Christian Churches of God

[F040i]

 

 

 

Insiguro kuri Matayo:

Intangamarara n’Igice ca 1

(Canditswe 1.5 20220407-20220511)

 

 

 

Insiguro y’urukurikirane rw’Ubutumwa Bwiza n’insiguro y’Ibigabane ica 1 gushika ku ca 4.

 

 

Christian Churches of God

Agasandugu ka Posita 369, WODEN ACT 2606, AUSTRALIA

 

Courriel : secretary@ccg.org

 

 

(Copyright ã 2022 Wade Cox)

(Tr. 2022)

 

Izi nyigisho zishobora gukopororwa no gukwiragizwa k’ubuntu atakiguzi gisabwe mu gihe atacongeweko canke atagikuwemwo muri rusangi. Izina ry’Umwanditsi co kimwe n’ibimuranga hamwe n’uburenganzira bw’umwanditsi bisaba kugumizwamwo. Nta kiguzi gisabwa kuri uwo wese ahawe amakopi. Amajambo magufi arashobora kwandikwa mu gusobanura neza no kuyasubiramwo neza mu gihe bitononye uburenganzira bw’umwanditsi.

 

Iki cigwa turagisanga ku buhinga ngurukanabumenyi kuri :
http://logon.org/ na http://ccg.org/

 


 Insiguro kuri Matayo : Intangamarara n’Igice ca 1 [F040i]

 


Intangamarara

Urutonde rw’Ubutumwa Bwiza

Matayo ni co gitabu ca mbere mu Butumwa Bwiza mu rutonde mugabo siko vyagiye bikurikirana mw’iyandikwa rya vyo. Hariho imvo nziza zerekana ko coba ari co canditswe mu vya nyuma. Ikibanza caco muri kahise kirashigikira ico cemezo c’uko coba ari ica kera. Ubu biremezwa cane n’incabwenge ko Mariko iza imbere ya Matayo kandi ko Matayo na Luka vyoba ukwo ari bibiri bishingiye kuri Mariko. Ibibazo ubu butumwa bwiza bukemura mw’ishengero ryo muri Palestina vyerekana ko yokurikiye Luka mu rutonde rwavyo, mugabo biragoye kubitora kuko si kimwe si n’ikindi ntanakimwe cerekana ko kimwe gishingiye ku kindi. Biyumvira ko urukurikirane rwoba ruri gutya Mariko, Luka, Matayo na Yohana kandi bavuga ko uru rutonde rwoba rwemezwa n’abize ivya kahise. Uwitwa Grant yerekana ko vyoba vyanditswe hagati y’imyaka ya 90 na 115 IC (Igihe Cacu) (biri muri kazinduzi yitwa Interpreters Dictionary of the Bible.–Matthew, Gospel of,, Vol. 3 pp. 302ff.). Ibi bifatwa nk’uko atari vyo kuko igitabu ca Matayo canditswe mu giheburayo neza na neza imbere y’isenyurwa ry’Ingoro. Bitabaye bityo mbere vyoba bidatahuritse. Ubutumwa bwiza bwa Yohana bufatwa nk’ubwoba bwanditswe imbere y’iyandikwa ry’Ivyahishuriwe Yohana [l’Apocalypse] i Patmos, kandi koko birashoboka. Mariko na Luka vyo vyanditswe imbere ya Matayo kandi bibonekana ko vyose vyanditswe imbere y’Isenyurwa ry’Ingoro kandi bikaba vyakwiragijwe imbere y’umwaka wa 70 IC. Kudashaka kwemera ibi ku banyabwenge bo hambere ni cokimwe n’ukudashaka kwemera Ikimenyetso ca Yona kwabo n’Inyigisho za Kristo dusanga mu Butumwa Bwiza bugereranywa n’ubuhanuzi.

 

Grant ashigikira ko kuva igihe Irénée (circa. Umwaka wa 180 IC (Contre les Hérésies III, 11.8), birya bikoko bine vyari bishingiye ku Ntumwa muri burya Butumwa Bwiza bune, ibindi twita  canon bikaba vyabayeho imyaka irenga mirongwitatu imbere ya Irénée. Arahuza kandi baba Kerubi bane na bo. Ibi n’ivyiyumviro vya bo kandi ntibitahuritse neza.

 

Imvugo yo hambere ivuga ko Matayo ari co gitabo ca mbere mu Butumwa Bwiza  ishingiye ku vyo  Papius yavuze ( mu kinjana ca II), bivugwa na  Eusèbe (Histoire de l’Église. III, 39.16).  Vyaravuzwe ko Matayo yari yanditse mu giheburayo kandi ko imvugo yisunga ivyo yanditse yari yitwa logion canke ubuhanuzi. Ubutumwa bwiza bwanditswe na Matayo hari ababukoresha, nk’aba Ébionites, mu buryo bw’umwihariko, mbere bo bivugira ko vyoba vyabateye gukosha mu vy’ugusenga kwa bo.

 

Papius nawe ubwiwe mu nyandiko ziwe, nk’uko bivugwa na Eusèbe, asigura ku Butumwa Bwiza bwanditswe na Mariko imbere y’ubwa Matayo kandi ibi abanyabwenge benshi baravyirengagiza, mbere na Grant (ibid) arabivuga ku rupapuro rwa 303, col. 2. Urwo rutonde rutari rwo na Augustin ntiyarutahuye maze bica vyinjira mu mashengero yose gutyo.

 

Haraboneka ibindi vyemezo vy’urwo rutonde rw’ivyo bitabo muri mosaïque du mausolée de Galla Placidia hanze y’isengero ryitwa San Vitale de Ravenne. Yari mushiki w’umwami w’abami Honorius, wo mu Burengero. Yari umuntu yiryohera cane maze aca apfa inyuma gato y’iyubakwa ry’iyo ngoro yiwe. Igenekerezo ry’iryo yubakwa ryari circa. 440 IC. Iyo ngoro yari ifise ububiko bw’ibitabo vyinshi vya kera. Yerekana ibitabo vy’Ubutumwa bwiza gutya :

Marcus Lucas

Matteus Ioannes

 

Ivyo vyakozwe mu kiringo kirenga gato ikinjana inyuma y’inama y’i Nicée, mu mwaka wa 325 IC, kandi imyaka icenda inyuma gato y’inama yabereye i Efeso, mu mwaka wa 431 IC. Ibi vyabaye imbere y’uko hemerwa na bose ivya Augustin vyari bishingiye ku gikorwa ca Papius, yirengagije ivyo Papius yavuze musi agashira Mariko ubwa mbere. We yafata ko igitabo ca Matayo caza ubwa mbere, hama Mariko mu ncamake, hama Luka na Yohana. Ukuri kwari ko igitabo ca Mariko kiza imbere y’ica Matayo kandi ko Matayo yasiguye Mariko kandi yandika mu giheburayo, ari co carungitswe muri Aziya maze gisobanurwa mu kigiriki, mu ki arameye hama munyuma mu carabu. Ubwo Butumwa Bwiza bwiwe bwarajanywe mu buhindi kugira batanguzeyo ishengero (cf. 122D).

 

Izindi ntonde ziri mu vyandikishijwe Intoke vyerekana izindi ntonde hisunzwe ingene bakurikiranya amazina y’Intumwa, nk’uko tubibona mu rutonde rwa Clermont gwavuye muri Egiputa circa. Umwaka wa 300 IC, bakurikirana gutya Matayo, Yohana, Mariko na Luka, canke urutonde rwa Cheltenham gwatowe na Mommsen mu mwaka wa 1885, mbere kenshi gwitwa urutonde gwa Mommsen, ruva muri Afirika ya Ruguru circa. Umwaka wa 360 IC.

 

Aha rero, bibonekana ko umengo urutonde rwo muri mosaïque du mausolée de Galla Placidia i Ravenne rwoba rwavuye mu nsobanuro za kera zo mw’Ishengero ryo mu Butaliyano, rutarononwa n’ivyakurikiye vya Augustin, kandi ibi vyemezwa n’imbono za Irénée w’i Lyon we, akir’umwana, yicaye ku birenge vya Yohana kandi akaba yarayaze n’abari bazi Kristo, kandi akaba yigishijwe na Polycarpe n’izindi ntumwa zo mu nyuma. 

 

Ibindi vyemezo vyova kandi muri Accademia y’i Venise aho ivyandiko vyo ku gisenge ca Sala Della Presentazione vyerekana urwo rutonde nyene (Grant, p. 303 ibid). Grant abandanya yerekana ibindi vyemezo bishigikira iki ciyumviro kandi biraboneka inyandiko z’abaroma za mbere zari muri urwo rutonde.

 

Iciyumviro gishaje c’uko Matayo ari co gitabo ca mbere gishingiye ku mvugo ya Papius ivugwa na  Eusèbe (Histoire de l'Église. III. 39:16) : "Matayo yatororokanije ubuhanuzi [oracles] abushira mu mvugo (sic) y’igiheburayo maze umwe wese akazisobanurira neza ukwo ashoboye". Ni muri iyo ntumbero, bose babigabanya canke bavyagura nk’ukwo bavyumva. Ariko hamwe sivyo uravye ubudasa buri hagati ya Yohana n’ubundi Butumwa Bwiza muri rusangi.

 

Irobanurwa ry’ibitabo bigize ico twita canon n’iyemezwa ku mugaragaro rya vyo ko ari ivyahumetswe tubisanga mu cigwa Bibiliya (No. 164). Igihe ivyo bitabo vyiswe canon vyashirwa hamwe, harabayemwo amakosa menshi n’ukwihenda mu kubisobanura kugira ngo binjizemwo inyigisho z’Ubutatu  (soma 164C, 164F et 164G) kandi igikorwa ca nyuma cuzuyemwo amakosa, amanyanga n’ukwihenda mu nsobanuro vyari mu citwa Textus Receptus c’abafurera b’umuryango Elzevir, na Bibiliya yitwa KJV [canke iyitwa Martin canke Ostervald mu gifaransa] ni co kintu kibi cavuyemwo. Kwizera cane ibiri muri iyo Bibiliya yitwa KJV vyotuma umuntu adatahura neza canke ngo amenye ukuri. Nimba iyo Bibiliya yokoreshwa, ni vyiza ko twoyigana n’iyindi Bibiliya yitwa Companion Bible yanditswe na Bullinger tukanasoma n’ivyo yanditse musi ku mpera z’impapuro.

 

Igitabu kimwe kimwe mu bigize Ubutumwa Bwiza kirafise intumbero. Mu vy’ukuri Ubutumwa Bwiza nk’uko bwanditswe na Matayo ntabwo bufise intumbero yo kuvuga ivy’igisokuru c’abami, nk’uko bamwe mu banyabwenge bamwe babivuga, ariko Matayo agomba kwerekana impamvu Kristo atotegerejwe kuba umwami wa Isirayeli n’i Buyuda bitavuye ku Mana ubwayo. Ntawukomoka kuri Conia yoshoboye kwicara ku ntebe y’ubwami bwa Isirayeli bitavuye ku Mana (soma iy’ Amamuko ya Mesiya (No. 119)). Aha muri Matayo iyi nkomoko yongera kandi ikaba n’iya Yosefu na Mariya, nyina wa Kristo muri Luka ikigabane ca 3. Ivyo biremerwa cane n’abanyabwenge n’abakristo nk’inkomoko kandi ya Mariya. Abagiriki bakurikiza inkomoko z’ibisokuru zidashiramwo umukenyezi ariko bashingira kw’izina ry’umugabo, ariko bakerekana ko umukenyezi ar’uwo kwibukwa. Kahise k’Ishengero  ry’aba celtes bo muri Grande-Bretagne, ryatangujwe na  Aristobulus (No. 122D), rihereye mu ba Gallois, kerekana ko umwami Bran wa Grande-Bretagne yari yubakanye na Ana, umukobwa wa Yosefu w’i  Arimatiya, umuyuda, umudandaza /yarangura ivyuma n’aba Britanniques. Bran yatazirwa Bran uwahezagiwe/uwuguweneza kubera yari yarongoye muvyara w’isugi, nyina wa Yesu Kristo, kandi kubera Yosefu yari se wabo w’uwo mwigeme akaba na se wabo wa Mesiya. Kubw’ivyo,  Arviragus, umwami w’aba Siluriens, akaba na mwenewabo wa Caradog, umwami w’aba Cantii n’aba Catevelauni, yatanze amahegitari 12 y’itongo kugira hubakwe Isengero ry’i Glastonbury muri Grande-Bretagne azigabira  Yosefu, ari we sekuru kubw’isezerano, no ku mwishwawe Linus ap Caradog, yarobanuwe na Kristo maze aba umwungere wa mbere w’i Roma. Ni gutyo rero, abo muri Royaume-Uni bose bava kuri abo bami baba ari abo mu muryango wa Kristo. Hari vyinshi vyakozwe n’abo mu Burayi kugira bazimanganye iyo nkuru ya kahise, ariko aba Gallois barayizigamye kandi ivyemezo birahari vyinshi bikwiye (turabisanga kandi muri Ashley. M, Mammoth Book of British Kings and Queens, Carroll and Graf Publishers, 1998/9). Iki ciyumviro kirashigikirwa n’uko Pilato yahaye uwo Yosefu ikiziga ca Yesu Kristo kugira agifube mu mva yiwe ubwiwe, kubera ko mwenewabo Héli yari yapfuye kandi yoba ari we yari umuntu wo mu muryango akuze akaba mu barongoye Ubucamanza. 

