nk’uk’umugenzo w’ivyagezwe war’uri, 28 aramwakira,
aramukikira, ashima Imana ati : 29 Databuja,
noneh’urasezeye umusavyi wawe amahoro, nk’uko wavuze. 30 Kukw’amaso
yanje abonye agakiza kawe, 31 ako wateguye mu maso
y’amoko yose, 32 kuba umuco wakira amahanga, no kuba
ubwiza bw’abantu bawe b’Abisirayeli. 33 Se na nyina
batangazwa n’ayo majambo avuzwe kuri we. 34 Simeyoni
arabahezagira, abwira nyina Mariya ati : Umve, uyu ashiriweho
kugira ngo benshi mu Bisirayeli bagwe, benshi bavyuke, no kuzoba
ikimenyetso kigawa, 35 kandi nawe inkota izogucumita
mu mutima, ngw’ivyiyumviro vy’imitima myinshi bize biserurwe.
36 Kandi hariho Ana, uwavugishwa n’Imana, umukobwa wa
Fanuweli, wo mu muryango wa Asheri, yar’umutamakazi wa kera,
yabanye n’umugabo wiwe imyaka ndwi, uhereye ku kurongorwa kwiwe.
37 Kandi yamaze imyaka mirongumunani n’ine
ar’umupfakazi, ntiyava mu rusengero gusenga, yisonzesha
yinginga, ku murango no mw’ijoro. 38 Ako kanya aca
araza, ashima Imana, avuga ivya Yesu, abibwira abari barorereye
ugucungurwa kw’i Yerusalemu bose. 39 Banonosoye vyose
nk’ukw’ivyagezwe n’Umwami Imana bivuga,
basubira i Galilaya mu
gisagara cabo i Nazareti. 40 Kand’uno mwana arakura,
agwiza inkomezi, yuzuzwa ubwenge, ubuntu bw’Imana bwari kuri we.
41 Kand’uk’umwaka utashe, abavyeyi biwe baja i
Yerusalemu mu misi mikuru ya Pasika. 42 Nukw’amaze
imyaka cumi n’ibiri avutse, baraduga, nk’uk’umugenzo w’iyo misi
mikuru war’uri. 43 Banonosoye ivy’iyo misi,
barahindukira, uwo muhungu Yesu asigara i Yerusalemu, abavyeyi
biwe ntibabimenya. 44 Ariko bibwiye yukw’ari mw’igugu
ry’abo bagendanye, bagenda urugendo rw’umusi wose, maze
bamurondera mu ncuti no mu bo bazinanyi. 45, bamubuze
basubira i Yerusalemu bamurondera. 46 Hashize imisi
itatu bamubona mu rusengero, yicaye mu bigisha hagati, abumva,
kand’ababaza. 47 Abamwumvise bose batangazwa
n’ubwenge bwiwe n’ivy’abishura. 48 Bamubonye
baratangara, nyina aramubaza ati : Mwananje, n’iki catumye
utugirira utyo?
Urabona twe na so aho twakurondereye tubabaye. 49 Arababaza
ati : N’iki cabateye kundondera? Ntimwari muzi yuko bikwiye ko
mba kwa Data ? 50, Ntibamenya iryo jambo ababwiye.
51 Amanukana na bo, aja i Nazareti, yama abumvira.
Nyina abika ayo majambo yose mu mutima wiwe. 52 Kandi
Yesu agwiza ubwenge no gukura no gushimwa n’Imana n’abantu.
(v. 14 iyi mvugo "abantu inezerererwa"
bisigura ab’Imana yatoranije nk’uko ibanezererwa (nk’abandi
barongozi bo hambere cf. soma ivyo hasi muri Bibiliya yitwa, Ox.
Ann. RSV)
Intumbero y’Ikigabane ca 2
vv. 1-7
Yesu yavukiye i Betelehemu.
v. 1
Matayo 1:18-2:23. Augusito yatwaye imyaka 27 IIC gushika ku
mwaka 14 IC. Kugira ngo umuntu amenye ivy’iyo ngingo, nivyiza
kwiga icigwa (No. 019). Ijambo isi
yose ryerekana Ubwami bw’uburoma. Naho ivuka rya Kristo cari
ikintu gikomeye cane, vyarazimanganijwe kugira ntihabeho kwibuka
no guhimbaza iryo vuka. Noneho iyo migenzo n’ugesenga
ibigirwamana n’abadayimoni (soma
Imisi Mikuru y’Amavuka (No. 287)). Ikintu kimwe co
kwizerwa twomenya ivuka ryiwe ritabaye ku wa 25 Kigarama, iryo
genekerezo ryahimbarizwako umusi wo kuvuka kw’Izuba mu basenga
Bayali (soma
Amamuko ya Noheli na Pasika y’Ikinyoma Easter/Pâques
(No. 235)).
Kandi noneho ukuvuka kwiwe kwabaye kure mu kwezi kwa mbere
janvier mu mwaka wa 4 IIC, turavye ivyanditswe muri Luka,
ubupfindo bwa Abiya n’urupfu rwa Herode hagati y’igenekerezo rya
1n’irya 13 Abibu mu mwaka wa 4 IIC. Uwo musi mukuru ntiwigeze
uhimbazwa mu Bakristo gushika aho wushiriweho n’abasenga Bayali
muri Siriya, mu mwaka wa 375 IC, mu mpera ya Antiquité munyuma,
mu ntango ya Moyen âge.
v. 7.
Abizera Ubutatu bagasega ya mana y’ingore bavuga ko umuhungu
w’imfura ar’ijambo
ngo ridasigura ko hari abandi bana benshi Mariyamu yoba
yaravyaye munyuma (ni ryo zina ryiwe ry’ukuri riri muri Bibiliya
na Korowani, izina rya Mariya ntiriboneka munyandiko zambere nka
nyina wa Kristo. Mariah [Marie] Mariya ryari izina rya
mwenewabo, ari we muka Clophas, akaba nyinabo wa Kristo) (soma
Umwigeme Mariyamu n’Umuryango wa Yesu Kristo (No.
232)).
Amalanje
vyari ibitambara
bazingiramwo uruyoya.
vv. 8-20
Abungere n’abamarayika
v. 9
Ubwoba
1:65n,
v. 11 Igisagara ca Dawidi
- Betelehemu.
Ivyemezo bitatu bikomeye vyerekeye Yahoshua yiswe Yesu
hamaze kuba insobanuro z’ikigiriki za Yosuwa muri bamwe LXX
Iesous, vyerekana ko
yari Umukiza. Mesiya (Kristo canke uwasizwe w’Imana) n’Umwami
nk’Umwana w’Imana (Matayo 1:21n. 16:16n ; Yohana 4:42 ; 2:36 ;
5:31 ; Filipo 2:11.
v. 14
3:32 ; 19:38
Amahoro... Kubura kw’urudome mu nyandiko z’intoke z’ikigiriki zo
munyuma nivyo bisigura ibiri ku murongo wa 14. Ikibanza
c’igikorwa ciwe nk’umukiza birasiguwe neza mu cigwa
Imana Umukiza wacu (No. 198). Soma kandi ivyigwa
bikurikira vyerekeye ukuvuka kwa Mesiya muri
Yosuwa, Mesiya, Umwana w’Imana (No. 134) ; ivyerekeye ivyabaye
muri kahise n’ikirangamisi c’ivuka rya Mesiya tubisanga muri ibi
vyigwa
Imyaka ya Kristo Igihe Yabatizwa n’Ikiringo
c’Ivugabutumwa Ryiwe (No. 019) ;
soma kandi
Urufatiro rw’Ukurema kw’Imana nka Alpha na Oméga (No.
229).
vv. 21-40
Yesu yerekanwa mu rusengero
v. 21
Matayo 1:21n.
vv. 22-24
Abalewi 12:2-8.
v. 23
Kuvayo 13:2,12.
v. 25-38
Igihe cari kigeze co kweza Yesu mu Rusengero (Kwezwa no Gukebwa (No. 251)). Simeyoni na Ana
(ntahandi tubasanga) berekana ukwizera kwabo muri Yesu
nk’Umukiza, Kristo n’Umwami w’isi yose (soma umurongo wa 11n no
haruguru). Bose ukw’ari babiri bari bigishijwe na
Mpwemu Yera (No.
117)
ivy’ukuvuka kwa Mesiya kandi ko batopfuye batamubonye kandi
bakama bahari barindiriye ko yerekanwa mu Rusengero. Gushik’ico
gihe, abavugishwa n’Imana n’abarongozi nibo bashobora kuronka
Mpwemu Yera bonyene bivuye ku Mana. Ukuvuka kwa Kristo
kwategerezwa kubihindura mu Mugambi w’Imana n’Umugambi w’Agakiza (No. 001A) ibihe vyose no ku bantu
bose no gutanga Mpwemu Yera kubabatirijwe bose mu Mashengero
y’Imana uhereye kuri Pantekoti yo mu mwaka wa 30 IC (Igihe
Cacu).
v. 25
Uguhumurizwa kwa Isirayeli
kari agakiza Mesiya yotegerejwe kubazanira (vv.
26,
38 ; 23:51).
v. 26
Kristo w’Umwami = Kristo w’Imana (9:20).
v. 29-32
"Nunc Dimitus" yiswe ukwo
bivuye ku majambo yambere yasobanuwe mu kilatini.
v. 29
kureka... akigira. Iyi mvugo ikoreshwa iyo umugurano arangije
igikorwa. Mu mahoro
n’ukugiranira amahoro n’Imana.
v. 30 3:6 ; Yesaya 52:10.
v. 32
Yesaya 42:6 ; 49:6 ; Ivyakozwe n’Intumwa 13:47 ; 26:23
v. 33
Yosefu yiswe se kubera yari se akaba n’umurezi yemewe
n’amategeko wa Yesu (nonobstant 1:34-35) (gereranya Matayo 13:55
; Luka 3:23).
v. 36
Yosuwa 19:24.
vv. 41-52
Umwana Yesu avugana n’abigisha mu Rusengero –
Niho honyene havuga ugukura kwa Yesu. v. 41
Kuvayo 23:15 ; Gus. 16:1-8.
v. 46
Abigisha bari abantu bazi
vyinshi mu kwizera kw’abayuda.
Baba
bakwije imyaka mirongwibiri kugira bemererwe gukora mu mirimo
y’Urusengero ku myaka mirongwitatu niho umuntu yashobora
kwigisha Ivyagezwe. Ni yo Mpamvu, Kristo na Yohana batashobora
gutangura kwigisha batarakwiza imyaka mirongwitatu. v. 48
Mariko 3:31-35.
vv. 50-51
2:19. v. 52 1Samweli 2:26 ; Luka 1:80 ; 2:40.
Ikigabane ca 3
1
Mu mwaka ugira icumi na gatanu Kayisari
Tiberiyo ari ku ngoma, Pontiyo Pilato ar’icegera ciwe i Yudaya,
Herode na we ar’umwami w’i Galilaya, na Filipo mwene se
ar’umwami w’igihugu co muri Ituraya n’i Tirakoniti, na Lusaniya
ar’umwami w’i Abilene, 2 na Anasi na Kayafa ar’
abaherezi bakuru, mur’uwo mwaka ijambo ry’Imana rishika kuri
Yohana mwene Zakariya, ari mu bugaragwa. 3 Aja mu
gihugu cose giherereye kuri Yorodani, yigisha abantu ukubatizwa
kwo kwihana ngo bakurwekw’ivyaha : 4 nk’uko
vyanditswe mu gitabo c’amajambo y’uwavugishwa n’Imana Yesaya,
ngw’Ijwi ry’uwusemerera mu bugaragwa ati : Ni mutegure inzira
y’Uhoraho, mugorore iz’ibihamo ziwe. 5 Umwonga wose
uzokwuzuzwa, n’umusozi wose n’akarambi bizoringanizwa,
ibigoramye bizogororoka, n’inzira z’ubukiru zizosenwa. 6 Maz’abafise
umubiri bose bazobona agakiza k’Imana. 7 Nukw’abwira
ishengero ryari rivuye i wabo rije kubatizwa na we ati : Mwa
bana b’inzoka mwe, ni nde yababuriye ngo muhunge uburake buzoza
? 8 Nuko mwame imbuto zikwiranye n’ukwihana : kandi
ntimutangure kwiyumvira mu mitima muti : ko dufise Aburahamu ni
we sogokuruza. Ndababwira yukw’aya mabuye Imana ishobora
kuyavyuramw’abana ba Aburahamu. 9 Arikw’incabiti
igenekerejwe ku bitsina vy’ibiti, nuko rero, igiti cose kitama
ivyiza kiracibwa, kigatererwa mu muriro. 10 Ishengero
riramubaza riti : None tugire dute ? 11 Arabishura
ati : Uwufise amapfundo abiri, rimwe narihe uwutarifise,
n’uwufise ivyo kurya n’agire atyo. 12 Kandi haza
n’abatozakori kubatizwa, baramubaza bati : Mwigisha tugire dute
? 13 Arabishura ati : Ntimugatoze abantu ibiruta ivyo
mwagezwe. 14 N’abasoda baramubaza bati : Tweho tugire
dute? Arabishura ati : Ntihakagire umuntu mutangisha impongano
canke mwagiriza ibinyoma, kand’ingero zanyu zibabumbe. 15 Kand’abantu
bari barorereye ibizoba, bose bakaburanisha imitima ngo kumbure
Yohana yoba Kristo. 16 Yohana ababarira bose ati :
N’ukuri jeho ndababatirisha amazi, ariko hazoza uwundusha
ubushobozi, ntibimbereye no gupfundurura utugozi tw’inkweto
ziwe : uyo azobabatiza muri Mpwemu Yera no mu muriro. 17 Urutaro
rwiwe ruri mu kuboko kwiwe, ngw’akubure imbuga yiwe neza,
yimburire ingano mu kigega ciwe, maz’umuguruka awuturire mu
muriro utazima. 18 Kand’abarira abantu ubutumwa
bwiza, abahanurisha ibindi vyinshi. 19 Maz’ahishutse
Umwami Herode ku vya Herodiya muka mwene se, no ku vy’ibindi
bibi vyose Herode yakoze, 20 kur’ivyo vyose Herode
agerekakw’iki, yugaranira Yohana mw’ibohero. 21 Nukw’abantu
bose babatijwe, na Yesu ahejeje kubatizwa, arikw’arasenga, ijuru
rirakinguruka, 22 Mpwemu Yera aramanuka amugwako,
afise ishusho y’umubiri usa n’inuma; ijwi riva mw’ijuru riti :
Ni wewe Mwana wanje nkunda ukampimbara. 23 Aho Yesu
yatangura kwigisha, yar’amaze imyaka nka mirongwitatu avutse,
kandi biyumvira ko yari mwene Yosefu, Yosefu mwene Heli,
24 Heli mwene Matati, Matati mwene Yanayi, Yanayi mwene
Yosefu, 25 Yosefu mwene matatiya, Matatiya mwene
Amosi, Amosi mwene nahumu, Nahumu mwene Esili, Esili mwene
Nagayi, 26 Nagayi mwene Mati, Mati mwene Matatiya,
Matatiya mwene Semeyini, Semeyeni
mwene Yosiki, Yosiki mwene Yoda, Yoda mwene Yohanani, 27 Yohanani
mwene Resa, Resa mwene Zerubabeli, Zerubabeli mwene Shalutiyeli,
Shalutiyeli mwene Neri, 28 Neri mwene Meluki, Meluki
mwene Adi, Adi mwene Kosamu, Kosamu mwene Elumadamu, Elumadamu
mwene Eri, Eri mwene Yesu, 29 Yesu mwene Eliyezeri,
Eliyezeri mwene Yorimu, Yorimu mwene Matati, Matati mwene Lewi,
30 Lewi mwene Simeyoni, Simeyoni mwene Yuda, Yuda
mwene Yosefu, Yosefu mwene Yonamu, Yonamu mwene Eliyakimu,
Eliyakimu mwene Meleya, 31 Meleya mwene Mena, Mena
mwene Matata, Matata mwene Natani, Natani mwene Dawidi, 32 Dawidi
mwene Isayi, Isayi mwene Obedi, Obedi mwene Bowazi, Bowazi mwene
Salumoni, Salumoni mwene Nahasoni, 33 Nahasoni mwene
Aminadabu, Aminadabu mwene Aruni, Aruni mwene Hesironi, Hesironi
mwene Peresi, 34 Peresi mwene Yuda, Yuda mwene
Yakobo, Yakobo mwene Isaka, Isaka mwene Aburahamu, Aburahamu
mwene Tera, Tera mwene Nahori, 35 Nahori mwene
Serugi, Serugi mwene Reyu, Reyu mwene Pelegi, Pelegi mwene
Eberi, Eberi mwene Shela, Shela mwene Kayinani, 36 Kayinani
mwene Arupakisadi, Arupakisadi mwene Shemu, Shemu mwene Nowa,
37 Nowa mwene Lemeki, Lemeki mwene Metusela, Metusela
mwene Henoki, Henoki mwene
Yeredi, Yeredi mwene Mahalaleyeli, 38 Mahalaleyeli
mwene Kayinani, Kayinani mwene Enoshi, Enoshi mwene Seti, Seti
mwene Adamu, Adamu w’Imana.
