Christian Churches of God
[F040i]
Insiguro kuri Matayo:
Intangamarara n’Igice ca 1
(Canditswe 1.5 20220407-20220511)
Insiguro
y’urukurikirane rw’Ubutumwa Bwiza n’insiguro y’Ibigabane ica 1
gushika ku ca 4.
Christian Churches of God
Courriel :
secretary@ccg.org
(Copyright
ã
2022 Wade Cox)
(Tr. 2022)
Izi nyigisho zishobora gukopororwa no
gukwiragizwa k’ubuntu atakiguzi gisabwe mu gihe
atacongeweko canke atagikuwemwo muri rusangi.
Izina ry’Umwanditsi co kimwe n’ibimuranga hamwe
n’uburenganzira bw’umwanditsi bisaba
kugumizwamwo. Nta kiguzi gisabwa kuri uwo wese
ahawe amakopi. Amajambo magufi arashobora
kwandikwa mu gusobanura neza no kuyasubiramwo
neza mu gihe bitononye uburenganzira
bw’umwanditsi.
Iki cigwa turagisanga ku buhinga
ngurukanabumenyi kuri :
http://logon.org/
na
http://ccg.org/
Insiguro
kuri Matayo : Intangamarara n’Igice ca 1 [F040i]
Intangamarara
Urutonde rw’Ubutumwa Bwiza
Matayo ni co gitabu ca mbere mu Butumwa Bwiza mu rutonde mugabo siko vyagiye
bikurikirana mw’iyandikwa rya vyo.
Hariho imvo nziza zerekana ko coba ari co canditswe mu vya nyuma. Ikibanza caco
muri kahise kirashigikira ico cemezo c’uko coba ari ica kera. Ubu biremezwa cane
n’incabwenge ko Mariko iza imbere ya Matayo kandi ko Matayo na Luka vyoba ukwo
ari bibiri bishingiye kuri Mariko. Ibibazo ubu butumwa bwiza bukemura
mw’ishengero ryo muri Palestina vyerekana ko yokurikiye Luka mu rutonde rwavyo,
mugabo biragoye kubitora kuko si kimwe si n’ikindi ntanakimwe cerekana ko kimwe
gishingiye ku kindi. Biyumvira ko urukurikirane rwoba ruri gutya Mariko, Luka,
Matayo na Yohana kandi bavuga ko uru rutonde rwoba rwemezwa n’abize ivya kahise.
Uwitwa Grant yerekana ko vyoba vyanditswe hagati y’imyaka ya 90 na 115 IC (Igihe
Cacu) (biri muri kazinduzi yitwa
Interpreters Dictionary of the Bible.–Matthew, Gospel of,, Vol. 3 pp.
302ff.).
Ibi bifatwa nk’uko atari vyo kuko igitabu ca Matayo canditswe mu giheburayo neza
na neza imbere y’isenyurwa ry’Ingoro. Bitabaye bityo mbere vyoba bidatahuritse.
Ubutumwa bwiza bwa Yohana bufatwa nk’ubwoba bwanditswe imbere y’iyandikwa
ry’Ivyahishuriwe Yohana [l’Apocalypse] i Patmos, kandi koko birashoboka. Mariko
na Luka vyo vyanditswe imbere ya Matayo kandi bibonekana ko vyose vyanditswe
imbere y’Isenyurwa ry’Ingoro kandi bikaba vyakwiragijwe imbere y’umwaka wa 70
IC. Kudashaka kwemera ibi ku banyabwenge bo hambere ni cokimwe n’ukudashaka
kwemera Ikimenyetso ca Yona kwabo n’Inyigisho za Kristo dusanga mu Butumwa Bwiza
bugereranywa n’ubuhanuzi.
Grant ashigikira ko kuva igihe Irénée (circa. Umwaka wa 180 IC (Contre
les Hérésies III, 11.8), birya bikoko bine vyari bishingiye ku Ntumwa muri
burya Butumwa Bwiza bune, ibindi twita
canon bikaba vyabayeho imyaka irenga mirongwitatu imbere ya Irénée.
Arahuza kandi baba Kerubi bane na bo. Ibi n’ivyiyumviro vya bo kandi
ntibitahuritse neza.