 

Meurig, umwuzukuru wa Arviragus, yarongoye umukobwa wa Cyllin ap Caradog, umwishwa wa Linus, umwungere w’i Roma. Maze baca basubira muri Grande-Bretagne babaye abarongozi n’abakiriya b’Abaroma. Meurig n’uwo mukobwa baca babandanya bateza imbere ishengero ry’i Glastonbury. Ryamenyekanye cane muri kahise kw’izina rya St Marius.   

 

 

Ni nk’ukwo kandi, Inkomoko ya Kristo yerekana ikurikizwa ryiza ry’Ivyagezwe vya Bibiliya vyo Guhonora mu gushira mu ngiro Ivyagezwe vy’Imana (L1).

 

*****

 

Matayo

Vyanditswe na E.W. Bullinger

 

UBUTUMWA BWIZA BWANDITSWE NA MATAYO


INDINGANIZO Y’IGITABO MURI RUSANGI.


"EHE UMWAMI WANYU" (Zekariya 9:9, Matayo 21:5).

Matayo…..1:1….Matayo2:23....IMBERE-Y’IVUGABUTUMWA.

3:1-4 INTEGUZA.

3:5-17 UMUBATIZO : W’AMAZI.

4:1-11 UKUGERAGEZWA : MU BUGARAGWA.

Matayo 4:12 - Matayo 7:29. UBWAMI

Matayo 8:1 - Matayo 16:20. UMWAMI

Matayo 16:21 - Matayo 20:34. UMWAMI

Matayo 21:1 - Matayo 26:35. UBWAMI

26:36-46 KU MPFIRO MU MURIMA.

Matayo 26:47 - Matayo 28:15. UMUBATIZO : WO KUBABAZWA (URUPFU, URUHAFU NO KUZUKA, Matayo 20:22).

28:16-18 ABASUBIRIZI.

28:19,20 INYUMA-Y’IVUGABUTUMWA.


IVYAVUZWE KU BUTUMWA BWIZA BWANDITSWE NA MATAYO


Intumbero Mvajuru y’Ubutumwa Bwiza bwa MATAYO n’iyo kwerekana Umukiza nk’Umwami wa Yehovah. Niyo mpamvu ivyabaye igihe ciwe vyashizwe ahabona birerekanwa, kugira ngo ivyiwe vyerekanwe nka Mesiya yarungitswe kugira ashitse Ubuhanuzi bwose bumwerekeye. Tuyigereranije na Mariko na Luka, Matayo ntabuze nk’ibintu mirongwitatu yisangije mu Butumwa Bwiza bwiwe, kandi nka vyose bishingiye ku Mwami no ku Bwami, ari vyo yitaho cane mu Butumwa bwiwe.


I. Ibintu bine bijanye n’ubuto bwiWe :

Urugendo rw’Abanyabwenge (2:1-15).

Ubwicanyi bw’i Betelehemu (2:16-18).

Uguhungira muri Egiputa (2:19-22).

Ugusubira i Nazareti (Matayo 2:23).


II. Imigani Cumi :

Urwamfu (13:24-30).

Abakozi bo mu Ruzabibu (20:1-16).

Itunga Rinyegejwe (Matayo 13:44).

Abahungu Babiri (21:28-32).

Imaragarita (Matayo 13:45).

Ubukwe bw’Umwana w’Umwami (22:1-14).

Urusenga ruterewe (Matayo 13:47).

Inkumi Cumi (25:1-13).

Umushumba w’imburakigongwe (18:23-35).

Italanto (25:14-46).

 

III. Ibitangaro Bibiri :

Impumyi Zibiri (20:30-34).
Ikingorongoro c’Amahera mu Kanwa k’Urufi (17:24-27).

 

IV. Amajambo Cumi Ahambaye :

Inyigisho yo ku Musozi (Mat. 5-7).

Gutumira Abarushe n’Abaremerewe (11:28-30).

Amajambo Asunitswe n’impwemu (Matayo 12:36, Matayo12:37).
Ihishurirwa rya Petero (16:17-19).

Soma Ivyongeweko-147.

Ugucabugufi n’Uguharirwa (18:15-35).

Ukuzinukwa Kwiwe kw’aba ruriya Runganwe (Matayo 21:43).

Ivyago Umunani (23. Soma ivyongeweko-126).

Ubuhanuzi bwo ku Musozi wa Elayono (Matayo 25:1-46).

Soma Ivyongeweko-155.

Igikorwa n’Isezerano (28:18-20).

Soma Ivyongeweko-167.


V. Ibihe Bitandatu bijanye n’Umubabaro wiwe :

Uburyarya no Kwiyahura kwa Yuda (Matayo 26:14-16 ; 27:3-11).

Inzozi z’Umugore wa Pilato (Matayo 27:19).

Ukuzuka kw’Aberanda inyuma y’Izuka Ryiwe (Matayo 27:52, Matayo 27:53).

Irementanya kubijanye n’Ikiziga Ciwe (27:62-64).

Barinda Imva Yiwe (Matayo 27:65 ; 66).

Kunyiganyiga kw’Isi mu Gitondo c’Ukuzuka (Matayo 28:2).


Ahenshi muri aho tudondaguye harafitaniye isano n’intumbero nyamukuru y’ubu Butumwa Bwiza. Amajambo n’imvugo zo muri ubu Butumwa Bwiza bifise intumbero imwe : ariyo  " y’Ubwami bwo mw’ijuru ", bubonekana incuro mirongwitatu na zibiri, kandi ntanarimwe mu bundi Butumwa Bwiza ; " Data ari mw’ijuru ", ribonekana incuro cumi na zitanu muri Matayo, incuro zibiri gusa muri Mariko ; nta nahamwe muri Luka; "Umuhero w’isi ", ribonekana gusa muri Matayo ; "kugira ngo iryavuzwe ritahe ", incuro icenda muri Matayo, kandi ntanahandi urisanga ; " handitse ngo ", canke " mwarumvise ", incuro cumi na zine muri Matayo, kandi ntahandi biri. + Hose hamwe, Matayo afise ahantu miringwitandatu hisunga Isezerano rya Kera, kuko Ivyagezwe n’Ubuhanuzi vyashikijwe n’ukuza kwa Mesiya. Irivuga rheo ribonekana incuro mirongwibiri muri Matayo (incuro cumi na zine ku Bavugishwa n’Imana, n’incuro zitandatu mu Nyigisho yo ku Musozi, zitangurwa na "mwarumvise",
Matayo 5:21, Matayo 5:27, Matayo 5:31, Matayo 5:33, Matayo 5:38, Matayo 5:43).

 

Ikibazo c’amajambo y’abantu ba kino gihe ku bijanye n’aho Abavugabutumwa bakuye ibikoresho ntikibazwa, kuko, nko kuri Luka (Matayo 1:3), ivyo babihawe bivuye "mw’ijuru" (Gr. anothen) ; soma indanzi yo kuri vyo. Ariko kandi, indunduro Mvajuru ya Luka n’iyo kwerekana Umwami atari nk’"Imana itunganye" gusa (nko muri Luka 1:32-35 no muri Yohana), ariko kandi n’ukwerekana ivuka Ryiwe n’ubuto Bwiwe mu butumwa bwiza bwa.

*Luka 11:2, "ari mw’ijuru", iki kirirengagizwa mu nyandiko zihavugako. Soma Ivyongeweko-94. VII.

+ Mariko 13;14, "cavuzwe n’uwavugishwa n’Imana Daniyeli", kirirengagizwa n’abagize ico bavuga. Soma Ivyongeweko-94. VII.

 

*****

 

 

 

 

 

Matayo Ibigabane 1-4 (BY)

 

Ikigabane ca 1

Igitabo kidondora ukuvuka kwa Yesu Kristo, umwana wa Dawidi, Dawidi wa Aburahamu. Aburahamu yavyaye Isaka, Isaka yavyaye Yakobo, Yakobo yavyaye Yuda n’abandi bavukana ; Yuda yavyaye Peresi na Zera kuri Tamari, Peresi yavyaye Hesironi, hesironi yavyaye Ramu ; Ramu yavyaye Aminadabu, Aminadabu yavyaye Nahasoni, Nahasoni yavyaye Salumoni ; Salumoni yavyaye Bowazi kuri Rahabu, Bowazi yavyaye Obedi kuri Rusi, Obedi yavyaye Isayi ; Isayi yavyaye umwami Dawidi. Dawidi yavyaye Salomo kuri muka Uriya ; Salomo yavyaye Rehobowamu, Rehobowamu yavyaye Abiya, Abiya yavyaye Asa ; Asa yavyaye Yehoshafati, Yehoshafati yavyaye Yoramu, Yoramu yavyaye Uziya ; Uziya yavyaye Yotamu, Yotamu yavyaye Ahazi, Ahazi yavyaye Hezekiya ; 10 Hezekiya yavyaye Manase, Manase yavyaye Amoni, Amoni yavyaye Yosiya ; 11 Yosiya yavyaye Yekoniya n’abandi bavukana, mu gihe co kwambukanwa i Babuloni. 12 Kuva mu gihe co kwambukanwa i Babuloni Yekoniya yavyaye Shalutiyeli, Shalutiyeli yavyaye Zerubabeli ; 13 Zerubabeli yavyaye Abihudi, Abihudi yavyaye Eliyakimu, Eliyakimuyavyaye Azori ; 14 Azori yavyaye Sadoki, Sadoki yavyaye Akimu, Akimu yavyaye Elihudi ; 15 Élihudi yavyaye Eliyazari, Eliyazari yavyaye Matani, Matani yavyaye Yakobo ; 16 Yakobo yavyaye Yosefu, umugabo wa Mariya nyina wa Yesu yitwa Kristo. 17 Nuko ba sekuruza bose guhera kuri Aburahamu gushitsa kuri Dawidi n’icumi na bane, kandi guhera kuri Dawidi gushitsa ku gihe co kwambukanwa i Babuloni n’icumi na bane, kandi guhera ku gihe co kwambukanwa i Babuloni gushitsa kuri Kristo n’icumi na bane nyene. 18 Ukuvuka kwa Yesu Kristo kwabaye gutya. Nyina Mariya yarakowe na Yosefu ataramurongora bamubona afise inda yavuye kuri Mpwemu Yera. 19 Ariko Yosefu, umugabo wiwe, kukw’ar’umugororotsi, kandi kukw’atagomvye kumutetereza, yiyumvira kumubengera mu mpisho. 20 Akivyiyumvira, umumarayika w’Umwami Imana amwiyerekera mu nzozi, aramubarira ati : Yosefu, mwana wa Dawidi, ntutinye kurongora Mariya umugeni wawe, kukw’atwaye inda ya Mpwemu Yera; 21 azovyara umwana w’umuhungu, nawe uz’umwite YESU, kukw’ari we azokiza abantu biwe ivyaha vyabo. 22 Ivyo vyose vyabaye bityo ngw’ivyo Umwami Imana yavugiye mu kanwa k’uwavugishwa nawe biboneke : 23 ngo Raba, inkumi izotwara inda, ivyare umwana, w’umuhungu, Bazomwita Imanuweli ; risobanurwa ngw’Imana iri kumwe natwe. 24 Yosefu yikanguye aravyuka, agira nk’uk’umumarayika w’umwami Imana yamubariye, arongora umugeni wiwe. 25 Kandi ntiyigera amwegera gushitsa aho yavyariye umwana w’umuhungu ; araheza amwitaYESU.