Intumbero y’Ikigabane ca 3
Ivugabutumwa rya Yohana Umubatizi
vv. 1-18
Yohana Umubatizi ategura inzira ya Yesu
(Matayo 3:1-12 ; Mariko 1:1-8).
v. 1
Mu mwaka ugira icumi na gatanu Kayisari Tiberiyo ari
ku ngoma, Pontiyo Pilato ar’icegera ciwe i Yudaya.
Pilato, yari we mucamanza afata ingingo yanyuma mu
baromani kandi yarafise ububasha bukomeye i Yudaya (23:1).
Ahasigaye hose mu bwami bwa Herode Uwuhambaye bwagabuwe mu
bahungu ba Herode Antipas (9:7 ; 23 : 6:7) Filipo (kuvy’icegera,
soma Matayo 14:1n.). Abilène, mu buraruko bw’aho Filipo yatwara hari hafatanye gushika mu
kinjana ca mbere. Uwo mwaka uvugwa ni umwaka wa 27 IC (Igihe
Cacu). Imyaka y’abami yatangura muri Abibu. Aho ni mugihe,
umwaka w’ikirangamisi c’i babuloni, etc. watangurana n’Imboneko
z’Ukwezi kwa Tishiri Ukwezi kw’Indwi. Imboneko z’Ukwezi
baziruhukako nk’isabato mu kirangamisi c’Urusengero (soma
Ikirangamisi c’Imana (No. 156)). Ikirangamisi c’Abayuda
ca Hillel cashizweho mu mwaka wa 358 IC gikozwe na Rabbin Hillel
II wa kabiri kandi nticemewe n’Amashengero y’Imana.
v. 2
Anasi [Anne] n’umwuzukuru wiwe Kayafa (Yohana 18:13) bakorera mu
Rusengero nk’abaherezi. Kayafa yari umuherezi mukuru w’ico gihe
(Matayo 26:3 soma ibiri mu cigwa
F040vi ; Mariko 14:53-65 (F041iv) Yohana 11:49 ; 18:12-14). Igihe c’urubanza rwa
Kristo, bibonekana ko Anasi yari mu gishingo ca Ab Beth Din,
nk’uko twabibonye muri Matayo na Mariko amaja hasi, naho Schürer
yiyumvira ko urwo rwego gwoba gwashizweho mu nyuma (soma kandi
Ivyakozwe n’Intumwa 4:6). Luka arahushanya uburongozi bwemerwa
n’abantu n’ubushobozi bw’ijambo ry’Imana (1Ab’i Korinto
1:26-31). Yohana soma
Matayo 3:1n. v. 3 Mariko 1:4n. vv. 4-6 Yesaya
40:3-5.
v. 5
Iri somo riraterana intege mu mubiri no mu mpwemu, ariko ahari
agakiza k’Imana haca haba n’urubanza (v. 7 ; Amosi 5:18-20),
v. 7
incira
inzoka y’ubumara yaba muri ako karere (Yesaya 30:6 ; 59:5 ; Matayo 12:34 ;
23:33) Uburake soma Matayo 3:7n,
v. 8
Yohana yabararikiye kugororoka no kubaho ubuzima bushingiye
k’ubugombe bw’Imana (Matayo 7:15-20 ; Ab’i Galatiya 5:22-23)
kandi bakama ivyamwa vyo kwihana (Matayo 3:2n). Ivyo kwitwaza
ngo bafise Aburahamu nka se wabo n’amahirwe ashingiye k’ukuvuka
atari mumyitwarire mu bijanye n’Ivyagezwe n’Ubugombe bw’Imana
ari bwo butumwa bwahawe abanyamahanga barikumwe na Mesiya mu
kiringo kigiye kuza (Yohana 8:33,39 ; Abaroma 2:28-29). v. 9
Umuriro
n’ikimenyetso c’urubanza (Matayo 7:19 ; 13:40-42 ; Abaheburayo
6:7-8).
vv. 10-11
6:29 Ivyakozwe n’Intumwa 2:44-45 ; 4:32-35.
vv. 12-13
19:2,8, v. 15 Ivyakozwe n’Intumwa13:25 ; Yohana 1:19-22
Luka 7:19, v. 16 ivyakozwe n’Intumwa 1:5 ; 11:16 ; 19:4.
v. 18
Kand’abarira abantu ubutumwa bwiza
= Yigisha ubutumwa bwiza
bw’Ubwami bw’Imana bugiye kuza kubw’ikigongwe mu kwihana (v. 3)
n’ukubaho kw’imigenderanire mishasha n’Imana (vv. 15-17).
Yar’intango y’ivugabutumwa nk’uko biri mu kimenyetso
ca Yona, Yohana agafata iyambere dufatiye ko umwaka umwe
ugereranywa n’umusi umwe mu maka wa 27 IC, maze Mesiya
agasubirira Yohana igihe Yohana yashirwa mw’ibohero inyuma ya
Pasika yo mu mwaka wa 28
IC hagakurikirako ikiringo c’imyaka ibiri aho Mesiya nawe yakora
inyuma ya Pasika yo mu mwaka wa 28 IC gushika kuri Pasika yo mu
mwaka wa 30 IC ; aho yaciye yicwa ku wa gatatu (mercredi)
igenekerezo rya 5 ndamukiza umwaka wa 30 IC maze akamara imisi
itatu n’amajoro atatu mu nda y’isi, maze akazuka samedi Isabato
yo ku wa 8 irangiye hanyuma yurira mw’ijuru mu cumba c’ubwami
bw’Intebe y’Imana dimanche mu gatondo isaha zitatu, ku wa 9
ndamukiza mu mwaka wa 30 IC, nk’Ishikanwa ry’Ivyeze Rizunguzwa (No. 106B) ry’Umwimbu w’Ingano.
Yuda abona guhabwa Imyaka Mirongwine yo Kwihana, dufatiye ko
umwaka umwe ugereranywa n’umusi umwe, aho ab’i Ninewe bo
bihanye, Abayuda bobo ntibigeze bihana maze barahona mu mwaka wa
70 IC (Ikimenyetso ca Yona n’Inkuru y’Isubirakwubakwa
ry’Urusengero (No. 013)). Ni co kimenyetso conyene cahawe Ishengero, nk’uko tubibona mu bundi
butumwa bwiza, soma kandi
Insiguro kuri Yona (F032) co kimwe n’Iherahezwa ry’Ikimenyetso ca Yona (No. 013B).
vv. 19-20
Herode aterera Yohana mw’ibohero.
(Matayo 14:3-4 ; Mariko 6:17-18).
Ikivugwa ku mirongo ya 19-20 bisa nk’ibidahuye, kuko
Yohana yapfunzwe inyuma y’ukubatizwa kwa Kristo, hakurikiye
igihe c’ukugeragezwa/ugupimwa mu bugaragwa no gutoranya abo
bafashanije mw’ivugabutumwa. Inyuma ya Pasika yo mu mwaka wa 28
IC, Yohana n’abigishwa biwe babatiriza ahitwa
Énon [Aenon], hafi y’i
Salim, kandi Kristo nawe yari hafi muri iyo micungararo
n’abigishwa biwe, naho Kristo ubwiwe atabatiza. (Matayo 14:3-4 ;
Mariko 6:17-18).
vv. 21-22
Yohana abatiza Yesu (Matayo 3:13-17 ; Mariko
1:9-11 ; Yohana 1:29-34). Soma Matayo 3:16-17n, v. 21 Iri
sengesho ryarimwo vyinshi vyerekana ubuzima n’ivugabutumwa vya
Kristo (nk’akarorero, Mariko 1:35 ; Luka 5:16 ; 6:12 ; 9:18,28 ;
11:1 ; 22:41-46).
v. 22
Nkunda akampimbara
soma Mariko 1:11n ; Zaburi 2:7 ; Yesaya 42:1 ; Luka 9:35.
Imyaka ya Kristo Igihe Yabatizwa n’Ikiringo
c’Ivugabutumwa Ryiwe (No. 019). Har’ivyo dutahura dufatiye kur’aya
majambo :
"Turazi neza, twisunze Luka 3:1, ko Yohana yatanguye ivugabutumwa mu
mwaka ugira cumi na gatanu Kayisariya Tiberiyo ari ku ngoma’,
bikaba bidashoboka ko yoba yaritanguye imbere y’ukwezi kwa
gitugutu umwaka wa 27 IC, mu gihe dukoreye ku kirangamisi
gisanzwe gikomeye cane mu Buseruko. Tiberiyo yatanguye gutwara
igenekerezo rya 17
nyakanga umwaka wa 14 IC, duca dutora umwaka wa 27 IC gusa
mugihe ukwezi kwa nyakanga guharuwemwo nk’uko ari mu mwaka
wambere hama umwaka ugira kabiri wugatangura muri gitugutu
umwaka wa 14 IC. Umwaka ugira 15 watanguye mu kwezi kwa gitugutu
umwaka wa 27 IC. Uguhamagara kwa Yohana kugira ngo abantu bihane
kwatanguye ku Musi Mukuru w’Impongano uwo mwaka nyene,
birabandanya gushika kw’Ipasika y’umwaka wa 28 EC, igenekerezo
yafatiweko. Turazi ko Kristo yabatijwe inyuma gato y’ukwezi kwa
gitugutu umwaka wa 27 IC kandi imbere ya Pasika y’umwaka wa 28
IC. Umubatizo wa Kristo wabaye gato imbere y’itangura ku
mugaragaro y’ivugabutumwa ryiwe kandi yarakoze ibikorwa bitari
bike inyuma y’ukubatizwa kwiwe, n’imbere yo gutangura
ivugabutumwa ryiwe n’ugufungwa kwa Yohana Umubatizi.
Twisunze Luka 3:21, turabona ko Kristo atari mu bambere babatijwe na
Yohana, ariko ko yabatijwe inyuma y’abandi benshi, kandi,
ukubatizwa kwiwe kwabaye inyuma gato y’ukwezi kwa gitugutu
umwaka wa 27 IC, birashika hakaba hari inyuma y’umwaka wa 28 IC.
Umwanya w’inyuma y’ukubatizwa kwiwe wuhera kuva ku musi w’ukwo kubatizwa
kwiwe, hama ukwisonzesha imirango 40 n’amajoro 40. Munyuma aca
asubira kwa Yohana Umubatizi aca atoranya abigishwa biwe mu misi
itatu (Yohana 1:35-45). Umusi ugira gatatu niho yakora
igitangaza co guhindura amazi vino mu bukwe bw’I Kana (Yohana
2:1). Mu nyuma aca agenda i Kaperenawumu aho yahamaze "imisi
mike" (Yohana 2:12). Munyuma Pasika yari yegereje.
Mu bisanzwe, ikiringo kiri hagati y’aho Kristo yabatizwa na Pasika yo mu
mwaka wa 28 IC kingana n’imisi 44, hakiyongerako ‘iyindi misi
mike (twovuga 6). Twisunze ivyanditswe muri Luka, ikigabane ca
3, tubona ko ukubatizwa kwiwe n’ukugeragezwa kwiwe mu bugaragwa
vyose vyabaye ataratangura gukora kumugaragaro, igihe
c’impongano, zo mu Mwaka wo Kwemererwamwo n’Umwami Imana. Muri
make, Umwaka ugira Cumi na Gatanu ku ngoma ya Tiberiyo
utegerezwa guharurwa uhereye ku wa 1 Abibu, hisunzwe amezi
y’Abami, atari mu kwezi kwa Tishiri nk’uko bamwe bavyiyumvira.
Gutyo rero, igihe co kubatizwa kwiwe yarafise imyaka 31 ans nimiburiburi
kandi noneho yararenga.