Imvugo yo hambere ivuga ko Matayo ari co gitabo ca mbere mu Butumwa Bwiza
ishingiye ku vyo
Papius yavuze ( mu kinjana ca II),
bivugwa na Eusèbe (Histoire
de l’Église. III, 39.16).
Vyaravuzwe ko Matayo yari yanditse mu giheburayo kandi ko imvugo yisunga ivyo
yanditse yari yitwa logion canke ubuhanuzi. Ubutumwa bwiza bwanditswe na Matayo
hari ababukoresha, nk’aba Ébionites, mu buryo bw’umwihariko, mbere bo bivugira
ko vyoba vyabateye gukosha mu vy’ugusenga kwa bo.
Papius nawe ubwiwe mu nyandiko ziwe, nk’uko bivugwa na Eusèbe, asigura ku
Butumwa Bwiza bwanditswe na Mariko imbere y’ubwa Matayo kandi ibi abanyabwenge
benshi baravyirengagiza, mbere na Grant (ibid) arabivuga ku rupapuro rwa 303,
col. 2. Urwo rutonde rutari rwo na Augustin ntiyarutahuye maze bica vyinjira mu
mashengero yose gutyo.
Haraboneka ibindi vyemezo vy’urwo rutonde rw’ivyo bitabo muri mosaïque du
mausolée de Galla Placidia hanze y’isengero ryitwa San Vitale de Ravenne. Yari
mushiki w’umwami w’abami Honorius, wo mu Burengero. Yari umuntu yiryohera cane
maze aca apfa inyuma gato y’iyubakwa ry’iyo ngoro yiwe. Igenekerezo ry’iryo
yubakwa ryari circa. 440 IC. Iyo ngoro yari ifise ububiko bw’ibitabo vyinshi vya
kera. Yerekana ibitabo vy’Ubutumwa bwiza gutya :
Marcus Lucas
Matteus Ioannes
Ivyo vyakozwe mu kiringo kirenga gato ikinjana inyuma y’inama y’i Nicée, mu
mwaka wa 325 IC, kandi imyaka icenda inyuma gato y’inama yabereye i Efeso, mu
mwaka wa 431 IC. Ibi vyabaye imbere y’uko hemerwa na bose ivya Augustin vyari
bishingiye ku gikorwa ca Papius, yirengagije ivyo Papius yavuze musi agashira
Mariko ubwa mbere.
We yafata ko igitabo ca Matayo caza ubwa mbere, hama Mariko mu ncamake, hama
Luka na Yohana. Ukuri kwari ko igitabo ca Mariko kiza imbere y’ica Matayo kandi
ko Matayo yasiguye Mariko kandi yandika mu giheburayo, ari co carungitswe muri
Aziya maze gisobanurwa mu kigiriki, mu ki arameye hama munyuma mu carabu. Ubwo
Butumwa Bwiza bwiwe bwarajanywe mu buhindi kugira batanguzeyo ishengero (cf.
122D).
Izindi ntonde ziri mu vyandikishijwe Intoke vyerekana izindi ntonde hisunzwe
ingene bakurikiranya amazina y’Intumwa, nk’uko tubibona mu rutonde rwa Clermont
gwavuye muri Egiputa circa. Umwaka wa 300 IC, bakurikirana gutya Matayo, Yohana,
Mariko na Luka, canke urutonde rwa Cheltenham gwatowe na Mommsen mu mwaka wa
1885, mbere kenshi gwitwa urutonde gwa Mommsen, ruva muri Afirika ya Ruguru
circa.
Umwaka wa 360 IC.
Aha rero, bibonekana ko umengo urutonde rwo muri mosaïque du mausolée de Galla
Placidia i Ravenne rwoba rwavuye mu nsobanuro za kera zo mw’Ishengero ryo mu
Butaliyano, rutarononwa n’ivyakurikiye vya Augustin, kandi ibi vyemezwa n’imbono
za Irénée w’i Lyon we, akir’umwana, yicaye ku birenge vya Yohana kandi akaba
yarayaze n’abari bazi Kristo, kandi akaba yigishijwe na Polycarpe n’izindi
ntumwa zo mu nyuma.