 

Intumbero y’Ikigabane ca 1

Imirongo 1-17 ivuga amamuko ya Kristo, tubisanga mu cigwa Amamuko ya Mesiya (No. 119) (soma kandi Luka 3:23-38). Muri ico gitabo, amamuko ya Mesiya arasiguwe neza guhera kuri Adamu. "Ibisomwa vyo muri Matayo 1 no muri Luka 3 navyo birasiguwe neza ndetse n’ibihushane biri hagati yavyo harasiguwe kandi n’igitabo c’Ingoma. Imvugo nziza itomoye yerekana ko Mesiya yarungitswe gukiza abanyavyaha. Amamuko ya Mesiya n’ikintu gikomeye cane kugira tumenye uwo Mesiya uwo yari we. Ikindi kintu gikomeye kandi, n’uko amamuko atanga ubumenyi bukomeye cane kw’ishika ry’ubuhanuzi n’ivyagezwe vya". Igisokuru gifatiye kuri Dawidi umwami (22:41-45) (Abaroma 1:3) gushika kuri Aburahamu (Ab’i Galatiya 3:16). 3-6 :  Rusi 4:18-22 ; 1Ngoma. 2:1-15 ; 11 : Ikinyago, 2Abami 24:8-16 ; Yeremiya 27:20 ; 12 : Yekoniya canke Yehoyakimu, (2Abami 24:6 ; 1Ngoma 3:16). Sheyalutiyeli yakomotseko abavuye mu guhonora Pedaya 1Ngoma 3:16-19 ; (soma kandi Ezira 3:2 ; Hagayi 2:2 ; Luka 3:27 ; soma igisokuru c’abakomoka kuri Zerubabeli twisunze 119 aha hepfo). 13-16 : Abantu bo kuri Abihu gushika kuri Yakobo umengo basa nkabatazwi (119 aha hepfo). 16 : Kriso niyo nsobanuro y’ikigiriki ya Mesiya bisigura uwasizwe amavuta (Abalewi 4:3, 5. 16 ; 2Samweli 1:14-16). 

 

Mariya yasamye kubwa Mpwemu Yera n’ivuka rya Yesu Kristo (vv. 18-25).

Muri iki gice, Matayo yerekana ko Mariyamu yasamye kubwa Mpwemu Yera. Yar’akowe na Yosefu, maze umumarayika w’Uhoraho aramubonekera kugira umumenyeshe ko yokwemera gutwara Mariyamu (bamwita nabi ngo ni Mariya) maze bakabana kandi ko uwo mwana azitwa Yesu (Yahoshua canke Yosuwa), akaba ari we azokiza abantu biwe ivyaha vyabo. Ivyo vyose vyabaye kugira ngo hashitswe ubuhanuzi bwo muri Yesaya (Yesaya 7:14) ku murongo wa  23 (soma kandi Luka 1:26-2:40).

 

Yosefu yahavuye abana na Mariyamu ariko "ntibaryamanye" gushika yibarutse Yesu Kristo.

 

20 : Abamarayika, n’ibiremwa vy’impwemu, abana b’Imana (elohim), barungikwa nk’intumwa (Heb. Malak) kugira bakorere Imana mu bantu.

21 : Yesu (Gr. Iesou ; Héb. Yahoshua canke Yosuwa ang.) iki arameye n’igiheburayo bigomba gusa kandi vyose ukwo ari bibiri bisigura ko  azorokora. Yategerezwa gukiza abantu ivyaha vyabo.

22-23 : inkumi (soma Yesaya 7:14n Annot. RSV)

25 : Abakatorika b’abaromani bo bivugira ko ijambo gushika umwana avutse bisigura ko batigeze bahuza ibitsina inyuma y’Ivuka rya Yesu Kristo. Ni bake mu yindi mirwi isenga bemera ivyo kandi Bibiliya itubwira ibinyuranye n’ivyo.

 

Ikigabane ca 2

Yesu amaze kuvukira i Betelehemu mu gihugu c’i Yudaya ku ngoma y’umwami Herode, haza abanyabwenge bavuye i burasirazuba, baja i Yerusalemu, barabaza bati : Umwami w’Abayuda yavutse ari hehe ? Kuko twabonye inyenyeri yiwe, tur’i burasirazuba, none tukaba tuzanywe no kumushengerera. Umwami Herodi avyumvise, ahagarika umutima n’ab’i Yerusalemu bose. Akoranya abaherezi bakuru n’abanyabwenge b’ivyanditswe bose bo mur’ubwo bwoko, arababaza, ati Kristo azovukira hehe ? Bati n’i Betelehemu mu gihugu c’i Yudaya, ni ko vyanditswe n’umuntu yavugishwa n’Imana : Ngo kandi wewe, Betelehemu mu ntara ya Yuda, Nturi mutoya mu baganwa ba Yuda, kuko kuri wewe hazova uwuganza, Ni we azoragira abantu banje b’Abisirayeli. Buno Herode ahamagaza ba banyabwenge mu mpisho, abasiguza igihe iyo nyenyeri yabonekeye. Abatuma i Betelehemu ati : Mugende, mubaze mushirutse umwete ivy’uwo mwana. Ni mwamubona muce muza kumbarira, ngo nanje nze kumushengerera. Na bo bumvise iry’umwami, baragenda. Maz’iyo nyenyeri babonye i burusirazuba irabarongora, irinda ishika hejuru y’aho uwo mwana ari, ihagararaho. 10 Babonye iyo nyenyeri banezerwa akaneza kenshi cane. 11 Bashitse mu nzu babona uwo mwana na Mariya nyina wiwe ; bikubita hasi, baramupfukamira, barumura ibisimbo vyabo, bamushikanira amashikanwa, izahabu n’imibavu n’isenga. 12 Babwiriwe n’Imana mu nzozi ngo ntibasubire guca kwa Herode, baca mu yindi nzira, bisubirira mu gihugu c’i wabo. 13 Bamaze kugenda, umumarayika w’Umwami Imana yiyerekera Yosefu mu nzozi, aramubwira ati : Vyuka , ujane umwana na nyina, uhungire muri Egiputa, ugumeyo gushitsa aho nzokubaririra, kuko Herode agira arondere umwana ngw’amwice. 14 Yosefu ahengera mw’ijoro aravyuka, ajana umwana na nyina, aja muri Egiputa. 15 Agumayo gushitsa  Herode amaze gutanga, ngw’ivyo Umwami Imana yavugiye mu wavugishwa na we bishike, ngo Nahamagaye umwana wanje ngw’ave muri Egiputa. 16 Maze Herode abonye ko yahenzwe n’abo banyabwenge, arajingitwa cane. Atuma kugeseza abana b’abahungu bose b’i Betelehemu no mu misozi yose ihakikije, abamaze imyaka ibiri n’abatarayimara, yagerereje igihe yasigurije abanyabwenge. 17 Ni ho ivyavuzwe na Yeremiya yavugishwa n’Imana vyashikiye: 18 Ngw’induru yumvikana i Rama, Amarira n’amaborogo menshi ; Rakeli aririra abana biwe, yanka kwirurwa, kuko batakiriho. 19 Herode amaze gutanga, umumarayika w’Umwami Imana yiyereka Yosefu mu nzozi ari muri Egiputa, 20 aramubwira ati : Vyuka, ujane umwana na nyina, uje mu gihugu c’i Bwisirayeli, kukw’abarondera kwica umwana bapfuye. 21 Yosefu avyutse, ajana umwana na nyina, aragenda, ashika mu gihugu c’i Bwisirayeli. 22 Ariko yumise yuko Arukelayo yimye i Yudaya, asubiye ku ngoma ya se Herode, atinya kujayo. Abwiriwe mu nzozi, aja mu bihugu vy’i Galilaya. 23 Ashitseyo, agerera mu gisagara citwa Nazareti, ngw’ivyavuzwe n’abavugishwa n’Imana bishike, ngw’Azokwitwa Umunyanazareti.

 

Intumbero y’Ikigabane ca 2

Yesu (Yahoshua canke Yosuwa) yavukiye i Betelehemu, mu buyudeha, ku ngoma ya Herode (v. 1). Hérode yapfuye hagati y’amagenekerezo ya 1-14 Abibu 4 IIC ; ntabwo Kristo yavutse inyuma ya Nzero mu mwaka wa 4 IIC.  (soma Imyaka ya Kristo igihe Yabatizwa n’Ikiringo c’Ivugabutumwa Ciwe (No. 019)). Abanyabwenge (Mages – umugwi w’abanyabwenge bo Buperesi bwa kera) bari baje gushengerera "umwami w’abayuda yavutse" (v. 1-2 ; soma. Yeremiya 23:5 ; Guharura 24:17), ivyo vyateye amakenga Hérode (v. 3), yabikuye mu buhanuzi bwa Mika 5:2 abibwiwe n’abaherezi bakuru n’abanyabwenge b’ivyanditswe b’i Yerusalemu (vv. 4-6) (soma. Yohana 7:42). Hérode yategetse abo banyabwenge ko nibabona uwo mwana baca bagaruka bakamubwira aho yavukiye. Abo banyabwenge bakurikiye iyo nyenyeri bagiye bitwaje amashikanwa y’izahabu, ibimota neza n’imira. Baragabishijwe ko batosubira i Yerusalemu ahubwo ko bosubira mu gihugu cabo (vv. 7-12) (soma Luka 2:7 n’ivyongeweko).

 

Maze Yosefu yabwiwe guhungira muri Egiputa kubera Herode yarafise intumbero mbi yo kwica uwo mwana. Yagumye muri Egiputa gushika Herode apfuye. Ibi vyabaye kugira ngo ubuhanuzi bwo muri Hoseya 11:1 bushike "Maze mpamagara uwo mwana wanje ngw’ave muri Egiputa". (vv. 13-15) (soma. Kuvayo 4:22).

 

Imirongo ya 16-18 ivuga ivy’iyicwa ry’abana bose bafise imyaka ibiri n’iyiri musi. Herode yari yashavuriye cane ba banyabwenge kuko bamubeshe maze aharura umwanya wahaciye kuva aho abo banyabwenge bari bamubwiriye ko babonye inyenyeri kugira yice abana b’abahungu bose bakwije n’abatarakwiza imyaka ibiri i Betelehemu no muri iyo micungararo.

Ivyo vyashikije ubuhanuzi bwo muri Yeremiya 31:15 (v.18) bwavuga buti :

"Induru yumvikana i Rama, amaborogo n’amarira menshi ; Rakeli aririra abana biwe, yanka kwirurwa umubabaro w’abana, kuko batakiriho."

I Rama hari nko ku birometero umunani (8 km) mu buraruko bw’i Yerusalemu. Rakeli, muka Yakobo, yapfuye ariko aribaruka maze ahambwa hafi y’i Betelehemu (soma. Itanguriro 35:16-20). I Rama, mu buraruko bw’i Yerusalemu, yari ishusho y’umubabaro w’igihugu (Yeremiya 40:1) gitewe n’abansi, cane cane Herode umunya Idumeyene.