Ikigabane ca 4 co muri Matayo kitwigisha ko Kristo yatanguye kwigisha
inyuma y’ifungwa rya Yohana Umubatizi, aho yaja kwigisha i
Kaperinawumu (vv. 12-13). Umurongo wa 17 wurabivuga neza :
"Guhera ubwo, Yesu atangura kwigisha ati : Mwihane, kuk’ubwami
bwo mw’ijuru buri hafi". Urukurikirane rw’imirongo ya 18 gushika
22 herekana ko Petero, Andereya, Yakobo na Yohana bahamagawe
inyuma y’ifungwa rya Yohana Umubatizi, ariko n’itunganywa ryiza
ry’ingene inkuru yagenze kugira ngo umurongo wa 23 utahurike
neza. Urwo rukurikirane ruri no muri Mariko 1:14-20 n’umurongo
wa 21 wukurikira ukwinjira i Kaperinawumu.
Muri Yohana 2 haratwereka ko Yesu yakoze igitangaza co guhindura amazi
vino imbere yuko atangura ivugabutumwa ryiwe (soma Yohana 2:4).
"Igihe ciwe (canke isaha) nticaribwo kigere" ; abigishwa
biwe ni ho bari barikumwe na we ariko hari imbere yuko aja i
Kaperinawumu.
Turavye muri Yohana 1:35, tubona ko Andereya,
mwenenyina wa Petero, yari umwigishwa wa Yohana kandi ko
yahavuye akurikira Kristo. Ni we yazanye Petero kuri Kristo
akamubwira ko yabonye Mesiya (Yohana 1:41), akaba yaciye yita
Petero Kefa (Céphas). Matayo 4:18-22 na Mariko 1:14-20
n’incamake y’inkuru nyayo y’ihamagarwa ry’intumwa za mbere.
Birashoboka neza, twisunze muri Yohana, ko bari bahamagawe kandi
bakabatizwa imbere y’aho, kandi ko kwabaye uguhamagarwa kugira
ngo igikorwa nyezina gitangure.
Yohana 2:22 herekana ko inyuma y’ubukwe bw’i Kana mu Bugalile, Yesu
n’abigishwa biwe baciye baja i Yudaya, aho yamaranye na bo imisi
babatiza, naho Yesu ubwiwe atabatiza (Yohana 4:2). Yohana
Umubatizi yabatiriza na we ahitwa i Énon, hafi y’i Salim, kandi
hari hegereje Pasika yo mu mwaka wa 28 IC (Yohana 2:13).
Moffatt we ashira iki gice ca Yohana 3:22-30 hagati ya Yohana 2:12 na 13,
kuko Yohana ntiyari bwo ashirwe mw’ibohero ico gihe, ariko
kubera Yesu yatanguye gukora ibitangaza ku musi wa Pasika, bica
bibonekana ko Yohana yafunzwe ico gihe. Matayo arashimangira ko
Kristo yatanguye kwigisha inyuma y’ifungwa rya Yohana. Muri
make, Kristo ntiyatanguye kwigisha imbere ya Pasika yo mu mwaka
wa 28 IC, atar’ukwo ubutumwa bwiza bwoba buvuguruzanya kandi
Ijambo ry’Imana ririsigura ryo nyene.
Ivyanditswe vyo mu Butumwa Bwiza bwa Yohana, mugihe bukurikiranijwe mu
rutonde, bwerekana ko Kristo yinjiye mu Rusengero ku Pasika
y’umwaka wa 28 IC, agakora ibitangaza, maze aca yidugira mu
misozi y’i Yudaya aho abigishwa biwe babatiza mugihe Yohana
Umubatizi na we yariko abatiriza i Énon. Ivyo vyanditswe
vyerekana ko inyigisho za Kristo nyazo zamaze n’imiburiburi
imyaka ibiri, uhereye kuri Pasika y’umwaka wa 28 IC."
Igihe c’ivugabutumwa uhereye k’ukubatizwa gushika
kw’Izuka n’Iduzwa mw’ijuru rya Nyuma tubisanga mu vyigwa vyitwa
Igihe c’Ukubambwa n’Ukuzuka (No. 159) n’
Imisi Mirongwine Yakurikiye Ukuzuka kwa Kristo (No.
159A)).
Amamuko ya Mesiya
vv. 23-38
Ba sekuru ba Yesu
(Matayo 1:1-17 ;
F040).
Uru rukurikirane ruramanuka gushika kuri Adamu,
umuntu wa mbere yaremwe, n’ukuvuga ko bose bahuriye kuri Mesiya.
Uru rutonde narwo rubonekana nk’amamuko ya Mariyamu, umukobwa wa
Heli mwene Matati (urutonde rurabandanya gushika kuri Zorobabeli
(v. 27) ariko ntaho yanditswe canke azwi) (soma kandi
No. 119
n’Itanguriro 5:3-32 ; 11:10-26 ; Rusi 4:18-22 ; 1Ngoma 1:1-4,
24-28 ; 2:1-15). Muka Heli yari umulewikazi akaba yavukana na
nyina wa Elisabeti, muka Zakariya, umuherezi mukuru w’ubupfindo
bw’Umunani bwa Abiya. Yari umulewikazi naho Bibiliya ataco ivuga
ku muryango wiwe na Lewi, ategerezwa kuba yakomoka mu muryango
w’abalewi, kubera ko yari umugore w’Umuherezi Mukuru. Mu
bisanzwe, ubuhanuzi buvuga ivya Mesiya ku rupfu rwiwe igihe
yacumitwa icumu n’umuromani, bugereranya ivya Dawidi na Natani,
nico gisokuru kivugwa aha, co kimwe n’ubuhanuzi bwa Shimeyi
buvuga ivya Lewi baririra uwacumiswe (Zek. 12:10-14). Tubona ko
Mesiya yakomoka kuri Lewi mu muryango wa shimeyi : (witwa
Abashimeyi mu mpera y’ubwo buhanuzi).
Ku nsiguro itomoye, soma :
v. 23
Yesu yari mu myaka mirongwitatu
nk’uko bisiguwe mu cigwa ca (No.
019) (soma kandi Yohana
8:57).
Ikigabane ca 4
1
Yesu yuzuzwa Mpwemu Yera, ava kuri Yorodani, agendagendeshwa mu
bugaragwa na Mpwemu, amaray’imisi mirongwine,
2 ageragezwa n’Umurwanizi. Kandi mur’iyo misi nta co
yariye; ishize arasonza. 3 Umurwanizi aramubwira
ati : Ni waba ur’Umwana w’Imana, bwira iri buye ricike umusima.
4 Yesu aramwishura ati : Vyanditswe ng’Umuntu
ntatugwa n’umutsima gusa. 5 Aramudugana, amwereka
ubwami bwose bwo mw’isi mu kanya gato. 6 Umurwaninizi
aramubwira ati : Ndaguha ubu bubasha bwose n’ubwiza bwabwo, kuko
jewe nabuhawe, kandi mbuha uwo ngomba wese. 7 Nuko ni
wampfukamira, ukansenga, ubwo bwose buraba ubwawe. 8 Yesu
aramwishura ati : Vyanditswe ngo : Usenge Uhoraho, Imana yawe,
abe ari yo usaba yonyene. 9 Amujana i Yerusalemu,
amuhagarika mu gatwe k’urusengero, aramubwira ati : Ni waba ari
Umwana w’Imana, ikororere hasi, kuko vyanditswe ngo : 10 Azokuragiza
abamarayika biwe, ngo bakuzigame ; 11 kandi ngo :
Bazokuramira mu maboko yabo, ngo kumbure ntutsitare kw’ibuye.
12 Yesu aramwishura ati : Vyaravuzwe ngo
Ntukagerageze Uhoraho, Imana yawe. 13 Umurwanizi
arangije ivy’amugerageresha vyose, amara igihe amuretse.
14 Maze Yesu asubira i Galilaya, ari n’ubushobozi bwa
Mpwemu, inkuru yiwe ikwira mu gihugu cose kihakikije. 15 Yigishiriza
mu masinagogi yabo, bose baramushima. 16 Aja i
Nazareti, iyo yakuriye, ku musi w’Isabato yinjira mw’isinagogi,
nk’uko yamenyereye, ava hasi ngw’asome. 17 Bamuha
igitabo c’uwavugishwa n’Imana Yesaya, arakizingurura, abona
ahantu handitswe ngo : 18 Mpwemu w’Uhoraho ari kuri
jewe, Ni co catumye andobanuza amavuta kugira ngo mbwire aboro
ubutumwa bwiza; Yantumye kumenyesha abarindwa ko barekuwe,
n’impumyi ko zihumuka, no kubohora abanywagutse imitima.
19 No
kumenyesha abantu umwaka wo kwemererwamwo n’Uhoraho. 20 Azinga
igitabo, agisubiza umusanzi w’inzu, aricara; abantu bose bari
mw’isinagogi bamuhanga amaso. 21 Atangura kubabwira
ati : Ivyo vyanditswe birashitse uyu musi, nk’ukw’amatwi yanyu
yiyumviye. 22 Bose baramushima, batangazwa n’amajambo
y’igikundiro avuye mu kanwa kiwe, bati Mbeg’uyu siwe mwene
Yosefu ? 23 Arababwira ati : Ntimuzobura kuncira uyu
mugani, muti Muvuzi, wivure. Ivyo twumvise vyose ko wakoreye i
Kaperinawumu, ubikorere n’ino mu ntara
y’i wanyu. 24, Kand’ati : Ndababwire ukuri,
Nta muntu avugishwa n’Imana yemerwa mu ntara y’i wabo. 25 Ariko
ndababwire ukuri, harih’abapfakazi benshi
mu Bisirayeli mu gihe ca Eliya,
hamwe ijuru ryakingwa,
imvura imyaka itatu n’amezi atandatu, ikigoyi cinshi kigatera mu
gihugu cose ; 26 yamara Eliya ntiyatumwa kuri n’umwe
muri bo, arikw’atumwa i Zarefati mu gihugu c’i Sidoni ku mugore
w’umupfakazi. 27 Kandi harih’abanyamibembe benshi mu
Bisirayeli mu gihe c’uwavugishwa n’Imana Elisa, ntihakizwa
n’umwe muri bo, atari Namani Umusiriya. 28 Abo
mw’isinagogi bose bumvise ivyo barashungumirwa. 29 Bava
hasi, baramushika bamukura mu gisagara cabo, bamujana ku manga
y’umusozi wubatswekw’igisagara cabo, ngo bamutembagarizeyo.
30 Arikw’aca hagati muri bo, arigira. 31 Aramanuka
aja i Kaperinawumu, igisagara c’i Galilaya;
kand’arikw’arabigisha kw’isabato. 32 Batangazwa
n’inyigisho ziwe, kukw’ijambo ryiwe ryari n’ububasha. 33 Kandi
mw’isinagogi har’umuntu yinjiwemwo n’impwemu ya dayimoni
ahumanye, asemerera n’ijwi rirenga ati : 34 Yo !
Duhuriye hehe ga Yesu Munyanazareti? Uje kuduhonya? Ndakuzi
uw’uri we, ur’uwera w’Imana. 35 Yesu aramuzibiza
ati : Hora, muvemwo. Dayimoni amutuye hasi hagati yabo,
amuvamwo, atagize ico amugira. 36 Bose baratangara,
barabazanya bati : Iryo n’ijambo ki? N’ububasha n’ubushobozi
agera impwemu zihumanye zigasohoka ! 37 Inkuru yiwe
ikwira hose mu ntara ihakikije. 38 Ava hasi,
arasohoka ava mw’isinagogi, yinjira mu nzu kwa Simoni. Kandi
inabukwe wa Simoni yar’afashwe n’umururumbo ukomeye,
baramumwingingira. 39 Amuhagarara i ruhande,
akankamira umururumbo, urazima; avyuka uwo mwanya, arabazimana.
40 Kandi ku kirengazuba, abari bafise abarwaye bose
barwaye indwara zitari zimwe barabamuzanira.
Abarambikakw’ibiganza umwe-umwe, arabakiza. 41 Kandi
n’abadayimoni bava muri benshi, basemerera bati : Ur’Umwana
w’Imana. Arabazibiza ntiyabakundira ko bavuga, kuko bari bazi
yukw’ari Kristo. 42 Kand’ijoro rikeye, arasohoka, aja
mu gahinga; ishengero riramurondera, bashika ah’ari, bageza
kumubuza ngo ntave muri bo. 43, Maz’arababwira ati :
Nkwiye kuvuga ubutumwa bwiza bw’ubwami bw’Imana no mu bindi
bisagara, kukw’ari co natumwe. 44 Nukw’avugira ijambo
ry’Imana mu masinagogi y’i Galilaya.
Intumbero y’Ikigabane ca 4
Ukugeragezwa kwa Kristo
vv. 1-13
Satani agerageza Yesu mu bugaragwa
(Matayo 4:1-11 ; Mariko 1:12-13). Urutonde gw’ingene yageragejwe
ruratandukanye n’urwo muri Matayo, ariko ibigeragezo ni vyabindi
nyene. v. 1 Yuzuzwa Mpwemu Yera iyi n’imvugo y’abakristo
ba mbere (Ivyakozwe n’Intumwa 2:4 ; 6:3,5 ; 7:55 ; 11:24).
Ahejeje kubatizwa, Kristo yaciye aja mu bugaragwa aho
yageragerejwe imisi mirongwine (Luka 4:1-2). Aho ni ho,
yageragerejwe na Satani kandi yaranesheje ico kiringo cose kandi
kubw’ivyo na satani niho yaciriwe urubanza. Vyaheze arukwo
Kristo agarutse naho bidatahuritse neza mu buhanuzi (Luka
4:13-21).
vv. 16-30
Yesu yirukanwa i Nazareti
vv. 16-19
Mesiya amaze iyo misi mirongwine mu bugaragwa yaciye agaruka i
Galilaya, kandi yari yakoreye i Nazareti ubuhanuzi bw’Imana
bwavuzwe na Yesaya. Bikaba vyanditswe muri Yesaya 61:1-2 hamwe
n’ivyo muri Yesaya 58:6 (soma Matayo 3:1n ; Luka 13:11,16n).