Ibindi vyemezo vyova kandi muri Accademia y’i Venise aho ivyandiko vyo ku
gisenge ca Sala Della Presentazione vyerekana urwo rutonde nyene (Grant, p. 303
ibid). Grant abandanya yerekana ibindi vyemezo bishigikira iki ciyumviro kandi
biraboneka inyandiko z’abaroma za mbere zari muri urwo rutonde.
Iciyumviro gishaje c’uko Matayo ari co gitabo ca mbere gishingiye ku mvugo ya
Papius ivugwa na Eusèbe (Histoire de
l'Église. III. 39:16) : "Matayo yatororokanije ubuhanuzi [oracles] abushira
mu mvugo (sic) y’igiheburayo maze
umwe wese akazisobanurira neza ukwo ashoboye". Ni muri iyo ntumbero, bose
babigabanya canke bavyagura nk’ukwo bavyumva. Ariko hamwe sivyo uravye ubudasa
buri hagati ya Yohana n’ubundi Butumwa Bwiza muri rusangi.
Irobanurwa ry’ibitabo bigize ico twita canon n’iyemezwa ku mugaragaro rya vyo ko
ari ivyahumetswe tubisanga mu cigwa
Bibiliya (No.
164).
Igihe ivyo bitabo vyiswe canon vyashirwa hamwe, harabayemwo amakosa menshi
n’ukwihenda mu kubisobanura kugira ngo binjizemwo inyigisho z’Ubutatu
(soma
164C,
164F
et
164G)
kandi igikorwa ca nyuma cuzuyemwo amakosa, amanyanga n’ukwihenda mu nsobanuro
vyari mu citwa Textus Receptus
c’abafurera b’umuryango Elzevir, na Bibiliya yitwa KJV [canke iyitwa Martin
canke Ostervald mu gifaransa] ni co kintu kibi cavuyemwo. Kwizera cane ibiri
muri iyo Bibiliya yitwa KJV vyotuma umuntu adatahura neza canke ngo amenye
ukuri. Nimba iyo Bibiliya yokoreshwa, ni vyiza ko twoyigana n’iyindi Bibiliya
yitwa Companion Bible
yanditswe na Bullinger
tukanasoma n’ivyo yanditse musi ku mpera z’impapuro.
Igitabu kimwe kimwe mu bigize Ubutumwa Bwiza kirafise intumbero. Mu vy’ukuri
Ubutumwa Bwiza nk’uko bwanditswe na Matayo ntabwo bufise intumbero yo kuvuga
ivy’igisokuru c’abami, nk’uko bamwe mu banyabwenge bamwe babivuga, ariko Matayo
agomba kwerekana impamvu Kristo atotegerejwe kuba umwami wa Isirayeli n’i Buyuda
bitavuye ku Mana ubwayo. Ntawukomoka kuri Conia yoshoboye kwicara ku ntebe
y’ubwami bwa Isirayeli bitavuye ku Mana (soma iy’
Amamuko ya
Mesiya (No. 119)).
Aha muri Matayo iyi nkomoko yongera kandi ikaba n’iya Yosefu na Mariya, nyina wa
Kristo muri Luka ikigabane ca 3. Ivyo biremerwa cane n’abanyabwenge n’abakristo
nk’inkomoko kandi ya Mariya. Abagiriki bakurikiza inkomoko z’ibisokuru
zidashiramwo umukenyezi ariko bashingira kw’izina ry’umugabo, ariko bakerekana
ko umukenyezi ar’uwo kwibukwa. Kahise k’Ishengero
ry’aba celtes bo muri Grande-Bretagne, ryatangujwe na
Aristobulus (No.
122D),
rihereye mu ba Gallois, kerekana ko umwami Bran wa Grande-Bretagne yari
yubakanye na Ana, umukobwa wa Yosefu w’i
Arimatiya,
umuyuda, umudandaza /yarangura ivyuma n’aba Britanniques. Bran yatazirwa
Bran uwahezagiwe/uwuguweneza kubera
yari yarongoye muvyara w’isugi, nyina wa Yesu Kristo, kandi kubera Yosefu yari
se wabo w’uwo mwigeme akaba na se wabo wa Mesiya. Kubw’ivyo,
Arviragus, umwami w’aba Siluriens, akaba na mwenewabo wa Caradog, umwami
w’aba Cantii n’aba Catevelauni, yatanze amahegitari 12 y’itongo kugira hubakwe
Isengero ry’i Glastonbury muri Grande-Bretagne azigabira
Yosefu, ari we sekuru kubw’isezerano, no ku mwishwawe Linus ap Caradog,
yarobanuwe na Kristo maze aba umwungere wa mbere w’i Roma. Ni gutyo rero, abo
muri Royaume-Uni bose bava kuri abo bami baba ari abo mu muryango wa Kristo.