 

Kristo yavutse imbere y’umwaka wa 4 IIC (Imbere y’Igihe Cacu) hama urupfu rwa Herode ruba hagati y’amagenekerezo ya 1na 13 Abibu umwaka wa 4 IIC. Urukurikirane rw’ivyabaye turusanga mu cigwa Imyaka ya Kristo n’Ukubatizwa kwiwe n’Ikiringo c’Ivugabutumwa ryiwe (No. 019).

 

Imirongo yo kuva 19 gushika 23 irerekana ukugaruka kw’umuryango muri Isirayeli. Bamaze kwumva ko Arukelayo, umuhungu wa Herode, yimye i Yudaya asubiye ku ngoma ya se (uyu yatwaye kuva 4 IIC gushika 6 IC), Yosefu yaciye yigira inama yo kuja i Galilaya mu gisagara citwa Nazareti.

 

Harimwo ibisusirane mu mvugo no mu nsiguro ishoboka hagati y’iki arameye n’igiheburayo kw’ijambo agashami (soma Yesaya 11:1).

Ikigabane ca 3

Mur’iyo misi haza Yohana Umubatizi, yigishiriza mu bugaragwa bw’i Yudaya. Ati : Mwihane, kuk’ubwami bwo mw’ijuru buri hafi. Uyo niwe yavuzwe na Yesaya yavugishwa n’Imana ati : Ijwi ry’uwusemerera mu bugaragwa, ati ni mutegure inzira y’Uhoraho, Mugorore iz’ibihamo ziwe. Yohana uyo, imyambaro yiwe yar’iy’ubwoya bw’ingamiya, yayikenyeza umukanda w’urusato mu rukenyerero ; indya ziwe zar’inzige n’ubuki bwo mw’ishamba. Maz’ab’i Yerusalemu n’ab’i Yudaya bose n’igihugu giherereye kuri yorodani cose, bava i wabo baza kuri we ; babatizwa na we mu ruzi Yorodani, batura ivyaha vyabo. Abonye benshi bo mu Bafarisayo no mu Basadukayo bazanywe  no kugira ngw’ababatize, arababaza, ati : Mwa bana b’inzoka mwe , ni nde yababuriye ngo muhunge uburake buzoza ? Nuko mwame imbuto zikwiranye n’ukwihana. Mwoye kwiyumvira mu mitima, muti Dufise Aburahamu, ni we sogokuruza. Ndababwira yukw’aya mabuye Imana ishobora kuyavyuramw’abana ba Aburahamu. 10 Arikw’incabiti igenekerejwe ku bitsina vy’ibiti ; nuko rer’igiti cose kitama ivyiza kiracibwa, kigatererwa mu muriro. 11 N’ukuri jeho ndababatiza mu mazi ngo mwihane ; arik’uwuzoza hanyuma yanje andusha ubushobozi, ntibimbereye no kumutwaza inkweto. Uyo azobabatiza muri Mpwemu Yera no mu muriro. 12 Urutaro rwiwe ruri mu kuboko kwiwe, kand’azokubura imbuga yiwe neza, yimburire ingano ziwe mu kigega, maz’umuguruka awuturire mu muriro utazima. 13 Ico gihe Yesu ava i Galilaya, aja kuri Yorodani aje kuri Yohana, azanywe no kubatizwa na we. 14 Ariko Yohana agomba kumwankira ati : Kw’ari jewe nkwiye kubatizwa nawe ; non’uje kuri jewe ? 15 Yesu aramwishura ati : Bikunde kukw’ari vyo bidukwiye, ngo dushitse ukugororoka kwose. Bun’aramukundira. 16 Yesu amaze kubatizwa, aca ava mu mazi ; maz’ijuru riruguruka, abona Mpwemu w’Imana, amanuka asa n’inuma, amugwako. 17 Buno rer’ijwi riva mw’ijuru riti : Uyu ni we Mwana wanje nkunda, akampimbara.

 

Intumbero y’Ikigabane ca 3

Inkuru ya Yohana umubatizi turayisanga no muri Luka, ikigabane ca 1. Kuva ku murongo wa 1 gushika ku wa 3, Yohana yigishiriza mu bugaragwa bw’i Yudaya, agabisha abantu ngo bihane kuk’ubwami bw’ijuru buri hafi, nk’uk’uwavugishwa n’Imana Yesaya yari yarabivuze (Yesaya 40:3).

Uyo niwe yavuzwe na Yesaya yavugishwa n’Imana ati : "Ijwi ry’uwusemerera mu bugaragwa, ati ni mutegure inzira y’Uhoraho, mugorore iz’ibihamo ziwe." (v.3)

 

Yohana yigisha ukwihana. Kwihana bisigura kugaruka mw’isezerano ry’Imana n’abantu (Kuvayo 19:3-6 ; 24:3-8 ; Yeremiya 31:31-34).  Umurongo wa 4 uvuga inyambaro yiwe n’ivyo yafungura (soma 2Abami 1:8 ; Zekariya 13:4 na Yesaya 40:3, Malaki 3:1) (soma 3:3 na 17:10-12). Malaki 4:5 havuga uwavugishwa n’Imana Eliya azoza mu Misi y’Iherezo (soma Abavugishwa n’Imana Babiri (No. 135) n’Intambara z’Iherezo, Igice ca II : Imisi 1260 y’Abavugishwa n’Imana (No. 141D)). Abantu benshi b’i Yerusalemu n’i Yudaya baza kuri we kugira bumvirize ubutumwa bwiwe maze akababatiza mu ruzi Yorodani. (vv. 5-6) (soma Mariko 1:4).

 

Igihe abafarisayo n’abasadukayo baza kuri we, yababwiranye uburake bwinshi ati : Mw’abana b’inzoka mwe ! Ni nde yababuriye ngo muhung’uburake buzoza ?

Yaragomvye kuvuga urubanza rw’Imana (1Ab’i Tesalonike. 1:10) (soma kandi 22:23 ; n’Ivyakozwe n’Intumwa 23:6-10). Akandi kadumbidumbi ka gatatu k’Abayuda kari muri Palestine kari ak’aba Esséniens (cf. Josèphe B.J. 11.8. 2-13). Inyandiko z’intoke zatowe mu kiyaga cakamye Manuscrits de la Mer Morte (MMM) ziratanga umuco ku migirwa yabo, ariko iyo mvugo iva mu kagwi k’abapagani bo muri Siriya kuri Pline, akagwi ka Qumran ntikifashe nk’aba Essenien karabitaye.

 

Yohana yaravuze ivy’ubwami (soma kandi 4:17). Yarabahanuye ngo bame ivyamwa vyo kwihana.  Ntibihagije kuvuga ko sogokuruza wabo ari Aburahamu kubera Imana yoshobora guhagurutsa amabuye ikayakuramwo abuzukuru ba Aburahamu. (vv. 7-9). Yari agomvye kuvuga ivy’agakiza ku banyamahanga (abapagani), ari nayo ntumbero nyezina y’Ubutumwa Bwiza. Yohana arabagabisha kandi ko incabiti igenekerejwe ku bitsina vy’ibiti kandi ko igiti cose kitama ivyiza kizocibwa (v. 10) (soma Luka 3:7-9 ; Yohana 8:33). 

 

Kugira twagure, soma Ivyakozwe n’Intumwa 18:25 ; 19:1-7.

Yohana yabatiza mu mazi kugira abantu bihane kandi yavuga ko haje uwumurusha ubushobozi kandi ko atari abereye no kumutwaza inkweto ziwe.                                                                                                                

 

Kristo azobabatiza muri Mpwemu Yera no mu muriro (v. 11). Gutyo, Mpwemu Yera (No. 117) aba arazanywe aha.

 

Insiguro ya Jamieson, Fausset na Brown ivuga iti kuri uwu murongo wa 12.

" Urutaro rwa nde -  urutaro rwo kugosora.

Ruri mu biganza vyiwe – gwiteguye gukoreshwa. Aha ntakindi bisigura atari ikwiragizwa ry’Ubutumwa Bwiza, bwari bwamaze gutangura, aribwo bwotumye haba gutandukanya ivy’akamaro n’ibitari ivy’akamaro mu mpwemu, nk’uburo, n’umuguruka, ari rwo rwamfu. (gereranya n’ibisa n’ivyo dusanga muri Mal_3:1-3).

Kand’azokubura imbuga yiwe- igihe co kugenya – n’ukuvuga Ishengero riboneka.

Yimbure ingano ziwe – abera biwe b’ukuri, batoranijwe kubw’agaciro kabo (gereranya na Amosi_9:9 ; Luka_22:31).

mu kigega - "ubwami bwa Data", nk’uko iki "kigega" canke "igitiba" casiguwe neza n’Umwami wacu mu mugani w’urwamfu n’uburo (Mat_13:30, Mat_13:43).

Maz’umuguruka awuturire – abigisha b’ijambo ry’Imana ataco bafise, batagira agaciro, atacerekana na kimwe ko bakorera Imana (soma zaburi_1:4).

Mu muriro utazima – Kuba biri mu rudende bitera amadidane kuri izi nsiguro : - guturirwa, mugabo umuriro ntiwigere uzima ; hamwe bisigura gutokombera kigahera kuvyari bigize ubuzima bw’ico kintu vyose, ahandi naho mu ciyumviro womengo coguma kibaho muri ayo magorwa."

Soma kandi Luka 3:18-20 ; 12:49n ; Ivyakozwe n’Intumwa 2:17-21 ; 18:24-26 ; 19:1-7.

 

Imirongo ya 13 gushika 17 ku mubatizo wa Kristo.

Yohana yari yiyumvira ko Kristo ari we yomubatiza kuko we yabona ko umengo ntabibereye, ariko Kristo yagerageje kumwereka akamaro kavyo, yerekana agaciro k’umubatizo wo kwihana, mukuvuga ati : "Bikunde , kukw’ari vyo bidukwiriye, ngo dushitse ukugororoka kwose."

Igihe Yesu yari avuye mu mazi, yabonye Mpwemu w’Imana yururuka avuye mw’ijuru ari mu gisa n’inuma iraza imuhagararako.

Maze bumva ijwi rivuye mu kirere rivuga riti :

"Uyu, ni we Mwana wanje nkunda, akampimbara."  (v.17). (soma kandi Mariko 1:9-11 ; Luka 3:21-22 ; Yohana 1:31-34. Gutyo, igikorwa ca Kristo cari cemejwe n’ububasha.

 

Icigwa Ukwihana n’Ukubatizwa (No. 052) kiratwereka iciza co kwihana hama tukabatizwa n’akamaro ko kurambikwako ibiganza kugira umuntu ahabwe Mpwemu Yera atoshoboye guhabwa abantu imbere ya Pasika n’Ukuzuka kwa Kristo (Igihe c’Ukubambwa n’ic’Ukuzuka (No. 159), hama kandi ukwemerwa kwa Kristo ku Nganji y’Imana nk’ Ishikanwa ry’Ivyeze Rizunguzwa (No. 106B) n’uguhabwa ishengero kwiwe kuri Pantekoti mu mwaka wa 30 IC. Ivyo vyose vyategerezwa kubera ku gihe hisunzwe Ikirangamisi c’Imana (No. 156).

 

Ukubatizwa kwa Kristo abatizwa na Yohana vyabaye mu mwaka wa 15 ku ngoma y’Umwami Tiberiyo, canke umwaka wa 27 IC, ukaba wari umwaka wa Yubile, uwo Yesu yavuga ko ari umwaka wo Kwemererwamwo n’Uhoraho hakaba hari ku Musi mukuru w’Impongano. Ivugabutumwa ryiwe rikaba ryatanguye inyuma ya Pasika yo mu mwaka wa 28 IC, inyuma y’aho Yohana yari yaterewe mw’ibohero bikaba bihwanye n’Ikimenyetso ca Yona, etc. (No. 013). Twibuke ko umubatizo w’abakuze n’uguhabwa Mpwemu Yera vyari bikenewe cane kugira bagume mw’Isezerano ry’Imana (No. 152) no kuzigama/kugumya Mpwemu mu Bwami bw’Imana. Ni gutyo igikorwa c’Ishengero ry’Imana catanguye. Nk’uko tubibona aha hepfo mu Kigabane ca 4. 