Yesaya 61:1-2
Mpwemu w’Umwami Uhoraho ari kuri jewe, kuk’Uhoraho yandobanuje
amavuta ngo mbwire abaciye bugufi ubutumwa bwiza; yantumye
gutubika imitima imenetse, no kumenyesha abarindwa ko barekuwe
n’imbohe ko zugururiwe ; 2 ngo menyeshe abantu umwaka
wo kwemererwamwo n’Uhoraho, n’umusi wo kwihora kw’Imana yacu;
ngo nirure abagandaye bose ; (BY)
Ivyanditswe muri Luka birirengagiza amajambo :
gutubika imitima imenetse. Amajambo : kumenyesha
abarindwa ko barekuwe, na yo turayasanga muri Yesaya 58:6,
ivyarekuwe mu bisomwa (cf.
The Companion Bible ibivugwa kuri Luka 4:18). Iri jambo,
umwaka wo kwemererwamwo n’Uhoraho, Bullinger yawusiguye
nk’umwaka wa Yubile mu gisomwa co muri Yesaya, kandi avuga ko
ishobora kuba ari Yubile, canke ugasanga yabivuze gutyo kubera
ari wo mwaka Kristo yatanguriyemwo ivugabutumwa. Noneho yari
yubile uravye ivyanditswe (soma
No. 250).
Ntibishoboka ko iba intango y’ivugabutumwa rya Kristo,
kuko Kristo yatanguye kuvuga ubutumwa inyuma ya Pasika y’umwaka
wa 28 IC, igihe Yohana Umubatizi yashirwa mw’ibohero (Matayo
4:12-17 ; Mariko 1:12-14 ; Yohana 3:23-24). Ayo majambo
yayavugiye i Galilaya ariko inyuma y’ukubatizwa kwiwe ku musi
w’Impongano imbere ya Pasika, kandi har’imbere yuko Yohana
ashirwa mw’ibohero. Yari yemerewe kwigisha mw’isinagogi
nk’ukw’itegeko rivuga, kuko yarafise imyaka mirongwitatu.
Luka 3:18-20 havuga ivy’ishirwa mu gasho rya Yohana,
ariko bibonekana ko ari ivyongewemwo aho hantu. Ukwo gufungwa
ntikuhari ngo kwerekane igihe, ariko nk’igikorwa co muri kazoza
gisozerewe. Aha hasa nkahavuga ibikorwa vyose vya Yohana
mw’ivugabutumwa ryiwe nk’integuza ya Mesiya n’ivugabutumwa
ryiwe, naho bidatondetse neza muri rusangi. Igikorwa co muri
Luka 4:1-20 kiza inyuma yo kugeragezwa n’imbere y’igitangaza c’i
Kana, kandi har’imbere yuko atoranya intumwa ziwe hama aja i
Yerusalemu mu gihe ca Pasika ku wa1 Nisani n’umugirwa wo kwiyeza
gushika ico kiringo kirangiye (soma icigwa
Ukweza
Urusengero rw’Imana (No. 241)).
Gutyo rero, "ugusoma muri Yesaya" vyabaye mu mwaka wa
Yubile, ugereranije n’ikiringo co muri Ezekiyeli, kandi Bibiliya
yitwa Naves Topical Bible yerekana ko ivyo bisomwa
vyavuga Yubile (cf. Jubilé p. 755). Wari kandi Umwaka
wo Kwidegemvya (ibid., soma Ezekiyeli 46:17). Gutyo rero,
Kristo yavuze ko umwaka wa 27 IC yari Yubile uhereye ku musi
w’Impongano aho watangarizwa nk’uko vyagezwe, kandi imbere
y’intango y’umwaka ku wa 1 Nisan. Ivyo vyabaye inyuma y’ibikorwa
vya Yohana Umubatizi n’ukubatizwa kwa Yesu n’ukugeragezwa kwiwe
na satani mu bugaragwa. Ivugabutumwa ryiwe ryatanguranye
n’umwaka wa mbere wa Yubile ya Kabiri uhereye kw’ivugururwa ryo
muri Ezira na Nehemiya (cf.
Ugusoma Ivyagezwe muri Ezira na Nehemiya (No. 250))
;
Yubile y’Izahabu (No. 300) n’Iherahezwa ry’Ikimenyetso ca Yona (No. 013B)).
Ugutangaza umwaka wa Yubile vyari bikenewe mu ntango
no mu mpera, kugira ngo isi ndimwa iruhuke ibone kwimbuka
hategurwe umwimbu w’umwaka wa mbere wa Yubile izokurikira no
kurekurwa kw’abagurano boba bari bararenganijwe ku mwaka wa
yubile.
v. 17
igitabu
– umuzingo Yesu
yazinguruye. Ico bita codex nticaribwo gitangure.
vv. 20-30
Baramusunura
Ukw’abantu bavyakiriye (v. 22) havuyemwo kumuhindira
hanze. Abantu b’i Nazareti/Galilaya baramwirukanye baranka
kumwemera kandi ntabikorwa vyinshi yahakoreye kubera kutizera
kwabo. Kristo nikwo kuvuga ko atawuvugishwa n’Imana yemerwa mu
gihugu ciwabo (v. 24) aca atanga mbere akarorero kuri Eliya
igihe ijuru ryugarwa imyaka itatu n’amezi atandatu (nk’uko
bizoba mu misi yanyuma imbere y’ukugaruka kwa Mesiya ; soma (210A na
210B) (141D) (F066iii na
v).
Eliya yarungitswe ku mugore w’umupagani, umupfakazi,
w’i Zarepta, mu gihugu c’i Sidoni.
Ni vyo vyabaye no kuri Elisa; hari abanyamibembe benshi
muri Isirayeli, ariko ntanumwe Imana yahumanuye, uretse Namani
umunyasiriya (vv.
25-27) (soma kandi v. 15 ; Matayo 4:23 ; 9:35) (soma kandi vv.
17,20 ; gereranya Ivyakozwe n’Intumwa 13:15 ;
v. 28
Aho bumviye avuga ivyo bose baciye bashavura. Intumbero y’ivyo
vyanditswe kwari ukubwira Agakiza Abanyamahanga (soma
Ubutumwa
bw’Ikigabane ca 14 co mu Vyahishuriwe Yohana (No. 270)). Abantu bagomba
kumufata ngo bamuhenurire mu rumanga, arikw’aca hagati muri bo,
arigira (vv. 29-30).
vv. 31-37
YYesu yigishanya Ubushobozi buhambaye
(Matayo 7:28-29 ; Mariko
1:21-28).
v. 31
Yesu aja i Kaperinawumu, igisagara c’i Galilaya, kandi
yabigishije ari ku musi w’Isabato mw’isinagogi, maze batangazwa
cane n’inyigisho ziwe (n’ukuvuga akanovera k’inyigisho yiwe) (v.
32). v. 33 Soma Mariko 1:23n. Abadayimoni bari bazwi
nk’imiyaga, igwanya abantu ikagwanya n’Ivyagezwe vy’Imana.
Barazitinya cane mbere abantu wamengo ntabubasha bafise imbere
yazo. Yesu yarabahaye ububasha ku badayimoni nk;uko tubibona
muri Luka Luc 11:1,17,
20-22 (soma kandi Matayo 4:24n. ; 12:22n ; Luka 7:33n. 13:16n).
vv. 38-41
Yesu akiza nyinabukwe wa Petero n’abandi benshi
(Matayo 8:14-17 ; Mariko 1:29-39).
v. 40
Bose
Yesu yaritwararitse abantu, nk’uko tubibona ku mirongo ya. 18-19.
v. 41 Abadayimoni soma v. 33n ;
vv. 42-44
Yesu yigisha i Galilaya hose
(Matayo 4:23-25 ; Mariko 1:35-39).
v. 44
Niho honyene habitomora, mu kigabane ca Kane, guhera kuntango
y’ivugabutumwa rya Yesu i Yudaya, hagereranye kandi na Matayo
23:37 ; Luka 13:34. Ivyanditswe vyambere ntibibitomora neza,
kuko i Galilaya
harabonekana cane mu bishingantahe vyo hambere, n’ahandi nk’aha
(Matayo 4:23 ; Mariko 1:39) (soma ivyongewe muri Bible Oxford
RSV).
Ivyanditswe na Bullinger kuri Luka, Ibigabane vya 1-4 (kuri
Bibiliya yitwa KJV)
[biri mu congereza gusa]
Chapter 1
Verse 1
Forasmuch as = Since, as is well known indeed.
Greek. epeideper. Occurs only here in N.T.
have in hand. Implying previous non = success
(Acts
19:13 ). Elsewhere only in Acts
9:29 . A medical word. Compare Colossians
4:14 .
to set forth in order = to draw up.
a declaration = a narrative.
Greek. diegesis. Occurs only here in N.T., used by Galen of a
medical treatise.
of = concerning. Greek. peri. App-104 . Not
the same word as in verses: Luke
1:5 , Luke
1:27 , Luke
1:35 , Luk 5:61.
things = matters, or facts.
which are most surely believed = which have
been fully accomplished; i.e. in fulfilment of prophetic
announcement. among. Greek. en. App-104 . As in verses: Luke
1:25 , Luke
1:28 , Luke
1:42
from . Greek apo. App-104 .
from the beginning . Greek. ap' arches; i.e.
from the birth or ministry of the Lord. Compare John
15:27 . Acts
1:1 , Acts
1:21 , Acts
1:22 .
were = became.
eyewitnesses. Greek autoptai. Occurs only
here. Not the same word as in 2
Peter 1:16 . A medical word (Colossians
4:14 ). Compare our autopsy.
ministers = attendants. A technical word,
often translated "officer".
having had perfect understanding = having
followed up accurately.
all. The 1611 edition of the Authorized
Version omitted this "all".
from the very first = from above.
Greek. anothen. As in Matthew
27:51 (the top, Mark
15:38 ). John
3:3 , John
3:7 (again), John
3:31 (from above); Luke
19:11 , Luke
19:23 .James
1:17 ; James
3:1 , James
3:17 . It may mean from the beginning, as in Acts
26:5 , but there is no need to introduce that meaning
here, as it is already in Luke
1:2 . Moreover, havingunderstood them "from above",
he necessarily understood them from the very beginning, as well
as perfectly, or accurately. The greater includes the less.
in order = with method. most excellent. A
title of social degree, not of moral quality. See Acts
23:26 ; Acts
26:25 .
Theophilus. A common Roman name = beloved of
God.
That = in order that.
mightest know = get to have full knowledge.
Greek. epiginosko.) App-132 . Not the same word as in verses: Luke
1:18 , Luke
1:34 .
things = words.
wherein = concerning (Greek. peri. App-104 .)
which.
thou hast been instructed = thou wast [orally]
taught. Greek. katecheo. See Acts
18:25 . 1
Corinthians 14:19 . Galatians
1:6 , Galatians
1:6 .
There was = There came to be. A Hebraism,
Compare Luke
1:8 , and see on Luke
2:1 .
in . Greek en. App-104 . Not the same word as
in verses: Luke
1:15 , Luke
1:20 , Luke
1:44-47 .
in the days . A Hebraism. See Matthew
2:1 . Compare Esther
1:1 .
Herod. See App-109 .
the king. This title had been conferred by the
Roman Senate on the recommendation of Antony and Octavius.
of = out of. Greek. ek, App-104 .
Abia is named in 1
Chronicles 24:10 , and Nehemiah
12:17 . Out of the four who returned from Babylon
twenty-four courses were formed (by lot) with the original
names. See App-179 .
the daughters of Aaron . The female
descendants of Aaron always married priests
Elisabeth. Aaron's wife, Elisheba (Exodus
6:23 )is spelled Elizabeth in the Septuagint.
before. The Texts
read enantion, not enopion (= in the presence of, as Luke
1:19 ). Both are found in the Papyri in this sense.
God . App-98 .
ordinances = legal requirements. Greek. Plural
of dlkaioma, which should always be so rendered in its other
nine occurrences (Romans
1:32 ; Romans
2:26; Luke
5:16 , Luke
5:18 ; Luke
8:4 ; Hebrews
9:1 , Hebrews
9:10 ; Revelation
15:4 ; Revelation
19:8 ). Compare Numbers
36:13 . Sometimes rendered "judgments" (Exodus
21:1 ; Exodus
24:3 ), where LXX has dikaioma.
the LORD. Must here and elsewhere be often
rendered Jehovah. See App-98 . A. b.
no. Greek. ou. App-106 .
child. Greek. teknon. See App-108 .
because that = inasmuch as.
well stricken = advanced.
it came to pass. A Hebraism. See note on Luke
1:5 .
while he executed, &c. = in
(Greek. en. App-104 .) executing. Greek. hierateuo, to act as a
priest. Not peculiar to Biblical Greek, but found often in the
Papyri.
According to . Greek. kata. App-104 .
his lot was = it fell to him by lot.
to burn incense. Greek. thumiao. Occurs only
here in N.T. incense. The first recorded use of incense by man
began in disobedience (Numbers
16:6 ), and the last ended in unbelief (Luke
1:20 ),
when he went = going.
into. Greek eis. App-104 .
the Temple = The Naos, or Shrine; i.e. "the
Holy Place". Not
hieron (the Temple courts). See note on Matthew
23:1 , Matthew
23:8 .
praying. See App-134 .
at the time = at the hour. This was the
signal.
appeared. App-106 . an angel. For the frequent
references to angels in Luke, see Luke
1:26 ; Luke
2:9 , Luke
2:13 , Luke
2:21 ; Luke
12:8 ; Luke
15:10 ; Luke
16:22 ; Luke
22:43 ; Luke
24:4 , Luke
24:23 . Also frequently in Acts.
on = at. Greek ek. App-104 .
the right side = the propitious side. Compare Matthew
25:33 .Mark
16:5 .John
21:6 .
the altar of incense . See Exodus
30:1-10 ; Exodus
37:25-28 . 1
Kings 7:48
saw. Greek. eidon. App-138 .
upon . Greek. epi. App-104 . As in Luke
1:35 . Not the same word as in Luke
1:58 .
unto = to. Greek. pros. App-104 . Not the same
word as in Luke
1:26 .
not. Greek. me. App-105 . As in verses: Luke
1:20 , Luke
1:30 , not as in verses: Luke
1:20 , Luke
1:22 , Luke
1:34 .
for = because.
prayer = a definite petition.
is heard = was heard: i.e. not now, or
recently. Evidently the prayer for offspring, which was now no
longer offered.
bear thee = bring forth to thee.
John = Jehovah sheweth favour.
joy and gladness. Figure of speech Hendiadys (
App-6 ) = joy, yea exultant joy.
at = upon[the occasion of].
Greek. epi. App-104 ., as in Luke
1:29 .
birth = bringing forth. Greek gennao, used of
the mother. See note on Matthew
1:2 .
in the sight of = before.