Hari vyinshi vyakozwe n’abo mu Burayi kugira bazimanganye iyo nkuru ya kahise,
ariko aba Gallois barayizigamye kandi ivyemezo birahari vyinshi bikwiye
(turabisanga kandi muri Ashley.
M, Mammoth Book of British Kings and
Queens, Carroll and Graf Publishers, 1998/9). Iki ciyumviro kirashigikirwa
n’uko Pilato yahaye uwo Yosefu ikiziga ca Yesu Kristo kugira agifube mu mva yiwe
ubwiwe, kubera ko mwenewabo Héli yari yapfuye kandi yoba ari we yari umuntu wo
mu muryango akuze akaba mu barongoye Ubucamanza.
Meurig, umwuzukuru wa Arviragus, yarongoye umukobwa wa Cyllin ap Caradog,
umwishwa wa Linus, umwungere w’i Roma. Maze baca basubira muri Grande-Bretagne
babaye abarongozi n’abakiriya b’Abaroma. Meurig n’uwo mukobwa baca babandanya
bateza imbere ishengero ry’i Glastonbury.
Ryamenyekanye cane muri kahise kw’izina rya St Marius.
Ni nk’ukwo kandi, Inkomoko ya Kristo yerekana ikurikizwa ryiza ry’Ivyagezwe vya
Bibiliya vyo Guhonora mu gushira mu ngiro
Ivyagezwe
vy’Imana (L1).
*****
Matayo
Vyanditswe na E.W. Bullinger
UBUTUMWA BWIZA BWANDITSWE NA MATAYO
INDINGANIZO Y’IGITABO MURI RUSANGI.
"EHE UMWAMI WANYU" (Zekariya
9:9,
Matayo
21:5).
Matayo…..1:1….–…Matayo…2:23....…IMBERE-Y’IVUGABUTUMWA.
3:1-4 INTEGUZA.
3:5-17 UMUBATIZO : W’AMAZI.
4:1-11 UKUGERAGEZWA : MU BUGARAGWA.
Matayo
4:12
-
Matayo
7:29.
UBWAMI
Matayo
8:1
-
Matayo
16:20.
UMWAMI
Matayo
16:21
-
Matayo
20:34.
UMWAMI
Matayo
21:1
-
Matayo
26:35.
UBWAMI
26:36-46 KU MPFIRO MU MURIMA.
Matayo 26:47
-
Matayo 28:15.
UMUBATIZO : WO KUBABAZWA (URUPFU, URUHAFU NO KUZUKA,
Matayo 20:22).
28:16-18 ABASUBIRIZI.
28:19,20 INYUMA-Y’IVUGABUTUMWA.
IVYAVUZWE KU BUTUMWA BWIZA BWANDITSWE NA MATAYO
Intumbero Mvajuru y’Ubutumwa Bwiza bwa MATAYO n’iyo kwerekana Umukiza nk’Umwami
wa Yehovah. Niyo mpamvu ivyabaye igihe ciwe vyashizwe ahabona birerekanwa,
kugira ngo ivyiwe vyerekanwe nka Mesiya yarungitswe kugira ashitse Ubuhanuzi
bwose bumwerekeye. Tuyigereranije na Mariko na Luka, Matayo ntabuze nk’ibintu
mirongwitatu yisangije mu Butumwa Bwiza bwiwe, kandi nka vyose bishingiye ku
Mwami no ku Bwami, ari vyo yitaho cane mu Butumwa bwiwe.
I. Ibintu bine bijanye n’ubuto bwiWe :
Urugendo rw’Abanyabwenge (2:1-15).
Ubwicanyi bw’i Betelehemu (2:16-18).
Uguhungira muri Egiputa (2:19-22).
Ugusubira i Nazareti (Matayo
2:23).
II. Imigani Cumi :
Urwamfu (13:24-30).
Abakozi bo mu Ruzabibu (20:1-16).