 

 

Ikigabane ca 4

Buno Yesu aduganwa na Mpwemu mu bugaragwa ngw’ageragezwe n’Umurwanizi. Amaze imisi mirongwine n’amajoro mirongwine yisonzesheje, abona gusonza. Umugeragezi aza kuri we ati : Ni waba  ur’Umwana w’Imana, bwira aya mabuye acike imitsima. Aramwishura ati : Vyanditse ng’umuntu ntatungwa n’umutsima gusa, arikw’atungwa n’ijambo ryose riva mu kanwa k’Imana. Bun’Umurwanizi amujana mu gisagara cera, amuhagarika ku gatwe k’urusengero, aramubwira ati : Ni waba ur’Umwana w’Imana, ikororere hasi, kuko vyanditswe ngo : Azokuragiza abamarayika biwe, na bo bazokuramira mu maboko yabo, ngo kumbure ntutsitare kw’ibuye. Yesu aramubwira ati : Vyongeye haranditswe ngo : Ntukagerageze Uhoraho, Imana yawe. Umurwanizi yongera kumujana ku musozi uhagaze cane, amwereka ubwami bwose bwo kw’isi n’ubwiza bwabwo, ati : Ivyo vyose ndabiguha, ni wampfukamira, ukansenga. 10 Buno Yesu aramubwira ati : Mvako, Satani ! Kuko vyanditswe , ng’Uhoraho, Imana yawe, abe ari yo usenga, kand’abe ari yo usaba yonyene. 11 Maz’Umurwanizi aramureka, kand’abamarayika baraza, baramukorera. 12 Yumvise ko Yohana yashizwe mw’ibohero, aja i Galilaya. 13 Yimukira i Nazareti, aja kuba i Kaperinawumu hafi y’ikiyaga mu rugabano rwa Zebuloni na Nafutali, 14 ngw’ivyanditswe na Yesaya yavugishwa n’Imana bishike : 15 Ngw’Igihugu ca Zebuloni n’igihugu ca Nafutali, uhereye ku kiyaga, hakurya ya Yorodani, i Galilaya h’abanyamahanga, 16 Abantu bari bicaye mu mwiza, babonye umuco mwinshi, kand’abari bicaye mu gihugu c’urupfu no mu gitutu carwo, umuco urasiye kuri bo. 17 Guhera ubwo, Yesu atangura kwigisha ati : Mwihane, kuk’ubwami bwo mw’ijuru buri hafi. 18 Aciye i ruhande y’ikiyaga c’i Galilaya, abona abavukana babiri, Simoni yitwa Petero, na Andereya mwene nyina, bariko baraterera urusenga mu kiyaga, kuko bar’abarovyi. 19 Arababwira ati : Ni munkurikire, nzobagira abaroba abantu. 20 Baca bareka insenga, baramukurikira. 21 Yigiye imbere y’aho, abona abavukana kandi babiri, Yakobo mwene Zebedayo, na mwene nyina Yohana, barikumwe na se Zebedayo mu Bwato, bariko barasana insenga zabo, arabahamagara. 22 Baca bareka ubwato na se, baramukurikira. 23 Yesu agendagenda i Galilaya hose, yigisha mu masinagogi yabo, ababwira ubutumwa bwiza bw’ubwami, akiza indwara n’ubumuga vy’uburyo bwose mu bantu. 24 Inkuru yiwe ikwira i Siriya hose, bamuzanira abarwaye bose batewe n’indwara zitari zimwe n’ibibasheshereje, n’abinjiwemwo n’abadayimoni, n’abarwaye intandara, n’ibimuga arabakiza. 25 Kand’ishengero ryinshi riramukurikira bavuye i Galilaya n’i Dekapoli n’i Yerusalemu n’i Yudaya no hakurya ya Yorodani.

 

Intumbero y’Ikigabane ca 4

Imirongo kuva kuwa 1 gushika kuwa 11 ivuga ukugeragezwa kwa Kristo mu bugaragwa. Kwari no gucirwa urubanza kuri Satani umugwanizi canke umugeragezi (vv. 3, 10) (soma Mariko 1:12-13 ; Luka 4:1-13 ; Abaheburayo 2:18 ; 4,15). Ikibi n’ishaka ry’umuntu rikora rikatwankanisha n’Imana (soma Luka 13:11, 16n.).

Umurongo wa 2 : Igifungo c’imisi mirongwine (soma Kuvayo 34:28 ; 1Abami 19:8)

Umurongo wa 3 ; nimba uri Umwana w’Imana, soma ic’Imana yavuze mu kigabane ca 3:17.

Umurongo wa 4 -soma Gus. 8:3

Umurongo wa 5 – Igisagara cera, Yerusalemu

Umurongo wa 6 - Zaburi 91:11-12

Umurongo wa 7 - Gus. 6:16

Umurongo wa 10 - Gus. 6:13 ; 11:13.

Kuva ku murongo wa 12 gushika ku wa 17, Yohana umubatizi yarafashwe Yesu nawe aba aratanguye ivugabutumwa. Aca ava i Galilaya aja kuba i Kaperinawumu, mu karere ka Zebuloni na Nafutali, kugira ashitse ubuhanuzi bwo muri Yesaya 9:1-2 maze atangura kwigisha ahamagarira abantu kwihana (soma  Mariko 1:14-15 ; Luka 4:14-15).

Imirongo 15-16 - Yesaya 9:1-2.

Matayo avuga Ubwami bwo mw’ijuru aho yovuze Ubwami bw’Imana.

 

Kuva ku Ikimenyetso ca Yona n’Inkuru y’Iyubakwa ry’Ingoro (No. 013), turabona ukwo vyose vyagiye bikurikirana.

"Kristo yatanguye ivugabutumwa mu nyuma z’aho Yohana nawe yari yatanguye kwigisha. Yohana yatanguye kwigisha mu mwaka ugira 15 ku ngoma ya Tiberiyo Sezari. Dukoresheje umwaka usanzwe tugahera kuri Tishiri (sept/oct.) n’igenekerezo Tiberiyo yatanguriyeko gutwara inyuma y’urupfu rwa Ogusitino tutaravye aho Inama nshingamateka yatanguriye, tubona ko igenekerezo ryegereye cane ryoba ari kuwa 27 Gitugutu IC (soma Igihe c’Ukubambwa n’ic’Ukuzuka (No. 159)). Tuzi ko Yohana yabatiza kuva gusa igihe Yesu yaza ngo amubatize. Kimwe gusa, turashobora kuraba imisi yahaciye kuva abatijwe gushika kuri Pasika yo mu mwaka wa 28 igihe cacu, ushobora gusanga vyotwara imisi nka mirongwitanu. Twisunze Matayo 4:17, tubona ko Yesu atatanguye ivugabutumwa ryiwe imbere y’uko Yohana ashirwa mw’ibohero (Matayo 4:12). Twisunze Yohana 3:22, biraboneka ko inyuma ya Pasika yo mu mwaka wa 28 IC, Yesu n’abigishwa biwe babatirije mu Buyudeha (naho Yesu ubwiwe atigeze abatiza (Yohana 4:2)). Na Yohana ntiyari bwo atabwe mw’ibohero kandi yariko abatiriza ahitwa Ayinoni, hafi y’i Salimu (Yohana 3:23-24). Ni gutyo rero, Kristo yatanguye kwigisha inyuma ya Pasika yo mu mwaka wa 28 IC. Kristo rero akaba yakoze ivugabutumwa ridakwije imyaka ibiri. Mugihe naho twokwongerako ivugabutumwa rya Yohana Umubatizi, ukubatizwa kwiwe no gutora intumwa ziwe, ivugabutumwa ryiwe rica riba ryamaze imyaka ibiri n’inusu. Bihwanye n’ingingo y’uko umwaka umwe ungana n’umusi umwe mu buhanuzi bwa Yona."

Matayo yarigishije ukuri ku ngingo y’Ivyagezwe vy’Imana (soma Luka 10:18 ; 11:20 ; 17:21) n’ikorwa n’ishirwamungiro ryavyo muri kazoza (Mat. 6:10 ; Mariko 1:15n).

Imirongo 18-22 - soma Mariko 1:16-20 ; Luka 5:1-11 ; Yohana 1:35-42.

Umurongo 24.  – Abarimwo dayimoni bagereranywa n’abantu bakoreshwa n’abadayimoni canke impwemu mbi (soma Mat. 8:16,28 ; 9:32 ; 15:22 ; Mariko 5:15 soma Luka 13, 16, n). Abadayimoni - soma Luka 4:33 n

Umurongo 25 _Dekapoli soma Mariko 5:20 n.

 

Inyandiko za Bullinger kuri Matayo ibigabane vya 1-4 (kuri Bibiliya yitwa KJV) [bibonekena mu congereza gusa]

 

Chapter 1

Verse 1

TITLE. The. The titles of the N.T. books in the Authorized Version and Revised Version form no part of the books themselves in the original text.

Gospel. Anglo-Saxon God spell = a narrative of God: i.e. a life of Christ. The English word "Gospel" has no connection with the Greek euaggelion, which denotes good news, and was in use as = joyful tidings, &c, B.C. 9, in an inscription in the market-place of Priene (now Samsun Kale, an ancient city of Ionia, near Mycale), and in a letter (papyrus)250 years later; both are now in the Royal Library in Berlin.

according to = i.e. recorded by. Greek. kata. App-104. The title "Saint", as given in the Authorized Version and Revised Version, is a mistranslation of the headings found only in the later MSS., which are derived from Church lectionaries; and should have been rendered "THE HOLY GOSPEL ACCORDING TO MATTHEW". The Revised Version reads "The Gospel according to Matthew"; L Tr. T and WH read "according to Matthew"; B omits the word hagion = holy.

Matthew. See App-141. Genesis book comments. Occurs only in connection with the first man and the second man (Genesis 5:1 and Matthew 1:1).

generation = genealogy or pedigree. See App-99. The same meaning as the Hebrew expression (Genesis 5:1).

Jesus Christ: i.e. the humbled One now exalted. See App-98.

the Son of David. Because promised directly to David (2 Samuel 7:122 Samuel 7:16). The expression occurs nine times of Christ in Matt. (Matthew 1:1Matthew 9:27Matthew 12:23Matthew 15:22Matthew 20:30Matthew 20:31Matthew 21:9Matthew 21:15Matthew 22:42). Compare Psalms 132:11Isaiah 11:1Jeremiah 23:5Acts 13:23Romans 1:3. David, heir to the throne. App-98. The name of David is in the commencement of the NT. and in the end also (Revelation 22:16).

the Son of Abraham. Because promised to him (Luke 1:73), and received with joy by him as by David (John 8:56John 22:43). Compare Genesis 12:3Genesis 22:18Galatians 1:3Galatians 1:16. Heir to the land (Genesis 15:18). App-98.

 

Verse 2

Abraham.Genesis 21:2Genesis 21:3Romans 9:7Romans 9:9.

begat. Greek. gennao. When used of the father = to beget or engender; and when used of the mother it means to bring forth into the world; but it has not the intermediate sense, to conceive. In verses: it is translated begat, and should be so in verses: Matthew 1:16 and Matthew 1:20 also. In Matthew 1:1 the noun genesis means birth.

Jacob., Genesis 25:26.

Judas = Judah. Genesis 29:35Genesis 49:10.

and his brethren. Because the promise was restricted to the house of Judah; not extended to the whole house of Abraham or of Isaac.

 

Verse 3

Phares and Zara. Hebrew Pharez and Zarah. Twins. Genesis 38:29Genesis 38:30.

Thamar,  The first of four women in this genealogy. The other three were Rahab, Matthew 1:5; Ruth, Matthew 1:5; Bathsheba, Matthew 1:6. Note the Introversion: Hebrew, Gentile; Gentile, Hebrew: showing the condescension of Christ in taking our nature.