See note on "before", Luke
1:6 .
shall drink neither = shallin no wise
(Greek. ou me. App-105 .) drink,
strong drink . Greek. sikera, any intoxicating
drink not from grapes.
shall be filled. Verbs of filling take the
Genitive of what the person or vessel is filled with. See
App-101 . note. Here pneuma hagion is in the Genitive case.
the Holy Ghost = holy spirit. Greek pneuma
hagion, or "power from on high". See App-101 .
from. Greek ek. App-104 . i.e. before birth.
Compare Luke
1:44 .
children = sons. See App-108 .
to = towards. Greek. epi. App-104 .
Lord . Greek. kurios. App-98 .
go = goforth.
the spirit and power. Figure of
speech Hendiadys ( App-6 ) = the
spirit = yea, the powerful spirit (Malachi
4:5 ).
Elias = Elijah.
to turn, &c. Reference to Malachi
3:1 with Malachi
4:5 , Malachi
4:6 .
See App-107 .
disobedient = unbelieving. to = in.
Greek. en. App-104 .
wisdom . Greek. phronesis (not sophia) =
understanding. Occurs only here, and Ephesians
1:8 = the product of Sophia. See notes on Job
28:28 ; Job
40:4 .
Whereby = According to (Greek. kata, as in Luke
1:9 ) what [sign].
know = get to know. Greek. ginosko. App-182 .
for I am an old man. To Zechariah the promise
seemed to come too late; to Mary (Luke
1:34 )too early.
answering said. See note on Deuteronomy
1:41 .
Gabriel = the mighty man of God. The messanger
of the restoration (Luke
1:26 ; Daniel
8:16 ; Daniel
9:21 ), as Michael is the messanger of Israel's
delieverance from judgement (Daniel
10:13 , Daniel
10:21 ; Daniel
12:1 .Jude
1:9 ; and Revelation
12:7 ). Probably two of the seven angels of Revelation
1:4 ; Revelation
3:1 ; Revelation
4:5 ; Revelation
5:6 ; Revelation
8:2 , Revelation
8:6 ; Revelation
15:1 , Revelation
15:6 , Revelation
15:7 , Revelation
15:8 ; Revelation
16:1 ; Revelation
17:1 ; Revelation
21:9 .
in the presence. Same as "before", Luke
1:6 .
am = was
shew = announce.
behold. Figure of speech Asterismos. App-6 .
thou shalt be dumb . The finite Verb and
Participle denote continuous silence.
be performed = come to pass.
believest not = didst not believe. App-150 .
Note the Negative.
not . Greek. ou. App-105 .
which = which are of a kind which.
Greek. hoitines, denoting a class, or kind of words.
in = up to. Greek eis. App-104 . Marking the
process continuing up to the end.
waited for = were looking for. The finite Verb
and Participle denoting protracted waiting.
marvelled . Because such waiting was usually
short.
speak : i.e. pronounce the usual blessing (Numbers
6:24 ).
perceived = clearly perceived, or recognised.
Greek. epiginosko. App-132 .
had seen. Greek. horao. App-133 .
beckoned = kept making signs.
days = week.
ministration = public service.
Greek leitourgia. Hence Eng. "liturgy".
to = unto. Greek. eis. App-104 .
after . Greek. meta. App-104 .
conceived . Greek. sullambano. A medical word,
used in this sense in Luke and in James
1:15 . See App-179 .
hid = completely secluded. Probably to avoid
all possibility of uncleanness, as in Judges
13:4 , Judges
13:5 , Judges
13:7 , = Jdg 13:1214 . Occurs only here in N.T.
saying = saying that (Greek. hoti); giving the
words.
looked on . Greek. epeidon. App-133 . Occurs
only in Luke here, and Acts
4:29 .
to take away my reproach. Compare Genesis
30:23 . 1
Samuel 1:6-10 . Hosea
9:14 . Contrast Luke
23:29 .
the sixth month . After the vision of
Zachariah.
This (Compare Luke
1:36 ) is the passage which gives John's age as six
months older than the Lord's. See App-179 .
from . Greek. hupo. App-104 .
unto . Greek. eis. App-104 . Galilee. One of
the four Roman divisions of Palestine, comprising Zebulun,
Naphtali, and Asher. Compare Matthew
4:13 .
Nazareth. Now enNazirah.
Aram . See App-94 . See on Matthew
2:23 .
To . Greek. pros. App-104 .
virgin. This settles the meaning of the
Hebrew `almah in Isaiah
7:14 . There is no question about the
Greek parthenos.
espoused = betrothed. A year before marriage.
See Matthew
1:18 .
man = husband. Greek. aner. App-123 .
Mary = the Hebrew Miriam. Exodus
15:20 . See App-100 .
Hail. See note on Matthew
26:49
thou that art highly favoured = [thou] having
been graced [by God] = endued with grace. Occurs only here, and Ephesians
1:6 = accepted through grace. "Grace" does not occur
in Matthew or Mark.
with = in association with.
Greek. meta. App-104 . Not the same word as in verses: Luk 30:37
, Luk 30:51 , Luk 30:56 .
blessed . . . women. Omitted by T [Tr. ] A WH
R. Probably brought here from Luke
1:42 , where it is unquestioned.
when she saw him. Omitted by all
the texts. cast in her mind = beganto reason,
or was reasoning. Imperfect Tense.
found. Put by Figure of speech Synecdoche (of
Species), App-6 , for "received".
favour = grace: which is favourthe unworthy,
as patience is favour to the obstinate, as mercy is favour to
the miserable, as pity is favour to the poor, &c.
with = from. Greek. para. App-104 .
thou shalt conceive : i.e. forthwith conceive.
The Tense marks a future action, the beginning of which in
relation to future time is past, but the consequences of which
still continue.
and . Note the Figure of
speech Polysyndeton in verses: Luk 31:32 , emphasizing each
detail. Note the four statements of the angel, combining the
four key = texts of the four Gospels shown in the Inter-relation
of the Four Gospels:
Thou shalt . . . bring forth a Son: "Behold
the Man".
Thou shalt call His name Jesus: " Behold My
Servant".
He shall be great . . . the Son of the
Highest (Luke
1:32 )
: " Behold your God".
He shall reign, &c. (Luke
1:33 )
: " Behold thy King".
JESUS. See note on Matthew
1:21 and App-48 and App-98 . X.
He shall be great , &c. Marks the break in the
Dispensations, verses: Luke
1:32 , Luke
1:33 being yet future.
the Highest = the Most High.
Greek hupsiatos. Occurs seven times in Luke (Luke
1:32 , Luke
1:35 , Luke
1:76 ; Luke
2:14 (plural); Luke
6:35 ; Luke
8:28 ; Luke
19:38 (plural); and twice in Acts (Luke
7:48 ; Luke
16:17 ). Else. where, only four times (Matthew
21:9 (plural) Mark
5:7 ; Mark
11:10 (plural); and Hebrews
7:1 ).
over. Greek. epi. App-104 .
Jacob. Put for all the natural seed of the
twelve tribes.
for = unto. Greek eis. App-104 .
for ever = unto the ages. See App-151 . More
Reading, see Psalms
45:6 . Daniel
7:13 , Daniel
7:14 , Daniel
7:27 . Mic 4:7 . 1
Corinthians 15:24-26 . Hebrews
1:8 . Revelation
11:16 .
seeing , &c. = since, &c. Mary's answer shows
how she understood the angel's promise. She does not question
the fact, as Zacharias did (Luke
1:18 ), but only inquires as to the mode. To Mary the
promise seems too early, to Zacharias too late.
know = come to know. Greek. ginosko. App-132 .
shall overshadow. Compare Exodus
33:22 .Mark
9:7 .
therefore = wherefore.
that holy Thing. See Heb 7:26 . 1
Peter 2:22 , and note on Matthew
27:4 .
the Son of God = God's Son. App-98 .
cousin = kinswoman.
she hath also conceived = she also hath
conceived.
nothing = not (Greek. ou. App-105 ) any word.
Greek. rhema. See note on Mark
9:32 .
Behold . Greek idou. App-133 .
handmaid = bondmaid.
word. See note on Luke
1:37 . Same word.
entered. A detail, to emphasize the fact, by
which she recognized the truth of the sign of Luke
1:36 .
leaped. Greek. skirtao. Only used in N.T.
here, Luke
1:44 , and Luke
6:23 . Compare Genesis
25:22 . Septuagint has the same word.
spake out = cried out. Greek. anaphoneo .
Occurs only here. A medical word. See Colossians
4:14 .
to. Greek. pros. App-104 .
lo. Figure of speech Asterismos. App-6 .
sounded in = came into.
for joy = in (Greek. en. App-104 .)
exultation.
blessed = happy. Not the same word as in Luke
1:42 .
performance = fulfilment. from.
Greek para. App-104 .
Mary. From a common practice of transcribers
in replacing a pronoun by the corresponding proper noun, or
name, some have thought that this hymn is a continuation of
Elisabeth's words. And the Structure favours this idea. But
there is no MS. evidence for it.
My soul = Imyself. For emphasis. See App-110 .
my spirit. See App-101 .
rejoiced = exulted.
in. Greek. epi. App-104 .
God my Saviour. Note the Article = the God
[Who is] the Saviour [of me]. See Septuagint Deu 82:15 .Psalms
24:6; Psalms
24:6; Luk 25:5 ; Luk 95:1 .
regarded = looked (Greek. epiblepo. App-133 .)
upon (Greek. epi. App-104 .) See James
2:3 , and compare 1
Samuel 1:11 .Psalms
33:14 ; Psalms
119:132 (Septuagint).
He That is mighty = the Mighty One.
His name. See note on Psalms
20:1 .
mercy = pity. Greek. eleos. See verses: Luke
1:54 , Luke
1:58 , Luke
1:72 , Luk 54:78 . Not the same word as in Luke
1:30 .
fear = reverence.
from generation, &c. = unto
(Greek. eis. App-104 .) generations of generations.
with. Greek. en. App-104 .
His arm. Figure of
speech Anthrapopatheia. App-6 . Compare Isaiah
52:10 ; Isaiah
59:1 , Isaiah
59:16 .
put down the mighty. Amaziah (2
Kings 14:10 ); Uzziah (2
Chronicles 26:16 ); Nebuchadnezzar (Daniel
5:20 ); Belshazzar (Daniel
5:23 ; Daniel
5:30 ).
seats = thrones.
them of low degree = the lowly.
holpen = laid hold of [for help], or taken by
the hand. Compare Isaiah
41:8 , Isaiah
41:9 .
in remembrance = [in order] to remember.
As = according as.
our fathers. Compare Micah
7:20 . Galatians
1:3 , Galatians
1:16 . Acts
2:39 .
for ever = unto the age. See App-151 . a.
with = in fellowship with. Greek. sun. App-104
. Not the same word as in verses: Luke
1:28 , Luke
1:30 , Luke
1:37 , Luk 28:39 , Luk 28:61 , Luk 28:66 .
returned = returned back.
Greek hupostrepho. Almost peculiar to Luke. Oct:. only in Mark
14:40 . Galatians
1:1 , Galatians
1:17 . Hebrews
7:1 . outside Luke and Acts.
full time = fulfilled time.
and. Note the Figure of speech Polysyndeton (
App-6 ) throughout the passage verses: Luke
1:57-67 , eighteen "ands".
brought forth. Greek gennao. Correctly
rendered here, of the mother. Used of the father it = beget. See
note on Matthew
1:2 .
shewed great mercy = magnified His mercy. A
Hebraism. Compare Genesis
19:19 . 2
Samuel 22:51 , Septuagint.
upon = with. Greek meta. App-104 . Not the
same word as in verses: Luke
1:12 , Luke
1:35 .
on = in. Greek. en. App-104 . Not the same
word as in Luke
1:65 .
on the eighth day. Genesis
17:12 .Leviticus
12:3 .Philippians
1:3 , Philippians
1:5 .
child . Greek. paidion. App-108 .
they called . Imperf. Tense = were for
calling,
after . Greek. epi. App-104 . Not the same
word as in Luke
1:24 .
Not so = No. Greek. ouchi. App-105 .
There is = That there is.
of = among. Greek en. App-104 .
that is = who is.
made signs. Imperf. Tense = were consulting
him by signs; i.e. while the colloquy was going on,
would = wished to. Greek. thelo. App-102 .
writing table = writing tablet Table was used
for tablet in 1611. Used by medical writers in Luke's day.
wrote, saying. A Hebraism. Compare 2
Kings 10:6 .
"John" = the grace of Jehovah, was thus the
first written word of that dispensation.
immediately = at once.
Greek parachrema. Occurs nineteen times. All in Luke or Acts,
except Matthew
21:19 , Matthew
21:20 . A medical word (see Colossians
4:14 ), used thirteen times in connection with
disease or healing. Rendered "straightway "in Luke
8:55 .Acts
5:10 .
spake = began to speak. Imperf. Tense.
on = upon. Greek. epi. App-104 .
sayings. Greek. Plural of rhema. See note on Mark
9:32 .
were noised abroad = were talked of.
throughout all = in (Greek. en. App-104 .) the
whole.
that heard. The 1611 edition of the Authorized
Version reads "that had heard".
Blessed . Hence the name "Benedictus" given to
Zacharias's prophecy.
God = the God.
visited = lookedon. Not the same word as in Luke
1:48 . See App-133 .
redeemed = wrought a ransom for. Compare Titus
2:14 .
an horn of salvation. A Hebraism. See Psalms
132:17 . 1
Samuel 2:1 , 1
Samuel 2:10 . Ezekiel
29:21 .
His servant David. See Psalms
132:10 .
by = through.
Greek. dia. App-104 .Luke
1:1 .
since the world began = from [the] age i.e. of
old. See App-151 .
to = with. Greek meta. App-104 .
The oath, &c. See Genesis
12:3 ; Genesis
17:4 ; Genesis
22:16 , Genesis
22:17 .
out of = from. Greek. ek. App-104 .
hand. The 1611 edition of the Authorized
Version reads "hands". serve: or worship.
holiness. Toward God. righteousness. Toward
men. Compare 1
Thessalonians 2:10 . Ephesians
4:24 .
before . Greek. pro. App-104 .
knowledge. Greek. gnosis. App-132 .
by = for. Greek. en. App-104 .