Itunga Rinyegejwe (Matayo
13:44).
Abahungu Babiri (21:28-32).
Imaragarita (Matayo
13:45).
Ubukwe bw’Umwana w’Umwami (22:1-14).
Urusenga ruterewe (Matayo
13:47).
Inkumi Cumi (25:1-13).
Umushumba w’imburakigongwe (18:23-35).
Italanto (25:14-46).
III. Ibitangaro Bibiri :
Impumyi Zibiri (20:30-34).
Ikingorongoro c’Amahera mu Kanwa k’Urufi (17:24-27).
IV. Amajambo Cumi Ahambaye :
Inyigisho yo ku Musozi (Mat. 5-7).
Gutumira Abarushe n’Abaremerewe (11:28-30).
Amajambo Asunitswe n’impwemu (Matayo
12:36, Matayo…12:37).
Ihishurirwa rya Petero (16:17-19).
Soma Ivyongeweko-147.
Ugucabugufi n’Uguharirwa (18:15-35).
Ukuzinukwa Kwiwe kw’aba ruriya Runganwe (Matayo
21:43).
Ivyago Umunani (23. Soma ivyongeweko-126).
Ubuhanuzi bwo ku Musozi wa Elayono (Matayo
25:1-46).
Soma Ivyongeweko-155.
Igikorwa n’Isezerano (28:18-20).
Soma Ivyongeweko-167.
V. Ibihe Bitandatu bijanye n’Umubabaro wiwe :
Uburyarya no Kwiyahura kwa Yuda (Matayo
26:14-16
;
27:3-11).
Inzozi z’Umugore wa Pilato (Matayo
27:19).
Ukuzuka kw’Aberanda inyuma y’Izuka Ryiwe (Matayo
27:52,
Matayo
27:53).
Irementanya kubijanye n’Ikiziga Ciwe (27:62-64).
Barinda Imva Yiwe (Matayo
27:65
; 66).
Kunyiganyiga kw’Isi mu Gitondo c’Ukuzuka (Matayo
28:2).
Ahenshi muri aho tudondaguye harafitaniye isano n’intumbero nyamukuru y’ubu
Butumwa Bwiza. Amajambo n’imvugo zo muri ubu Butumwa Bwiza bifise intumbero imwe
: ariyo " y’Ubwami bwo mw’ijuru ",
bubonekana incuro mirongwitatu na zibiri, kandi ntanarimwe mu bundi Butumwa
Bwiza ; " Data ari mw’ijuru ", ribonekana incuro cumi na zitanu muri Matayo,
incuro zibiri gusa muri Mariko ; nta nahamwe muri Luka; "Umuhero w’isi ",
ribonekana gusa muri Matayo ; "kugira ngo iryavuzwe ritahe ", incuro icenda muri
Matayo, kandi ntanahandi urisanga ; " handitse ngo ", canke " mwarumvise ",
incuro cumi na zine muri Matayo, kandi ntahandi biri. + Hose hamwe, Matayo afise
ahantu miringwitandatu hisunga Isezerano rya Kera, kuko Ivyagezwe n’Ubuhanuzi
vyashikijwe n’ukuza kwa Mesiya. Irivuga rheo ribonekana incuro mirongwibiri muri
Matayo (incuro cumi na zine ku Bavugishwa n’Imana, n’incuro zitandatu mu
Nyigisho yo ku Musozi, zitangurwa na "mwarumvise",
Matayo 5:21,
Matayo 5:27,
Matayo 5:31,
Matayo 5:33,
Matayo 5:38,
Matayo 5:43).
Ikibazo c’amajambo y’abantu ba kino gihe ku bijanye n’aho Abavugabutumwa bakuye
ibikoresho ntikibazwa, kuko, nko kuri Luka (Matayo
1:3),
ivyo babihawe bivuye "mw’ijuru" (Gr. anothen) ; soma indanzi yo kuri vyo. Ariko
kandi, indunduro Mvajuru ya Luka n’iyo kwerekana Umwami atari nk’"Imana
itunganye" gusa (nko muri
Luka 1:32-35
no muri Yohana), ariko kandi n’ukwerekana ivuka Ryiwe n’ubuto Bwiwe mu butumwa
bwiza bwa.