Esrom. Hebrew Hezron. 1 Chronicles 2:41 Chronicles 2:6.

Aramaean Hebrew Ram. Ruth 4:191 Chronicles 2:11.

 

Verse 4

Aminadab = Amminadab. Ruth 4:191 Chronicles 2:10.

Naasson. Hebrew Nahshon. Ruth 4:20Exodus 6:23.

Salmon. Hebrew Salma.

 

Verse 5

Booz. Hebrew Boaz. Ruth 4:211 Chronicles 2:12.

Rachab. Eng. Rahab. Joshua 2:1Joshua 6:25. See note on Thamar, Matthew 1:3.

Obed of Ruth., Ruth 4:211 Chronicles 2:12.

Jesse., Ruth 4:221 Chronicles 2:12.

 

Verse 6

David the king., Ruth 4:22. This addition to the name of David is because of the object of Matthew"s Gospel. See the Structure on p. 1305. Luke 1:32.

the king. Omitted by all the critical Greek texts enumerated and named in App-94.

Solomon., 2 Samuel 12:24. The line in Matthew is the regal line through Solomon, exhausted in Joseph. The line in Luke is the legal line through Nathan, an elder brother (2 Samuel 5:14), exhausted in Mary. If Christ be not risen, therefore, all prophecies must fail.

her, &c. See note on Thamar, Matthew 1:3.

Urias = Uriah (2 Samuel 12:24).

 

Verse 7

Roboam = Rehoboam (1 Kings 11:43). Note that in this case and in the three following: Rehoboam (a bad father) begat a bad son (Abijah); Abijah (a bad father) begat a good son (Asa); Asa (a good father) begat a good son (Jehoshaphat); Jehoshaphat (a good father) begat a bad son (Jehoram).

Abia = Abijam (1 Kings 14:31); Abijah (2 Chronicles 12:16). See note on Matthew 1:7.

Asa., 1 Kings 15:8.

 

Verse 8

Josaphat = Jehoshaphat (2Ch 17-18).

Joram = Jehoram (2 Kings 8:162 Chronicles 21:1). Three names are omitted here. All are not necessary in a royal genealogy. In Matthew 1:1 three names are sufficient.

The four names are:

1. Ahaziah (2 Kings 8:272 Chronicles 22:1-9).

2. Joash or Jehoash (; 2 Kings 12:1-202 Chronicles 24:1-25).

3. Amaziah (. 2 Chronicles 25:12 Chronicles 25:8).

4. Jehoiakim (; 2 Kings 24:1-62 Chronicles 36:5-8).

Ozias = Uzziah (2 Chronicles 26:1), or Azariah (2 Kings 14:21).

 

Verse 9

Joatham = Jotham (2 Kings 15:72 Chronicles 26:23).

Achaz = Ahaz (2 Kings 15:382 Chronicles 27:9).

Ezekias = Hezekiah (2 Kings 16:202 Chronicles 28:27).

 

Verse 10

Manasses = Manasseh. (2 Kings 20:212 Chronicles 32:33.)

Amon. (2 Kings 21:182 Chronicles 33:20.)

Josias = Josiah (2 Kings 21:242 Chronicles 33:20).

 

Verse 11

Jechonias = Jehoiachin (2 Kings 24:8).

they were carried away = removed. Greek. metoikesia = the Babylonian transference. A standing term. Occurs only in Matthew. It began with Jehoiakim, was continued in Jechoniah, and completed in Zedekiah (2 Kings 24 and 25. 2 Chronicles 36).

 

Verse 12

they were brought = the carrying away, as in Matthew 1:11.

Jechonias, Jeremiah 22:30, does not say "no sons"; but, "no sons to sit on the throne of David".

Salathiel = Shealtiel, the real son of Assir; and hence was the grandson of Jeconiah (), born "after" (see Matthew 1:12).

Zorobabel. The real son of Pedaiah (1 Chronicles 3:19), but the legal son of Salathiel (compare Deuteronomy 25:5). See Ezra 3:2Ezra 5:2Nehemiah 12:1.

 

Verse 16

of whom. Greek. ex hes, feminine. [Mary].

born = brought forth. Greek. gennao. Spoken, here, of the mother. See note on "begat" (Matthew 1:2).

Jesus. See App-98.

Christ = Anointed. Hebrew Messiah. See App-98.

 

Verse 17

So. Verse 17 is the Figure of speech Symperasma. App-6.

all the generations. See the Structure, above. The first begins with the call of Abraham, and ends with the call of David the layman (1 Samuel 16:13). The second begins with the building of the Temple, and ends with the destruction of it. The third begins with the nation under the power of Babylon, and ends with it under the power of Rome (the first and fourth of the world-powers of Dan 2).

the: i.e. the generations given above, not all recorded in the O.T. fourteen. It is not stated that there were forty-two, but three fourteens are reckoned in a special manner, as shown in the Structure above. Note the three divisions of the whole period, as in the seventy weeks of Daniel (Dan 9. App-91).

 

Verse 18

Now: or, But, in contrast with those mentioned in verses: . Render: "The begetting, then, of Jesus Christ was on this wise (for after His mother was espoused to Joseph, she was found with child) of pneuma hagion". See App-101.

birth = begetting. Greek. gennesis. Occurs only here and Luke 1:14, used of the Father.

Jesus (Omit. by Tr. [WH] Rm.)

Christ. Hebrew Messiah. So translated in John 1:41John 4:25.

on this wise: i.e. not begotten, as in the cases recorded in verses: .

was espoused = bad been betrothed. By divine ordering, so that the two lines, through Solomon and Nathan, might be united and exhausted in Messiah. before. Greek. prin. Occurs seven times (Matthew 26:34Matthew 26:75Mark 14:72Luke 22:61John 4:49John 8:58John 14:9); prin e, Occurs seven times (Matthew 1:18Mark 14:30Luke 2:26Luke 22:34Acts 2:20Acts 7:2Acts 25:16). In eleven of the fourteen passages where this word occurs the events did take place. In the other three, one was miraculously prevented (John 4:49); the day of the Lord is absolutely certain (Acts 2:20); the other was legally imperative (Acts 25:16).

came together: as in 1 Corinthians 7:5.

the Holy Ghost. Greek. pneuma hagion = holy spirit: i.e. power from on high. Not "the Holy Spirit". See App-101.

 

Verse 19

being a just man = though he was a just man (i.e. desirous of obeying the Law).

and = yet.

not. Greek. me. App-105.

not willing = not wishing. Greek. thelo. See App-102.

to make her a publick example = to expose her to shame. L TTr. A WH read deigmatizo instead of para-deigmatizo. Occurs only here and in Colossians 2:15. This exposure would have necessitated her being stoned to death, according to the Law (Deuteronomy 22:22). Compare John 8:5.

was minded = made up his mind, or determined. Greek. boulomia. See App-102.

put her away = divorce her according to the Law (Deuteronomy 24:1).

privily = secretly. By putting a "bill of divorcement into her hand" (Deuteronomy 24:1).

 

Verse 20

he thought: i.e. pondered about or contemplated this step. This was Satan"s assault, as he had assaulted Abraham before (). See App-23.

these things. The two courses open to him in Matthew 1:19.

the angel of the LORD. The first of three appearances to Joseph in these chapters, p. 1308 (Matthew 1:20Matthew 1:24Matthew 2:13Matthew 2:19).

angel = messenger. The context must always show whether human or Divine.

the LORD = Jehovah. No Art. See App-98.

appeared. Greek. phaino. See App-105.

a dream. Greek. onar. Occurs only in Matt, (here; Matthew 2:12Matthew 2:13Matthew 2:19Matthew 2:22; and Matthew 27:19). Only six dreams mentioned in N.T. To Joseph (Matthew 1:20Matthew 2:13Matthew 2:19Matthew 2:22); to the wise men (Matthew 2:12); and to Pilate"s wife (Matthew 27:19).

fear not = Be not afraid. This shows bis condition of mind.

conceived = begotten. Greek. gennao, as in verses: Matthew 1:2Matthew 1:16Matthew 1:18.

 

Verse 21

bring forth. Not the same word as in verses: Matthew 1:1Matthew 1:2Matthew 1:16Matthew 1:20. Greek. tiklo. Not "of thee" as in Luke 1:35, because not Joseph"s son.

His name. Figure of speech Pleonasm. App-6= Him.

JESUS. For this type see App-48. The same as the Hebrew Hoshea (Numbers 13:16) with Jah prefixed = God [our] Saviour, or God Who [is] salvation. Compare Luke 2:21. See App-98.

he = He, and none other, or He is the One Who (emph.)

sins. Greek. hamartia. See App-128.

 

Verse 22

all = the whole of.

fulfilled. See App-103for the first fulfillment of prophecy in the N.T.

spoken. Greek. to rhethen. By Isaiah to Ahaz (;), but afterwards written. of = by. Greek. hupo.

by = through, or by means of. Greek. dia. App-104. Matthew 1:1.

 

Verse 23

a virgin. Quoted from . See the notes there. Greek. parthenos, which settles the meaning of the word in Isaiah 7:14. See

Emmanuel. Occurs only in Matt. See App-98.

 

Verse 25

knew her. Heb, idiom, and Figure of speech Metonymy (of Adjunct) for cohabitation. Note the imperfect tense = was not knowing. See App-132.

till., ; Matthew 13:55Matthew 13:56, clearly show that she had sons afterwards. See the force of this word heos in Matthew 28:20, "unto".

her firstborn Son. These words are quoted by Tatian (A.D. 172) and twelve of the Fathers before cent. 4; and are contained in nearly all MSS. except the Vatican and Sinaitic (cent. 4). All the Texts omit "her firstborn" on this weak and suspicious evidence. But there is no question about it in Luke 2:7.

he: i.e. Joseph

 

Chapter 2

Verse 1

Jesus. See App-98.

in. Greek. en. App-104.

Bethlehem = house of bread. Five miles south of Jerusalem. One of the fenced cities of Rehoboam, originally called Ephrath (Genesis 35:16Genesis 35:19).

Herod the king. To distinguish him from other Herods. See App-109.

wise men. Greek. magoi. It nowhere says they were Gentiles, or that there were only three, or whether they were priests or kings. The "adoration of the Magi" must have taken place at Nazareth, for the Lord was presented in the Temple forty-one days after His birth (8+ 33 days. Leviticus 12:3Leviticus 12:4. Compare Luke 2:21-24), and thence returned to Nazareth (Luke 2:39). App-169. There, in "the house" (Matthew 2:11), not "in a stable" at Bethlehem, they found the Lord. They did not return to Jerusalem from Nazareth (Matthew 2:12); but, being well on their way home, easily escaped from Herod. Herod, having enquired accurately as to the time, fixed on "two years" (Matthew 2:16), which would have thus been about the age of the Lord. After the flight to Egypt, He returned once more to Nazareth (Matthew 2:23. This chapter (Matthew 2) comes between Luke 2:39 and Luke 2:40.

east. North and south are always in Greek only in singular. East and west are relative to the north and therefore occur in the plural also to Jerusalem. The most likely place.

 

Verse 2

Where . . . ? This is the first question in the N.T. See note on the first question in the O.T. (Genesis 3:9).

is born = has been brought forth: see note on Matthew 1:2.

we have seen = we saw: i.e. we being in the east saw.

His star. All questions are settled if we regard this as miraculous. Compare .

are come = we came.

worship = do homage. Greek. proskuneo. See App-137.

 

Verse 3

When = But.

had heard = on hearing.

was troubled. The enemy used this for another attempt to prevent the fulfillment of Genesis 3:15. See App-23.

all Jerusalem. Figure of speech Synecdoche (of the Whole), App-6. = most of the people at Jerusalem at that time.