Through = On account of. Greek dia. App-104 .Luke
1:2 .
tender mercy = bowels of compassion. Figure of
speech Anthropopatheia ( App-6 ).
whereby = in (Greek. en. App-104 .) which.
dayspring . Greek. anatole. Hebrew. zemach =
branch (see page 1304), is rendered anatole in Jeremiah
23:6 and Zechariah
3:8 , because of its springing up. Both meanings
(branch and light) are here combined. Compare Ezekiel
16:7 ; Ezekiel
17:10 .
on high. Greek. hupsos. Occurs five more
times: Luke
24:49 . Ephesians
3:18 ; Ephesians
4:8 . James
1:9 . Revelation
21:16 .
give light to = shine upon.
the shadow of death. A Hebraism. Zalmaveth. Job
10:21 ; Job
38:17 . Psalms
23:4 ; Psalms
107:10 . Isaiah
9:2 .Matthew
4:16 , &c.
guide = direct. Wycliffe has "dress", through
the O. French dresser = to arrange, still preserved as an
English military term.
waxed strong = grew and was strengthened.
spirit. Greek. pneuma. See App-101 .
the deserts. The article. indicating a
well-known part.
shewing = public or official inauguration.
Greek. anadeixis. Only occurs here. The verb anadeiknumi occurs Luke
10:1 . See note there.
Chapter 2
Verse 1
it came to pass in those days. The seventh and
last occurrence of this ominous phrase. See note on Genesis
14:1 .
it came to pass. A Hebraism, frequent in Luke.
Compare Luke
1:8 .
in. Greek. en. App-104 .
a decree = an edict, from.
Greek. para. App-104 .
all . Figure of speech Synecdoche (of the
whole) for a part of the whole; i.e. the Roman Empire.
world. Greek. oikoumene. See App-129 .
Compare Acts
11:28 .
taxed = enrolled, or registered.
Verse 2
this taxing was first made = this was the
first registration to be made. A second is recorded in Acts
5:37 .
Cyrenius. Greek for the Latin Quirinus.
His full name was Publius Sulpicius Quirinus.
Verse 3
every one , &c. A Papyrus (in British Museum),
being a rescript of the Prefect Gaius Vibius Maximus (A.D.
103-4), shows that Herod must have been acting under Roman
orders. Vib. Max. was Prefect of Egypt, and wrote: "The
enrolment by households being at hand, it is necessary to notify
all who for any cause soever are outside their homes to return
to their domestic hearths, that they may accomplish the
customary dispensation of enrolment, and continue steadfastly in
the husbandry that belongeth to them. "There is a large number
of Papyri relating to these enrolments. See Deissmann's Light
from the Ancient East, pp. 268, 269.
into = unto. Greek. eis. App-104 .
Verse 4
went up : literally true, the ascent from
Nazareth to Jerusalem being at least 1,500 feet.
from = away from. Greek. apo. App-104 .
out of Greek ek. App-104 .
Nazareth. Aramaean. See note on Luke
1:26 . = Branch = Town, where He, Jehovah's "Branch
"(Zechariah
3:8 ; Zechariah
6:12 ), wasbrought up (Luke
4:16 ).
unto . Greek. eis. App-104 . Not the same word
as in verses: Luke
2:2 , Luke
2:15 -, Luke
2:20 , Luke
2:48 , Luke
2:49 .
the city of David. 1
Samuel 20:6 . Zion also so called, 2Sa 5:9 ; 2
Samuel 6:10 , 2
Samuel 6:12 , 2Sa 6:16 ; 1
Kings 2:10 , &c.
Bethlehem = the house of bread. Compare Genesis
35:19 ; Genesis
48:7 . Psalms
132:6 . NOW Beit Lahm, about five miles south of
Jerusalem.
because he was = on account of (dia. App-104 .Luke
2:2; Luke
2:2 )his being.
of. Greek. ek. App-104 .
lineage: i.e. the family.
Verse 5
with = in conjunction with.
Greek. sun. App-104 . Not the same word as in verses: Luke
2:36 , Luke
2:51 , Luke
2:52 .
espoused = married. Not merely "betrothed "(Matthew
1:20 , Matthew
1:24 , Matthew
1:25 ). See note on Matthew
1:18 . Compare Deuteronomy
22:23 , Deuteronomy
22:24 .
great with child . Compare Luke
1:24 . Greek enkuos. Occurs only here in N.T.
Verse 6
so it was = it came to pass; as in Luke
2:1 .
while = in (Greek. en. App-104 .) the time.
Verse 7
her firstborn Son =
her son, the firstborn. App-179 .
wrapped . . . swaddling
clothes. Greek sparganoo = to swathe. Occurs only here and Luke
2:12 . A medical term = bandage. See Co Luke
1:4 , Luke
1:14 . Eng. "swathe". Anglo = Saxon swathu = as much
grass as is mown at one stroke of the scythe. From Low
Germ. swade = a scythe. Hence a shred, or slice, then a bandage.
Compare Ezekiel
16:4 .
a = the. But all the Texts omit the Art.
manger . Greek phatne (from pateomai, to eat).
Occurs only in verses: Luke
12:16 , and Luke
13:15 . Septuagint for Hebrew. 'ebus. Proverbs
14:4 .
no . Greek. ou. App-105 .
the inn = the Khan. Not "guestchamber", as in Luke
22:11 and Mark
14:14 , its only other occurrences.
Verse 8
country = region where David fed his father's
sheep, when sent for by Samuel (1
Samuel 16:11 , 1
Samuel 16:12 ).
over . Greek. epi. App-104 .
Verse 9
lo . Figure of speech Asterismos ( App-6 ), to
call attention to the wondrous event.
the angel = an angel. No Art. See note on Luke
1:11 . App-179 .
LORD = Jehovah ( App-98 ).
came upon = stood by. Greek. ephistemi. Used
eighteen times by Luke. Compare Luke
24:4 .Acts
12:7 ; Acts
23:11 .
the glory: the Shekinah, which symbolized the
Divine presence. See Exo 24:16 . 1
Kings 8:10 . Isaiah
6:1-3 .Acts
7:55 .
were sore afraid = feared a great fear. Figure
of speech Polyptoton. App-6 . See note on Genesis
26:28 .
Verse 10
not. Greek. me. App-105 .
behold. Figure of speech Asterismos. App-6 .
I bring you good tidings .
Greek. euangelizomai = 1 evangelize (announce) to you great joy.
which . Denoting the class or character of the
joy.
people = the People [of Israel].
Verse 11
For = That: meaning "born to-day"; not "I
announce to-day". See note on Luke
23:43 .
is born = was born, or brought forth.
a Saviour. Not a helper: for a
Saviour is for the lost.
Christ the Lord = Hebrew. Mashiah
Jehovah, i.e. Jehovah's Anointed. 1
Samuel 24:6 . App-98 .
the Lord. App-98 . B. a. The Lord of all power
and might. Therefore able to save. Compare Romans
14:9 . 1Co 8:6 ; 1
Corinthians 12:3 . 2
Corinthians 4:5 .Philippians
1:2 , Philippians
1:11 . These three words define and contain the
"Gospel" as being good news as to a Person; and as being
Christianity as distinct from Religion, which consists of
Articles, Creeds, Doctrines, and Confessions; i.e. all that is
outward. Compare Philippians
1:3 , Philippians
1:4-7 , Philippians
1:9 , Philippians
1:10 , Philippians
1:20 , Philippians
1:21 . Note that in the Greek the words, "in the city
of David", come last. Hence the z and z correspond in the
Structure. p. 1436. D
Verse 12
the Babe = a babe.
Verse 13
heavenly host = host of heaven. So Tr. WH
margin host = the Sabaioth of the O.T. Compare Daniel
8:10 . Romans
9:29 . James
5:4 .Revelation
5:11 , Revelation
5:12 .
God. App-98 .
Verse 14
Glory. Supply the Ellipsis: [be] to God.
Compare Luke
19:38 .
on earth peace. But man murdered "the Prince
of peace", and now vainly talks about "Peace". on.
Greek. epi. App-104 .
earth. Greek. ge . App-124 .
good will toward men. All the texts read
"among men of good pleasure", reading eudokias instead
of eudokia. But the sense is the same, as the "good pleasure" is
that of Jehovah alone = among men of [His] good pleasure: See Luke
12:32 , "It is your Father's good pleasure to give
you the kingdom". But it was man's bad pleasure to reject the
kingdom. See the Structure (F).
toward = among. Greek en. App-104 .
Verse 15
heaven = the heaven. Singular with Art.
to. Greek. pros. App-104 .
Let us now go = [Come now], let us go through.
unto = as far as.
see . Greek. eidon. App-133 .
thing = word, or saying. Greek. rhema. See
note on Mark
9:32 .
is = has.
made known : i.e. the saying of Luke
2:12 . Greek gnorizo. Compare gnosis. App-132 .
Verse 16
found = discovered, after search, or in
succession. Greek. aneurisko. Occ, only here and in Acts
21:4 .
Mary, and Joseph, and the Babe. Each has the
Art. with conj. emphasizing the several parties referred to.
Verse 17
saying. Greek. rhema, as in Luke
2:15
concerning . Greek. peri. App-104 .
Child. As in Luke
1:59 .
Verse 18
at = concerning, as in Luke
2:17 .
them = to (Greek. pros, as in Luke
2:15 =) them.
by. Greek. hupo. App-104 .
Verse 19
kept = kept within herself.
and pondered = pondering; i.e. weighing them.
Compare Gen 87:11 .
Verse 20
for = on. Greek. epi. App-104 .
as = according as.
unto. Greek. pros. App-104 .
Verse 21
eight days, &c.: i.e. on the last and great
day of the Feast of Tabernacles (John
7:37 ).
accomplished = fulfilled. See Leviticus
12:3 .
name . Supply the logical Ellipsis thus:
"[Then they circumcised Him] and called His Name", &c. Only four
named before birth: Ishmael, Isaac, John, and the Lord.
JESUS. See note on Matthew
1:21 . App-98 . X
of = by. Greek. hupo, as in Luke
2:13 .
before. Greek. pro. App-104 .
Verse 22
the days: i.e. forty days after the birth of a
son (eighty after a daughter). See Leviticus
12:2-4
her = their. So all the texts; i.e. Joseph and
Mary.
according to. Greek. kata. App-104 . See Exodus
13:12 ; Exodus
22:29 ; Exodus
34:19 . Numbers
3:12 , Numbers
3:13 , Numbers
18:15 .
the law . Mentioned five times in this
chapter, oftener than all the rest of Luke, to show the truth
of Galatians
1:4 , Galatians
1:4 .
Him = brought Him up. to. Greek. eis. App-104
. present, &c. Exodus
13:2 .Numbers
18:15 , Numbers
18:16 .
Verse 23
Every male, &c. Quoted from Exodus
13:2 .Numbers
18:15 , holy. Seenote on Exodus
3:5 .
Verse 24
A pair , &c. Leviticus
12:2 , Leviticus
12:6 .
Verse 25
man. Greek. anthropos. See App-123 .
Simeon. In Hebrew. Shimeon = hearing. Compare Genesis
29:33 . Possibly the father of Gamaliel (Acts
5:34 .
devout. Greek eulabes. Used only by Luke =
taking hold of well; i.e. careful and circumspect in observing
the Law. Compare Acts
2:5 ; Acts
8:2 . The kindred word eulabeia, rendered "godly
fear", occurs twice Hebrews
5:7 ; Hebrews
12:28 ).
waiting for . Compare Genesis
49:18 . Isaiah
49:23 ; and see App-36 . Joseph of Arimathaea was
another who thus waited. Mark
15:43 . Compare Luke
2:38 ; Luke
3:15 ; Luke
24:21 .
the consolation of Israel. Compare Acts
28:20 and Isaiah
40:1 . "May I see the consolation of Israel! "was a
Jewish formula of blessing; and an adjuration also: "May I not
see it, if I speak not the truth! "
the Holy Ghost = pneumahagion = a spiritual
gift. See App-101 .
upon. Greek. epi. App-104 .
Verse 26
it was revealed. Greek. chrematizo. Occurs
nine times; seven times of a Divine communication; here, Matthew
2:12 , Matthew
2:22 .Acts
10:22 ; Acts
11:26 . Romans
7:3 .Hebrews
8:5 ;. Luke
11:17 ; Luke
12:25 .
the Holy Ghost. The Person being the revealer
(with Articles). Not the same as in Luke
2:25 . See App-101 .
before. Greek. prin. See note on "Till", Matthew
1:25 .
the Lord's Christ = Jehovah's Anointed. See
note on Luke
2:11 . App-98 .
Verse 27
by = in. Greek. en. App-104 .
the Spirit . The Holy Spirit Himself. See
App-101 .
the temple = the Temple courts.
Greek. hieron. See notes on Matthew
4:5 ; Matthew
23:10 .
for = concerning. Greek. peri. App-104 .
after = according to. As in Luke
2:22 .
Verse 28
took = received.
in = into, as in Luke
2:3 .
Verse 29
Lord = Master. Greek. Despotes. App-98 .
Occurs ten times in N.T. (here; Act 4:24 . 1
Timothy 6:1 , 1Ti 6:2 ; 2
Timothy 2:21 . Tit 2:9 . 1
Peter 2:18 . 2
Peter 2:1 .Jude
1:4 .Revelation
6:10; Revelation
6:10 ).
word = saying. See Luke
2:26 .
Verse 30
Thy salvation . Greek. to soterion (not the
usual soteria). Used of Jehovah Himself (not merely of salvation
as such). See Isaiah
62:11 . Compare Luke
3:6 .
Verse 31
before. Greek. kata. App-104 .
people = the peoples.
Verse 32
A light. Greek. phos. See App-130 .
Quotedfrom Isaiah
42:6 .
to lighten = for (Greek. eis, as in Luke
2:34 ) a revelation of. Greek. apokalupsis = a
revelation by unveiling and manifesting to view. The first of
eighteen occurrences. All noted in App-106 . Compare Psalms
98:2 , Psalms
98:3 .Isaiah
42:6 ; Isaiah
49:6 ; Isaiah
52:10 , &c. the Gentiles. See Isaiah
26:7 . glory. The special blessing for Israel. Israel
has had the "light". She is yet to have the glory.
Verse 33
Joseph. Most of' the texts (not the Syriac)
read "His father".
marvelled = were marvelling.
at. Greek. epi. App-104 . Not the same word as
in Luke
2:18 .
of = concerning. Greek. peri. App-104 . Not
the same word as in verses: Luke
2:4 , Luke
2:35 ; Luk 2:-36 .