 

Verse 4

chief priests, &c.: i.e. the high priest and other priests who were members of the Sanhedrin, or National Council.

scribes of the People = the Sopherim, denoting the learned men of the People; learned in the Scriptures, and elders of the Sanhedrin. This incident shows that intellectual knowledge of the Scriptures without experimental delight in them is useless. Here it was used by Herod to compass Christ"s death (compare Luke 22:66). The scribes had no desire toward the person of the "Governor", whereas the wise men were truly wise, in that they sought the person of Him of Whom the Scriptures spoke and were soon found at His feet. Head-knowledge without heart-love may be used against Christ.

demanded = kept enquiring.

where, &c. This was the first of the two important questions: the other being "what time", &c, Matthew 2:7.

Christ = the Messiah. See App-98.

 

Verse 5

written = standeth written. Not spoken, as in Matthew 2:23. Quoted from Micah 6:2. See App-107.

by = by means of. Greek. dia. App-104. Matthew 2:1.

 

Verse 6

Juda = Judah.

art not the least. Figure of speech Tapeinosis, in order to magnify the place.

not = by no means. Greek. oudamos. Occurs only here.

among. See App-104.

princes. Put by the Figure of speech Metonymy (of Subject), App-6, for the "thousands" (or divisions) which they led.

out. Greek. ek. App-104. See note on Micah 5:2.

come = come forth, not "come unto", as in Zechariah 9:9.

rule = shepherd. Rulers were so called because this was their office.

 

Verse 7

privily = secretly. enquired . . . diligently = enquired . . . accurately Compare Deuteronomy 19:18. Greek. akriboo. Occurs only here and in Matthew 2:16.

what time, &c. This was the second of the two important questions: the other being "where" (Matthew 2:4).

the star appeared = the time of the appearing star.

appeared = shone forth. See App-106.

 

Verse 8

for = concerning.

young Child. Greek. paidion. App-108.

that I may come = that I also may come. Not "Him also" as well as others, but "I also" as well as you.

 

Verse 9

had heard = having heard.

departed: to Nazareth (not to Bethlehem). App-169.

they saw. When in the east. See Matthew 2:2.

went before = kept going before (Imperfect). Therefore not an astronomical phenomenon, but a miraculous and Divine act.

till. Implying both distance and time.

came = went: i.e. to Nazareth. See Matthew 2:1.

 

Verse 10

saw the star. Supply the Ellipsis from Matthew 2:9 (App-6) = "having seen the star [standing over where the young child was], they rejoiced", &c.

rejoiced with . . . joy. Figure of speech Polyptoton (App-6), for emphasis.

 

Verse 11

into. Greek. eis. App-104.

into the house. Not therefore at Bethlehem, for that would have been into the stable. See note Matthew 2:1. There is no "discrepancy" here.

Child. Greek. paidion. See App-108.

Mary. See App-100.

Him. Not Mary. treasures = receptacles or treasure cases. gold, &c. From three gifts being mentioned tradition concluded that there were three men. But it does not say so, nor that they were kings. These presents supplied their immediate needs.

 

Verse 12

warned of God = oracularly answered, implying a preceding question. Compare Matthew 2:22.

in. Greek. kata. App-104.

a dream. Greek. onar. See note on Matthew 1:20.

not. Greek. me. App-105.

to = unto. Greek. pros. App-104.

departed = returned.

another = by another, as in Matthew 2:5.

 

Verse 13

were departed = had withdrawn or retired.

the angel. See note on Matthew 1:20.

the LORD. Here denotes Jehovah. See App-98. Divine interposition was needed to defeat the designs of the enemy; and guidance was given only as and when needed. Compare: Matthew 2:20Matthew 2:22. See App-23.

take = take with [thee].

will seek = is on the point of seeking.

 

Verse 14

took = took with [him].

 

Verse 15

death = end. Greek. teleute. Occurs only here.

that = in order that.

spoken. As well as written. Compare Matthew 2:5 and Matthew 2:23.

of = by. Greek. hupo. See App-104.

Out of Egypt, &c. Quoted from Hosea 11:1. See App-107.

have I called = did I call.

 

Verse 16

saw. App-133.

mocked = deceived.

wroth. Greek. thumoomai. Occurs only here.

all. The number could not have been great.

children = boys. Plural of pais. App-108.

coasts = borders.

two years. Greek. dietes. Occurs only in Matthew. It was now nearly two years since the birth at Bethlehem. Herod had inquired very accurately, Matthew 2:7. See notes on Matthew 2:1 and Matthew 2:11. The wise men found a pais, not a brephos (see App-108. ), as the shepherds did (Luke 2:16).

of = from. Greek. p"ara. App-104.

 

Verse 17

spoken. As well as written.

by = by means of. Greek. hupo (App-104.), but all the critical texts read dia.

Jeremy = Jeremiah. Quoted from Jeremiah 31:15. See App-107.

 

Verse 18

Rama = Ramah in O.T.

lamentation. Greek. threnos. Occurs only here.

children. Greek plural of teknon. App-108.

 

Verse 20

they. Note the Figure of speech Heterosis (of Number), App-6, by which the plural is put for the singular.: i.e. Herod.

life = the soul. Greek. e psuche.

 

Verse 22

Archelaus. See App-109.

in = over. Greek. epi. See App-104. L T [Tr. ] [A] WH omit epi.

in the room of = instead of. Greek. anti. App-104.

turned aside = departed, as in verses: Matthew 2:12Matthew 2:13.

Galilee. The region north of Samaria, including the Plain of Esdraelon and mountains north of it. App-169.

 

Verse 23

dwelt = settled.

in. Greek. eis.

Nazareth. His former residence. App-169. TheAramaic name. See App-94. See note on verses: Matthew 2:1Matthew 2:11, in, and Luke 2:39.

that = so that.

spoken. It does not say "written". It is not "an unsolved difficulty", as alleged. The prophecy had been uttered by more than one prophet; therefore the reference to the Hebrew nezer ( = a branch) is useless, as it is used of Christ only by Isaiah (Isaiah 11:1Isaiah 60:21), and it was "spoken" by "the prophets" (plural) Note the Figure of speech Hysteresis. App-6.

 

Chapter 3

Verse 1

In = And in. Greek. en de. See App-104.

In those days. Hebrew idiom for an indefinite time (Exodus 2:11Exodus 2:23Isaiah 38:1, &c): while the Lord, being grown up, was still dwelling in Nazareth. App-169. Compare Matthew 2:23.

came. Greek comes: i.e. presenteth himself.

came John, &c. Because "the word of God" had come to him (Luke 3:2).

John the Baptist = John the baptizer.

preaching = proclaiming as a herald. App-121.

in. Greek. en. App-104.

wilderness = country parts, which were not without towns or villages. David passed much of his time there. So John, probably in some occupation also; John now thirty years old. He was the last and greatest of the prophets, and would have been reckoned as Elijah himself, or as an Elijah (Matthew 11:14. Compare Malachi 3:1Malachi 4:5) had the nation obeyed his proclamation.

 

Verse 2

Repent. Greek. metanoeo. See App-111.

the kingdom of heaven. See App-114.

of. Genitive of origin = from. App-17.

heaven = the heavens (plural) See note on Matthew 6:9Matthew 6:10.

is at hand = had drawn nigh. What draws nigh may withdraw. See Matthew 21:43Acts 1:6Acts 3:20.

 

Verse 3

spoken. As well as written.

by. Greek. hupo. App-104., but all the Greek texts read "dia".

Esaias = Isaiah. The first of twenty-one occurrences of the name in N.T. See App-79.

The voice, &c. Quoted from Isaiah 40:3. See note there. App-107.

the LORD = Jehovah in Isaiah 40:3. See App-98.

 

Verse 4

had his raiment, &c. Compare 2 Kings 1:8.

leathern girdle. Worn to-day by peasants in Palestine.

meat = food.

locusts. Locusts form the food of the people today; and, being provided for in the Law, are

 

Verse 5

to = unto. Greek. pros. App-104.

Jerusalem . . . Judeea. Put by Figure of speech Metonymy (of Subject), App-6, for their inhabitants.

all. Put by Figure of speech Synecdoche (of Genus), for the greater part.

all the region. Put by Figure of speech Synecdoche (of the Whole), for the greater part of the country.

 

Verse 6

were baptized = were being baptized.

baptized of. See App-115.

of = by. Greek. hupo. App-104.

 

Verse 7

Pharisees and Sadducees. See App-120.

saw. App-133.

come = coming.

baptism. See App-115.

generation = brood or offspring.

vipers = serpents. Not ordinary snakes, but venomous vipers.

who . . . ? Figure of speech Erotesis (App-6), for emphasis.

warned, &c. = forewarned; or who hath suggested or given you the hint?

from = away from. Greek. apo. App-104.

the Wrath to come. The reference is to Ma Matthew 1:4Matthew 1:1. The coming of Messiah was always connected with judgment; which would have come to pass had the nation repented at the preaching of "them that heard Him" (Hebrews 2:3. Compare Matthew 22:4). The "times of refreshing", and "the restoration of all things" of Acts 3:19-26, would have followed. Hence 1 Thessalonians 1:101 Thessalonians 2:161 Thessalonians 5:9. See notes there; and compare Matthew 10:23Matthew 16:28Matthew 24:34Luke 21:22Luke 21:23Acts 28:25Acts 28:28.

to come = about to come.

 

Verse 8

meet for = worthy of.

 

Verse 9

think = think not for a moment (Aorist). This is an idiom to be frequently met with in the Jerusalem Talmud = be not of that opinion.

not. Greek. me. App-105.

within = among. Greek. en. App-104.

We have, &c. Compare John 8:39Romans 4:1-6Romans 9:7Galatians 1:3Galatians 1:9.

God. App-98.

of = out of. Greek. ek. App-104.

children. Greek plural of teknon. App-108.

 

Verse 10

now = already.

also. Omitted by all the texts (App-94.)

is laid = is lying at. The Jerusalem Talmud (Beracoth, fo Matthew 1:5Matthew 1:1) refers Isaiah 10:33Isaiah 10:34 to the destruction of Jerusalem; and argues from Isaiah 11:1 that Messiah would be born shortly before it

unto = at. Greek. pros. App-104.

is hewn down = getteth hewn down.

 

Verse 11

with. Greek. en. The literal rendering of the Hebrew (Beth = B). Matthew 7:6Matthew 9:34Romans 15:61 Corinthians 4:21, &c.

shoes = sandals.

worthy = fit or equal. Not the same word as "meet for" in Matthew 3:8.

bear = bring or fetch. Mark: "stoop down and unloose". Luke: "unloose". Probably repeated often in different forms.

He shall baptize. "He" is emph. = He Himself will, and no other. See App-115. See Acts 1:4Acts 1:5Acts 2:3Acts 11:15Isaiah 44:3. Compare Ezekiel 36:26Ezekiel 36:27Joel 2:28.

baptize . . . with. See App-115.

the Holy Ghost = pneuma hagion, holy spirit, or "power from on high". No Articles. See App-101.

fire. See Acts 2:3. Note the Figure of speech Hendiadys (App-6) = with pneuma hagion = yea, with a burning (or purifying) spirit too, separating the chaff from the wheat (Matthew 3:12), not mingling them together in water. "Fire" in Matthew 3:11Matthew 3:35 symbolic (see Isaiah 4:3. Ma Matthew 1:3Matthew 1:1-4Matthew 4:1. Compare Psalms 1:4Psalms 35:5Isaiah 17:13Isaiah 30:24Isaiah 41:16Jeremiah 51:2Hosea 13:3). In Matthew 3:12, the "fire" is literal; for destroying, not for purging. Note the seven emblems of the Spirit (or of pneuma hagion) in Scripture. "FIRE" (Matthew 3:11Acts 2:3); "WATER" (Ezekiel 36:25John 3:5John 7:38John 7:39); "WIND" (Ezekiel 37:1-10); "OIL" (Isaiah 61:1Hebrews 1:9); a "SEAL" (Ephesians 1:13Ephesians 4:30); an "EARNEST" (Ephesians 1:14); a "DOVE" (Matthew 3:16).

 

Verse 12

fan = winnowing shovel. God fans to get rid of the chaff; Satan sifts to get rid of the wheat (Luke 22:31).

thoroughly = thoroughly.

floor = threshing-floor.

gather = gather together.

burn up. Greek. katakaio = burn down, or quite up.