Verse 34
set = destined.
for. Greek. eis. App-104 . Not the same word
as in verses: Luke
2:10 , Luke
2:11 , Luke
2:20 , Luke
10:27 , Luke
10:30 .
fall :i.e. a stumbling = block. See Isaiah
8:14 , and compare Matthew
21:42 , Matthew
21:44 .Acts
4:11 .Romans
9:33 . 1
Corinthians 1:23 .
rising again = rising up. Matthew
11:5 . App-178 . spoken against. See Acts
28:22 . Not a prophecy, but describing its character.
Verse 35
Yea = And thee.
sword. Greek. rhomphaia. Occurs only here and Revelation
1:16 ; Revelation
2:12 , Revelation
2:16 ; Revelation
6:8 ; Revelation
19:15 , Revelation
19:21 . Septuagint for Zechariah
13:7 .
pierce, &c. When on the Cross.
soul. Greek. psuche. App-110 . Luke
2:1 .
thoughts = reasonings. Compare Luke
5:22 .Matthew
15:19 . John
9:16 . 1
Corinthians 11:19 . 1
John 2:19 .
revealed = unveiled.
Greek. apokalupto. App-106 .
Verse 36
Anna. Hebrew. Hannah , as in 1
Samuel 1:20 = He was gracious.
prophetess. Only here and Revelation
2:20 .
Aser = Asher; thus Anna of Israel united with
Simeon of Judah.
Verse 37
not. Greek. ou. App-105 .
served. Same as Luke
1:74 .
Verse 38
coming in = standing by.
that instant = at the same time (or hour).
thanks = praise.
the Lord . All the texts read "God".
looked = waited.
redemption. See notes on Luke
2:24 ; Luke
24:21 .Mark
15:43 .
performed = ended.
Nazareth . See note on Matthew
2:23 .
Verse 40
in spirit . All the texts omit this. App-101 .Matthew
2:0 comes in here.
the grace , &c. Compare John
1:14 .Isaiah
11:2 , Isaiah
11:3 .
Verse 41
passover. See App-94 .
Verse 42
twelve years old : when every Jewish boy
becomes "a son of the law "If they performed
"all things" according to the Law, Joseph had paid the five
shekels redemption money (Numbers
3:47 ; Numbers
3:18 , Numbers
3:16 ), which gave Joseph the legal right to be
reckoned the "father", claiming the obedience shown in Luke
2:51 . See notes on Luke
2:45 , and Luke
3:23 , which, thus explain the genealogy there.
Verse 43
as they returned = in (Greek. en. App-101 .)
their returning.
the Child . Now the Greek is pais = the youth
as be = coming Jehovah's servant. See App-108 .
Joseph and His mother . All the Texts read
"His parents".
knew not = did not get to know of it.
Greek ginosko. App-132 .
Verse 44
supposing = surely reckoning. See note on Luke
3:23 .
the company: i.e. in the caravan.
a day's journey. Probably to Beeroth, about
six miles north of Jerusalem. Now Bireh.
sought = searched up and down.
among. Greek. en. App-101 .
and = and among.
Verse 45
seeking = searching (all the way they went).
Greek. anaz as in Luke
2:44 .
Verse 46
after = with. Greek. meta. App-104 .
sitting. This was strictly according to rule.
doctors = teachers: i.e. Rabbis.
Verse 48
Son. Greek. teknon = child. See App-108 .
Thy father. This was legally correct on the
part of Mary. (See note on Luke
2:42 , above.) But not truly so; therefore the Lord's
correction, "MY Father's business", Luke
2:49 .
Verse 49
wist ye not = knew ye not. Greek. oida. See
App-132 .
must. These are the first recorded words of
the Lord. The reference is to Psalms
40:5-11 , John
4:34 . Hence the Divine necessity. Compare Matthew
16:21 ; Matthew
26:54 .Mark
8:31 . Mar 4:43 ; Mark
9:22 ; Mark
13:33 ; Mar 24:7 , Mar 24:26 , Mar 24:46 . John
3:14 ; John
4:4 ; John
12:34 , &c. The last-recorded wordsthe Son of man
were, "It is finished": i.e. the Father's business which He came
to be about. Compare His first and last ministerial or official
words. See note on Matthew
4:4 , "It is written".
Verse 50
understood not. Compare Luke
9:45 ; Luke
18:34 .Mark
9:32; 2
John 1:102 John 1:10 , John
1:11 ; John
10:6 .
Verse 51
subject. See note on Luke
2:42 .
Verse 52
increased = advanced, in wisdom. See App-117 .
stature = maturity in all respects.
with = from beside. Greek. para. App-104 .
man = men. Greek. anthropos. App-123 .
Chapter 3
Verse 1
in. Greek. en. App-104 . fifteenth . . .
Tiberius. See App-179 , note 2. Augustus died in A.D. 14,
Tiberius was associated with him for two or three years. This
would make Tiberius's fifteenth year A.D. 26 reign government.
Greek hegemonia (not basileia = kingdom).
Pontius Pilate . First mention. sixth Procurator of Judaea,
A.D. 25. After his deposition, he went to Rome, and (according
toEusebius) committed suicide in A.D. 36. goverinor. Cognate
word with "reign "above.
Herod . . Philip . See App-109 . Herod Antipas, half-brother
of Philip I, who abducted Philip's wife, Herodias, and married
her. This was the Herod to whom the Lord was sent for trial.
Verse 2
Annas. See App-94 .
Annas and Caiaphas
being the high priests. Caiaphas
was the High Priest as successor of Aaron; while Annas was the Nasi, or
head of the Sanhedrin (as successor of Moses), and thus
associated with Caiaphas in government. This explains John
18:13 , John
18:24 , and Acts
4:6 .
the word of God
came, &c. See App-82 . Compare Jeremiah
1:2 .Ezekiel
6:1 , &c. John was the last and greatest of
the prophets.
unto = upon. Greek. epi. App-104 . Not the
same word as in Luke
9:12 , Luke
9:13 , Luke
9:14 .
John the son of
Zacharias . In Matthew, John
the Baptist.
the wilderness : i.e. in the cities and towns of the
opencountry. See Luke
3:4 ; Joshua
15:61 , Joshua
15:62 ; and 1Sa 23:14 , 1
Samuel 23:24 .
Verse 3
came = went.
into. Greek. eis. App-104 .
preaching = proclaiming. See App-121 .
baptism . See App-115 .
repentance. See App-111 .
for = with a view to. Greek. eis. App-104
.
the remission = remission. A medical word (see Colossians
4:14 ). Used by Luke ten times. Rest of N.T.
only seven times. See Luke
4:18 .
sins. App-128 .
Verse 4
the words , &c. See notes on Isaiah
40:3 , and Malachi
3:1 . See App-107 .
Esaias = Isaiah. See App-79 .
the LORD = Jehovah. App-4 and App-98 .
paths = beaten tracks.
Verse 6
flesh . Put by Figure of speech Synecdoche (of
Genus), App-6 , for people. see. Greek. opsomai. App-133
.
God. App-98 .
Verse 7
Then said he = He said therefore.
multitude = crowds.
baptized . App-115 .
of = by. Greek. hupo. App-104 . Not the
sameword as in verses: Luke
3:8 , Luke
3:15 .
generation = offspring, or brood.
warned = forewarned; implying secrecy.
from = away from. Greek. apo. App-104 . Not
the same word as in Luke
3:22 .
to come = about to come. Quite true; for, had the
nation repented, all that the prophets had foretold, both as to
the sufferings and following wrath and glory, would have been
fulfilled.
Verse 8
repentance = the repentance which has been demanded, and
which you profess.
not . Greek. me. App-105 . Not the same
word as in Luke
3:16 .
within = among. Greek. en. App-104 .
father . Emphatic, by the Figure of speech Hyperbaton (
App-6 ), being put in the Greek as the first word of the
sentence. See John
8:33 , John
8:53 .
of = out of. Greek. ek. App-104 . Not the
same word as in Luke
3:7 .
these stones . Compare Luke
19:40 ; Matthew
3:9 . children. App-108 .
Verse 9
now also the axe is
laid = already even the axe
lies; or, and even the axe lies. Referring to national privileges.
unto. Greek. pros. App-104 .
Verse 11
answereth and saith. See note on Deuteronomy
1:41 .
coats = tunics. compare Matthew
5:40 ). One kind of garment, put by Figure of
speech Synecdoche (of Species) for a garment of any kind,
none = not, as in Luke
3:8 .
meat = food, or victuals.
Verse 12
also publicans = the tax-farmers also.
baptized. App-115 .
Master = Teacher. App-98 . Luke
3:1 .
Verse 13
no = nothing. Greek. laden.
than = beside. Greek.
para . App-104 .
Verse 14
the soldiers = some soldiers (no Art.) going on service.
Not the Noun, but the Participle = men under arms. Josephus (Antiquities
xviii 5 § 1,2) tells us that Herod Antipas (Luke
3:1 ) was engagedin a war with Aretas his
father-in-law, a petty king in Arabia Petrea, at this very time,
and his soldiers were passing from Galilee through the very
country where John was proclaiming.
Do violence = terrify with a view to extortion. Occurs
only here in the N.T.
accuse any falsely. See note on Luke
19:3 .
Verse 15
in expectation. See notes on Luke
2:25 , Luke
2:38 ; Luke
24:21 .Mark
15:43 .
mused = reasoned.
of = concerning. Greek. peri. App-104 .
the Christ = the Messiah. App-98 .
Verse 16
baptize. App-115 .
One = the One: i.e. He that is mightier.
latohet = thong, or lace.
shoes = sandals. A well-known proverb. Figure of
speech Paroem ia. App-6 .
not. Greek ou. App-105 .
worthy = fit.
with the Holy Ghost = with holy spirit. Greek pneuma hagion :
i.e. power from on high, or with spiritual gifts. See App-101 .
with fire. Because this was foretold as being among the
things which were about to be fulfilled, had the nation
repented. "This (Acts
2:16 ) is that (Joel
2:30 ). "It symbolizes the judgments included
in that day.
Verse 17
fan = winnowing = fan.
floor = threshing = floor.
burn = burn up. Greek katakaio = to consume
entirely. Compare Matthew
3:12 .Hebrews
13:11 .
Verse 18
other = different. See App-124 .
things = things therefore.
preached = announced the glad tidings. Greek. euangelizo. See
App-121 . Not the same word as in Luke
3:3
Verse 19
Herod. See Matthew
14:3 . App-109 .
by. Greek. hupo. App-104 .
for = concerning. Greek. peri. App-104 .
Not the same word as in verses: Luke
3:3 , Luke
3:3 .
evils. Greek. ponera (plural) App-128 .
Verse 20
Added. Greek. prostithemi. A medical word in
the sense of apply or administer, used by Luke thirteen times;
in the rest of the N.T. five times.
yet this = this also.
above = to. Greek. epi. App-104 .
prison. The fortress of Machaerus, on the borders of
Arabia north of the Dead Sea (Josephus, Antiquities bk.
xviii. ch. v 2).
Verse 21
it came to pass . As in Luke
3:1 . The 1611 edition of the Authorized
Version reads "and it came to pass".
praying . Note the occasions of the Lord's praying:
here; Luke
6:16 ; Luke
6:12 ; Luke
9:18 , Luke
9:28 ; Luke
11:1 ; Luke
22:41-44 .
the heaven. Singular. See notes on Matthew
6:9 , Matthew
6:10 .
Verse 22
the Holy Ghost = the Spirit the Holy [Spirit]. See App-101 .
in a bodily shape. Peculiar to Luke.
upon. Greek. epi. App-104 .
from = out of: Greek. ek. App-104 .
My beloved Son = My Son, the beloved [Son].
I am well pleased = I have found delight.
Verse 23
began = when He began [His ministry? ] He was about
thirty years of age.
as was supposed = as reckoned by law. Greek. nomizo =
to lay down a thing as law; to hold by custom, or usage; to
reckon correctly, take for granted. See Matthew
20:10 . Mat 2:44 .Acts
7:25 ; Acts
14:19 ; Acts
16:13 , Acts
16:27 .
Joseph was begotten
by Jacob , and was his natural
son (Matthew
1:16 ). He could be the legal son of Heli,
therefore, only by marriage with Hell's daughter (Mary), and be
reckoned so according to law (Greek. nomizo). It does not
say "begat" in the case of Hell.
which = who. So throughout verses: Luke
3:24-38 .
the son of Heli. The genealogy of the ideal man begins from
his father, and goes backward as far as may be. That of a king
begins at the source of his dynasty and ends with himself.
Compare that of Matthew with Luke, and see App-99 .
Verse 31
Nathan. This is the natural line through Nathan. In Matthew
1:6 , the regal line is shown through Solomon.
Thus both lines became united in Joseph; and thus the Lord being
raised from the dead is the one and only heir to the throne of
David. For the two lines see App-99 .
Verse 32
Booz = O.T. Boaz.
Naasson = O.T. Nahshon.
Verse 33
Aminadab = O.T. Amminadab.
Aram = O.T. Ram.
Esrom = O.T. Hezron.
Pharos = O.T. Pharez.
Juda = O.T. Judah.
Verse 34
Thara = O.T. Torah.
Nachor = O.T. Nahor.
Verse 35
Saruch = O.T. Serug.
Ragau = O.T. Reu.
Phalec = O.T. Peleg.
Heber = O.T. Eber.
Bala = O.T. Salah.
Verse 36
Cainan . See App-99 , note.
Sem = O.T. Shem.
Noe = O.T. Noah.
Verse 37
Mathusala = O.T. Methuselah. d
Maleleel = O.T. Mahalaleel. D
Verse 38
the son of God . Because created by God; the angels
are so called, for the same reason. See App-28 .
Chapter 4
Verse 1
Jesus. App-98 .
full. Used of pneuma hagion only when without
the Art. See App-101 ., and Acts
6:3 ; Acts
7:55 ; Acts
11:24 .
the Holy Ghost . No Art. Greek. pneuma hagion,
or "power from on high". See above.
from = away from. Greek apo. App-104 .
by. Greek en. App-104 . Not the same word as
in Luke
4:4 .
the Spirit . With Art. = the Holy Spirit
Himself.
into . Greek. eis. App-104 . All the texts
read en. The Spirit not only led Him "into" the wilderness but
guided Him when there.
the wilderness . Supply the Ellipsis ( App-6 )
thus: "the wilderness, [and was there in the wilderness, ] being
tempted", &a
Verse 2
forty. See App-10 . Compare Exodus
34:28 . Numbers
14:34 . 1
Kings 19:8 . Read, as in Revised Version, "forty
days, being", &c.
tempted = troubled and tried.
of = by. Greek. hupo. App-104 . Not the same
word as in verses: Luke
4:14 , Luke
4:26 .
the devil. Here named because these three
temptations came before the three recorded in Matthew
4:0 . There it is ho peirazon = "he who was tempting
Him". See App-116 . in. Greek. en, App-104 .
nothing = not (Greek. ou. App-105 ) anything.
Verse 3
unto = to.
If Thou be , &c. Greek. ei, with Ind. App-118
. Assuming the fact. Same word as in Luke
4:9 ; not the same word as in Luke
4:7 .
the Son of God . Referring to Luke
3:22 . App-98 . this stone; "these stones "in Matthew
4:3 . Repeated under different circumstances. App-116
.
Verse 4
him = to (Greek. pros. App-104 .) him.
It is written = It standeth written. In Deuteronomy
8:3 . See App-107 . See note on Matthew
4:4 .
man Greek anthropos App-123
not. Greek ou. App-105 .
by = upon. Greek. epi. App-104 .
word = saying. Compare Matthew
4:4 , and see App-116 .
God. Greek Theos. App-98 .
Verse 5
taking. Greek. anago = leading.
Not paralambano = taking
with . As in Matthew
4:5 . See App-116 .
the world . Greek. oikoumene. See App-129 .
Not kosmos, as on a subsequent occasion (Matthew
4:8 ). See App-116 .
in a moment of time . Occurs only here.
Verse 6
power = authority. App-172 . In Matthew "these
things". See App-116 . for that, &c. This was not repeated on
the subsequent occasion (Matthew
4:9 ).
I will . Greek thelo. See App-102 .
Verse 7
If thou therefore , &c App-118 . The condition
hypothetical.
worship me = worship before me. See App-137 .
See note on "before", Luke
1:6 .
Verse 8
Get thee , &c. But the devil did not do so
yet. He left of his own accord (Luke
4:12 ) See App-116 . Most of the texts omit this.
it is written , &c. In Deuteronomy
6:13 ; Deuteronomy
10:20 , App-107 . the
LORD = Jehovah. App-4 and App-98 .
Verse 9
brought = led. Greek. ago, not paralambano, as
in Matthew
4:5 (on a subsequent occasion). See App-116 .
to = unto. Greek eis. App-104 .
on . Greek. epi App-104 .
pinnacle. See note on Matthew
4:5 .
temple . Greek. hieron. See note on Matthew
23:16
from hence = hence. In the subsequent
temptation (Matthew
4:6 ) = " down".
Verse 10
it is written. In Psalms
91:11 , Psalms
91:12 . See App-107 .
over = concerning. Greek. peri. App-104 .
to keep. Greek. diaphulasso = thoroughly
protect. Occurs only here in N.T.
Verse 11
in = on. Greek. epi. App-104 .
against. Greek. pros. App-104 .
Verse 12
is said = hath been said, &c. Deuteronomy
6:16 .
Verse 13
all = every.
departed. Of his own accord. See note on Matthew
4:10 , and App-116 .
for a season = until a convenient time. See Matthew
4:11 . Returning again and repeating the three
temptations in a different order and under different
circumstances. See App-116 .
Verse 14
power . Greek. dunamis. App-172 .
there went out a fame, &c. In Luke (as in the
other Gospels) only those events are selected which tend to
illustrate the special presentation of the Lord and His
ministry. Compare the commencing events of each: Matthew
4:13 .Mark
1:14 .Mark
4:14-30 , and John
1:19-43 . For this fourfold ministry, see App-119 .
Thus this first period commences and its subject, as stated more
precisely in verses: Luke
4:43 , Luke
4:44 .
fame = report. Greek. pheme. Not the same word
as in Luke
4:37 .
of = concerning. Greek. peri. App-104 .
through . Greek. kata. App-104 .
Verse 15
he = He Himself.
synagogues . App-120 of = by.
Greek. hupo. App-104 .
Verse 16
Nazareth = the (or, that) Nazareth thus
defined. Aramaean. See App-94 .:36. See App-169 .
as His custom was = according to
(Greek. kata. App-104 .) custom.
on. Greek. en. App-104 .
stood up. Being summoned by the superintendent
(Luke
4:17 ). This incident (Luke
4:16-31 ) is peculiar to Luke.
to read . Greek anaginosko. Later usage = to
read aloud (as here, 2
Corinthians 3:15 .Colossians
4:16 . 1
Thessalonians 5:27 ). But in the Papyri generally =
to read. (See Milligan, Selections, pp 39, 112.) The
Lord preached in other synagogues, but read only here in
Nazareth, which shows that He owned, and was owned, to be a
member of this.
Verse 17
there was delivered, &c. = there was further
delivered: i.e. the prophets (the Haphtorah), the second lesson
after another had read the Law (the Parashah or first lesson).
This delivery was made by the chazan = overseer, or Sheliach
tzibbor, angel of the congregation. See Revelation
2:1 , Revelation
2:8 , Revelation
2:12 , Revelation
2:18 ; Revelation
3:1 , Revelation
3:7 , Revelation
3:14 .
Esaias = Isaiah. For the occurance of his name
in the N.T. see App-79 .
opened = unrolled. This word and "closed" (Luke
4:20 ) Occurs only here in the N.T. Compare Nehemiah
8:5 .
found the place . Isaiah
61:1 , Isaiah
61:2 . Doubtless the Haphtorahtorah or second lesson
for the day,
it was written = it stood written. See App-107
.
Verse 18
The Spirit . The Article is understood, in
English. See Luke
4:1 .
upon . Greek. epi. App-104 .
because = on account of which.
anointed Me . Hence His name "Christ".
Compare Acts
10:38 .
preach the gospel = announce the glad tidings
(see verses: Luk 43:44 ). See App-121 . Note the sevenfold
Prophecy ( App-10 ). poor. App-127 .
sent. App-174 .
to heal the broken-hearted. All the texts omit
this clause.
to preach = to proclaim. See App-121 .
deliverance. Greek aphesis. Compare Luke
3:3 .
to set at liberty . . . bruised = to send away
in discharge (en aphesei) the oppressed, or broken. Occurs only
here. This is added from Isaiah
58:6 , making the quotation "compound". See App-107 .
This form of reading was allowed and provided for.
Verse 19
the acceptable year = the welcome year. Either
the Jubilee year (Leviticus
26:8-17 ), or on account of the Lord's ministry
commencing then.
Verse 20
closed = rolled up. Compare Luke
4:17 . Because it was not yet manifest whether the
King and the Kingdom would be received or rejected. See App-72 .
the minister = the servant (or "verger "), who
put it away. Not the President, who first received it from the
servant (Hebrew. chazan) and "delivered "it to the reader.
sat down :i.e. to teach.
were fastened = continued fixed. Almost
peculiar to Luke. See Luke
22:56 , and ten times in Acts. Elsewhere only in 2Co
3:7 , 2
Corinthians 3:13 .
Verse 21
to say unto them , &c. = to say to
them that (Greek. hoti) This day, &c. Note the force of "that",
and see note on Luke
19:9 . Mark
14:30 (where hoti is used), and contrast Luke
22:34 , and Matthew
21:28 (where hoti is absent).
unto . Greek. pros. App-104 .
this scripture . Not the next clause of Isaiah
61:2 , which He did not read. That was then doubtful,
and is now postponed.
Verse 22
at. Greek. epi. App-104 .
the gracious words = the words of grace. See
note on Luke
1:30 . Genitive of character, App-17 .
out of . Greek. ek. App-104 .
Joseph's Son . See note on Luke
3:23 .
Verse 23
surely = doubtless.
proverb = parable. Figure of speech
Paroemia. App-6 .
Physician, &c. Peculiar to Luke. See Colossians
4:14
done = being done.
Capernaum . See App-169 . First occurance in
Luke. Silence there is no proof of ignorance.
also here = here also.
Verse 24
Verily. See note on Matthew
5:18 .
No = That no. Greek. hoti oudeis. See note on
"say", Luke
4:21 .
accepted ; or, welcome. As in Luke
4:19 .
country . Compare Matthew
13:57 (later).
Verse 25
of a truth = in (as in Luke
4:11 ) truth.
Elias = Elijah. See 1
Kings 17:1 , 1
Kings 17:8 , 1Ki 17:9 ; 1
Kings 18:1 .James
5:17 .
the heaven. Singular with Art. See note on Matthew
6:9 , Matthew
6:10 . Revelation
11:12 , Revelation
11:13 ; Revelation
13:6 .
three years and six months. An ominous period.
Compare Daniel
12:7 . Revelation
11:2 , Revelation
11:3 ; Revelation
13:5 ; and App-89 .
and six months . Not "a Jewish tradition", but
a well-known fact. See notes on 1
Kings 17:1 and Luke
18:1 .
when , &c. = and there arose.
throughout = over. Greek. epi. App-104 .
Verse 26
But = And.
save = but. Used, not in the sense
of limitation, but of exclusion, as in Galatians
1:2 , Galatians
1:16 . Supply the Ellipsis ( App-6 ) = "[but he was
sent] to Sarepta".
unto . Greek. eis. App-104 .
Sarepta. Hebrew. Zarephath (1 Kings Luke
17:9 ), now Surafend, in ruins.
Verse 27
in the time of .
Greek. epi. App-104 .
Eliseus = Elisha.
Naaman . See 2Ki 5:
Verse 29
thrust = cast.
out = without, outside.
the brow = an overhanging brow.
Greek. ophrus. Occurs only here in N.T. A medical word (compare Colossians
4:14 ), used of the eyebrows because of their hanging
over. At Nazareth it is not beneath, but hangs over the town
about forty feet. All the texts omit "the".
that they might, &c. See App-23 .
cast Him down
headlong. Greek katakremnizo. Occurs only here in N.T., and in
the Septuagint only in 2
Chronicles 25:12 .
Verse 30
passing through. Doubtless the eyes of the
people were holden. See Luke
24:16 . Compare John
8:59 ; John
10:39 , John
10:40 (compare Psalms
18:29 Psalms
37:33 ).
through. Greek. dia. App-104 .Luke
4:1 .
went His way = went away. Probably never to
return.
Verse 31
And, &c. Figure of speech Polysyndeton ( App-6
) in verses: Luke
4:31-37 . Compare Mark
1:21-28 .
Capernaum. The second place of His ministry.
See the Structure (E2, p. 1442). See App-169 .
Galilee. See App-169 .
taught = was teaching (i.e. continuously).
Verse 32
astonished. Compare Matthew
7:28 .
doctrine = teaching. with.
Greek. en. App-104 .
power = authority, as in Luke
4:6 .
Verse 33
man. Greek anthropos. App-123 .
spirit = Greek. pneuma. App-101 .
of . Genitive of Apposition. App-17 .
unclean. Occurs thirty times, of which
twenty-four apply to demons.
devil = demon.
Verse 34
Let us alone = Ah!
what have , &c. See note on 2
Samuel 18:10 .
Jesus. Demons and Gadarenes, and His enemies
could thus irreverently use this name, but His disciples with
true reverence called Him" Master", or "Lord "(John
13:13 ). to destroy us. Compare James
2:19 .
I know , &c. Greek oida. App-132 . Note the
Singular.
the Holy One of God. Compare Luke
1:35 .
Verse 35
Hold thy peace = Be muzzled, as in 1
Corinthians 9:9 . Compare Matthew
22:12 , Matthew
22:34 .Mark
1:25 .
had thrown, &c. Greek rhipto, the medical word
for convulsions. Occurs only here, Luke
17:2 .Matthew
9:36 ; Matthew
15:30 ; Matthew
27:5 ; and Acts
22:23 ; Acts
27:19 , Acts
27:29 .
in = into. Greek. eis. App-104 .
out of = away from. Greek. apo. App-104 .
hurt. Greek. blapto. A medical word, opposed
to opheleo = to benefit. Occurs only here and Mark
16:18 .
not = in no possible manner.
Greek. meden. Compound of me. App-106 .
Verse 36
And they were all amazed = Astonishment came
upon (Greek. epi. App-104 .) all.
amazed . Greek thambos = astonishment.
Peculiar to Luke.
among = to (Greek. pros. App-104 .)one
another.
What a word is this! What is this word, that?
with. Greek. en. App-104 .
authority. Same word as power in Luke
4:6 .
Verse 37
fame = noise, or ringing in the ears.
Greek echos. Not the same word as in Luke
4:14 . Occurs only here, Acts
2:2 and Hebrews
12:19 . The verb echo occurs in Luke
21:25 and 1
Corinthians 13:1 . A medical word (see Colossians
4:14 ).
Verse 38
And He arose , &c. Compare Matthew
8:14-17 . Mark
1:29-34 .
arose out of = arose [and went] out of:
taken = pressed, or oppressed. Compare Acts
28:8 . Almostpeculiar to Luke, who uses the word nine
times; only three times elsewhere, Matthew
24:4 . 2
Corinthians 5:14 .Philippians
1:1 , Philippians
1:23 (being in a strait).
great. Peculiar to Luke, in this connection.
besought . Aorist Tense; implying a single
act. Not the Imperfect, as generally used.
for = concerning. Greek. peri. App-104 .
Verse 39
stood over her . A medical reference. Peculiar
to Luke.
rebuked. Peculiar to Luke.
immediately . Greek. parachrema. See Luke
1:64 .
Verse 40
when the sun, &c. They waited for the end of
the Sabbath. laid His hands, &c. Peculiar to Luke.
Verse 41
crying out = screaming (inarticulately).
saying, Thou = saying that Thou. See note on Luke
4:34 .
Christ. All the texts omit this.
Christ = the Messiah. App-98 .
Verse 42
And when , &c. Figure of
speech Polysyndeton in verses: Luke
4:42-44 . Compare Mark
1:35-39 .
sought Him . All the texts read "were" seeking
after Him "
unto = up to. Greek. heos.
stayed Him = held Him fast.
Greek. katecho. See note on 2
Thessalonians 2:6 .
not. Greek. me. App-105 .
Verse 43
said . . . I, &c. said. . that I must. See
note on verses: Luke
21:24 .
the kingdom of God. See App-114 .
other = different. See App-124 .
for = because. This is the subject of the
First Period of His ministry. See Luke
4:14 , and App-119 .
therefore = for (Greek. eis. App-104 .) this.
Verse 44
preached = was proclaiming, as in verses: Luke
4:18 , Luke
4:19 . Not the same word as in Luke
4:43 .
Galilee . See App-169 . A Trm WH Rm. read
Judaea.