 

Verse 13

Jesus. See App-98.

from = away from. Greek. apo.

Jordan = the Jordan.

 

Verse 14

forbad = was hindering. Greek. diakoluo. Occurs only here.

 

Verse 15

it to be so: or, supply the Ellipsis by "[Me]". The Lord was now, and here, recognized by John ().

thus. In fulfilling this duty.

it becometh us. This duty was incumbent on John as the minister of that Dispensation; likewise on the Lord: hence the word "thus". The reason is given in John 1:31.

all righteousness: or every claim of righteous duty. This was the anointing of Messiah (see note on Matthew 3:17), and anointing was accompanied by washing or immersion (Exodus 29:4-7Exodus 40:12Leviticus 8:6).

 

Verse 16

out of = away from. Greek. apo. App-104.

from. Greek. apo.

lo. Figure of speech Asterismos (App-6), for emphasis.

He saw: i.e. the Lord saw.

the Spirit of God. Note the Articles, and see App-101.

God. See App-98.

like = as if. Greek. hosei = sis it were (not homoios = resembling in form or appearance): referring to the descent, not to bodily form as in Mark 1:10. In Luke 3:22 hosei may still be connected with the manner of descent, the bodily form referring to the Spirit.

dove. See note on "fire", Matthew 3:11.

lighting = coming.

upon. Greek. epi. App-104.

 

Verse 17

a voice. There were two voices: the first "Thou art", &c. (Mark 1:11Luke 3:22), while the Spirit in bodily form was descending; the second (introduced by the word "lo"), "this is", &c, after it remained ("abode", John 1:32). This latter speaking is mentioned by John for the same reason as that given in John 12:30. Only one voice at the Transfiguration.

from = out of. Greek. ek. App-104.

My beloved Son. Not Joseph"s or Mary"s son = My Son, the beloved [Son]. See App-99.

in. See note on "with", Matthew 3:11.

I am, well pleased = I have found delight. Hebrew idiom, as in 2 Samuel 22:20Psalms 51:16. Compare Isaiah 42:1Isaiah 12:18. "This is My beloved Son" was the Divine formula of anointing Messiah for the office of Prophet (Matthew 3:17); also for that of Priest (Matthew 17:5. See App-149); and "Thou art My Son" for that of King (Psalms 2:7Acts 13:33Hebrews 1:5Hebrews 5:5).

 

Chapter 4

Verse 1

Then. Immediately after His anointing as Messiah, "the second man" (1 Corinthians 15:47), "the last Adam" (1 Corinthians 15:45), must be tried like "the first man Adam" (1 Corinthians 15:451 Corinthians 15:47), and in the same three ways (1 John 2:16. Compare with Genesis 3:6).

Jesus. See App-98.

of = by. Greek. hupo. App-104.

the Spirit. App-101.

into. Greek. eis. App-104.

wilderness. The first man was in the garden; Messiah"s trial was in the wilderness, and His agony in a garden. Contrast Israel: fed with manna and disobedient, Christ hungered and obedient.

tempted = tried, or put to the test. Greek. peirazo; from peiro, to pierce through, so as to test.

 

Verse 2

forty. The number of probation (App-10).

nights. Joined thus with "days", are complete periods of twenty-four hours. See App-144.

 

Verse 3

when. . . came, &c.= having approached Him and said.

the tempter= he who was tempting Him. See App-116.

came to Him : as to our first parents, Adam and Eve, App-119.

he said. See App-116 for the two sets of three temptations, under different circumstances, with different words and expressions; and, in a different order in Matthew 4 from that in Luke 4. It is nowhere said that there were "three" or only three; as it is nowhere said that there were "three" wise men in Matthew 2.

If. Greek ei, with the indicative mood, assuming and taking it for granted as an actual fact.

" If Thou art ? " App-118. Same as in Matthew 4:6, but not the same as in Matthew 4:9.

the Son of God. Compare this with Matthew 3:17, on which the question is based. See App-98.

command that = speak, in order that.

these stones: in this the fourth temptation; but in the first temptation = "this stone" (Luke 4:3).

be made = become.

bread = loaves.

 

Verse 4

It is written = It standeth written. This is the Lord"s first ministerial utterance; three times. Compare the last three (John 17:8John 17:14John 17:17). The appeal is not to the spoken voice (Matthew 3:17) but to the written Word. Quoted from Deuteronomy 8:3. See App-107 and App-117.

Man. Greek. anthropos. App-123.

by = upon. Greek. epi. App-104.

alone = only.

word = utterance. out of = by means of, or through. Greek. dia. App-104. Matthew 4:1. Note the connection of the "hunger" and the "forty" days here, and the same in Deuteronomy 8:3.

God. See App-98.

 

Verse 5

Then. The fifth temptation. See App-116.

taketh. Greek. paralambano. Compare ago, of Luke 4:9. See the usage of paralambano, Matthew 17:1, implying authority and constraint This is the third temptation in Luke (Luke 4:9), and the difference of the order is explained in App-116. Both Gospels are correct and true.

the holy city. So called in Matthew 27:53Revelation 11:2Nehemiah 11:1Isaiah 48:2Isaiah 52:1Daniel 9:44. The Arabs still call it El Kuds = the holy place. It was so called on account of the Sanctuary.

holy. See note on Exodus 3:5.

a pinnacle = the wing. Greek. to pterugion, used of that part of the Temple (or Holy Place) where "the abomination of desolation" is to stand, according to Theodotion (a fourth reviser of the Sept about the middle of cent. 2). See note on Daniel 9:27; and compare Luke 4:9 and Matthew 24:15.

temple = the temple buildings; not naoa, the house itself or Sanctuary. See note on Matthew 23:16.

 

Verse 6

cast Thyself down. An attempt upon His life. See App-23, and note on Matthew 23:16.

it is written. Satan can quote Scripture and garble it by omitting the essential words "to keep Thee in all Thy ways", and by adding "at any time". Quoted from Psalms 91:11Psalms 91:12 (not Matthew 4:13; see note there).

in = upon. Greek. epi, as "on" in Matthew 4:5.

against. Greek. pros. App-104.

 

Verse 7

Thou, &c. Quoted from Deuteronomy 6:16 (App-107. c).

not. Greek. ou. See App-105.

tempt. Note the words which follow: "as ye tempted Him in Massah". A reference to Exodus 17:7 shows that there it was to doubt Jehovah"s presence and care. It was the same here.

the LORD = Jehovah.

 

Verse 8

Again, &c This should be "The devil taketh Him again", implying that he had taken Him there before, as "It is written again" in Matthew 4:7. See App-117. This is the second temptation in Luke (Luke 4:5).

taketh. As in Matthew 4:5; not anago, "leadeth up", as in Luke 4:5.

exceeding. Not so in Luke 4:5; because there it is only oikoumene, the inhabited world, or Roman empire (App-129.); here it is kosmos (App-129.)

kingdoms. See App-112.

world. Greek. kosmos, the whole world as created. See App-129.

 

Verse 9

All these. Compare Luke 4:6 and see App-116.

if. See App-118. Not the same as in Matthew 4:3 and Matthew 4:6.

wilt fall down. Not in Luke.

worship = do homage. App-137.

 

Verse 10

Get thee hence = Go! This is the end, and the Lord ends it. In Luke 4:13, after the third temptation, Satan "departed" of his own accord and only "for a season". Here, after the last, Satan is summarily dismissed, not to return. See App-116.

Satan = the Adversary. Septuagint for Hebrew. Satan.

Thou shalt, &c. Quoted from Deuteronomy 11:3Deuteronomy 11:4. See App-107, and App-117.

only = alone, as in Matthew 4:4. Quoted from Deuteronomy 6:13; where the possession of the earth (Matthew 4:10) depends on loyalty to God (Matthew 4:12), Who gives it (Matthew 4:10); and on obedience to Him (verses: Matthew 4:17Matthew 4:18).

 

Verse 11

behold. Figure of speech Asterismos (App-6), for emphasis.

angels came, &c. Thus closing the whole of the Temptations. No such ministration at the end of the third temptation in Luke 4:13.

 

Verse 12

cast into prison = delivered up. There is no Greek for "into" or "prison". No disciples had yet been called (verses: ); therefore John could not yet have been in prison; for, after the calling of disciples (John 2:2John 2:11) John was "not yet cast into prison"(John 3:24, eis ten phulaken). There is no "inaccuracy"or "confusion". Paradidomi is rendered "cast (or put) in prison" only here and Mark 1:14, out of 122 occurrences. It means "to deliver up", and is so rendered ten times, and "deliver" fifty-three times. Compare Matthew 5:25Matthew 10:17Matthew 10:19Matthew 10:21Matthew 24:9, &c. The "not yet" of John 3:24 (Greek. oupo. App-105.) implies that previous attempts and perhaps official inquiries had been made, following probably on the unofficial inquiry of John 1:19-27. John"s being "delivered up" may have led to this departure of Jesus from Judea. Christ"s ministry is commenced at Matthew 4:12Mark 1:14Luke 4:14 and John 1:35, before the call of any disciples.

departed = withdrew.

 

Verse 13

in = at. Greek. eis App-104.

Capernaum. Jewish authorities identify Kaphir Nakhum with Kaphir Temkhum, since corrupted into the modern Tell Hum. App-169. A Synagogue has been discovered in the present ruins. For events at Capernaum, see Matthew 8, Matthew 9, Matthew 17, Matthew 18. Mark 1.

upon the sea coast. Greek. parathalassios. Occurs only here.

 

Verse 14

That = In order that.

spoken. As well as written.

by = by means of. Greek. dia.

Esaias = Isaiah.

 

Verse 15

The land, &c. Quoted from Isaiah 9:1Isaiah 9:2. See App-107. "Land" is nom., not vocative.

Galilee. See App-169.

Gentiles = nations.

 

Verse 16

sat = was sitting.

saw. App-133.:1.

light. App-130.

the region and shadow, &c. Figure of speech Hendiadys (App-6) = "darkness, [yea] the dark shadow of death", or death"s darkness.

sprung up = risen for them.

 

Verse 17

From. Gk. apo. App-104.

From that time. Each portion of the Lord"s fourfold ministry had a distinct beginning or ending. See the Structure (above).

preach = proclaim. See App-121.

Repent. Greek. metanoeo. App-111.

the kingdom of heaven. See App-114.

heaven = the heavens. See notes on Matthew 6:9Matthew 6:10.

is at hand = is drawn nigh.

 

Verse 18

by = beside. Greek. para. App-104.

a net = a large net. Greek. amphiblestron. Not the same word as in Matthew 4:20, or Matthew 13:47.

 

Verse 19

fishers of men. A Talmudic expression: "A fisher of the Law" (Maimonides, Torah, cap. I).

 

Verse 20

nets. Plural diktuon. Not the same word as in Matthew 4:18, or Matthew 13:47.

 

Verse 21

other. Greek. allos. App-124.

James . . . John. See App-141.

Zebedee. Aramaean. See App-94.

a = the. These calls were to discipleship, not apostleship.

with. Greek. meta. App-104.

mending = setting in order. See App-125.

 

Verse 23

all = the whole. Put by Pig. Synecdoche (of the Whole) for all parts. App-6.

synagogues. See App-120.

the gospel = the glad tidings.

of = relating to.

all manner of = every. Put by Pig. Synecdoche (of the Whole), for some of all kinds.

disease. Greek. malakia. Occurs only in Matthew: here; Matthew 9:35Matthew 10:1.

 

Verse 24

fame = hearing. Put by Figure of speech Metonymy (of the Adjunct), App-6, for what was heard.

throughout = unto. Greek. eis.

diseases. Greek. nosos, translated sickness in Matthew 4:23.

devils = demons. Compare Matthew 12:26Matthew 12:27Mark 3:22Mark 3:26.

were lunatick. Greek. seleniazomai. Occurs only here, and Matthew 17:15. From selene = the moon.

 

Verse 25

Galilee. App-169.

and. Note the Figure of speech Polysyndeton. App-6.