*Luka
11:2,
"ari mw’ijuru", iki kirirengagizwa mu nyandiko zihavugako. Soma Ivyongeweko-94.
VII.
+ Mariko 13;14, "cavuzwe n’uwavugishwa n’Imana Daniyeli", kirirengagizwa
n’abagize ico bavuga. Soma Ivyongeweko-94. VII.
*****
Matayo Ibigabane 1-4 (BY)
Ikigabane ca 1
1 Igitabo
kidondora ukuvuka kwa Yesu Kristo, umwana wa Dawidi, Dawidi wa Aburahamu.
2 Aburahamu yavyaye Isaka, Isaka yavyaye Yakobo, Yakobo yavyaye Yuda
n’abandi bavukana ; 3 Yuda yavyaye Peresi na Zera kuri Tamari, Peresi
yavyaye Hesironi, hesironi yavyaye Ramu ; 4 Ramu yavyaye Aminadabu,
Aminadabu yavyaye Nahasoni, Nahasoni yavyaye Salumoni ; 5 Salumoni
yavyaye Bowazi kuri Rahabu, Bowazi yavyaye Obedi kuri Rusi, Obedi yavyaye Isayi
; 6 Isayi yavyaye umwami Dawidi. Dawidi yavyaye Salomo kuri muka
Uriya ; 7 Salomo yavyaye Rehobowamu, Rehobowamu yavyaye Abiya, Abiya
yavyaye Asa ; 8 Asa yavyaye Yehoshafati, Yehoshafati yavyaye Yoramu,
Yoramu yavyaye Uziya ; 9 Uziya yavyaye Yotamu, Yotamu yavyaye Ahazi,
Ahazi yavyaye Hezekiya ; 10 Hezekiya yavyaye Manase, Manase yavyaye
Amoni, Amoni yavyaye Yosiya ; 11 Yosiya yavyaye Yekoniya n’abandi
bavukana, mu gihe co kwambukanwa i Babuloni. 12 Kuva mu gihe co
kwambukanwa i Babuloni Yekoniya yavyaye Shalutiyeli, Shalutiyeli yavyaye
Zerubabeli ; 13 Zerubabeli yavyaye Abihudi, Abihudi yavyaye
Eliyakimu, Eliyakimuyavyaye Azori ; 14 Azori yavyaye Sadoki, Sadoki
yavyaye Akimu, Akimu yavyaye Elihudi ; 15 Élihudi yavyaye Eliyazari,
Eliyazari yavyaye Matani, Matani yavyaye Yakobo ; 16 Yakobo yavyaye
Yosefu, umugabo wa Mariya nyina wa Yesu yitwa Kristo. 17 Nuko ba
sekuruza bose guhera kuri Aburahamu gushitsa kuri Dawidi n’icumi na bane, kandi
guhera kuri Dawidi gushitsa ku gihe co kwambukanwa i Babuloni n’icumi na bane,
kandi guhera ku gihe co kwambukanwa i Babuloni gushitsa kuri Kristo n’icumi na
bane nyene. 18 Ukuvuka kwa Yesu Kristo kwabaye gutya. Nyina Mariya
yarakowe na Yosefu ataramurongora bamubona afise inda yavuye kuri Mpwemu Yera.
19 Ariko Yosefu, umugabo wiwe, kukw’ar’umugororotsi, kandi
kukw’atagomvye kumutetereza, yiyumvira kumubengera mu mpisho. 20 Akivyiyumvira,
umumarayika w’Umwami Imana amwiyerekera mu nzozi, aramubarira ati : Yosefu,
mwana wa Dawidi, ntutinye kurongora Mariya umugeni wawe, kukw’atwaye inda ya
Mpwemu Yera; 21 azovyara umwana w’umuhungu, nawe uz’umwite YESU,
kukw’ari we azokiza abantu biwe ivyaha vyabo. 22 Ivyo vyose vyabaye
bityo ngw’ivyo Umwami Imana yavugiye mu kanwa k’uwavugishwa nawe biboneke :
23 ngo Raba, inkumi izotwara inda, ivyare umwana, w’umuhungu, Bazomwita
Imanuweli ; risobanurwa ngw’Imana iri kumwe natwe. 24 Yosefu
yikanguye aravyuka, agira nk’uk’umumarayika w’umwami Imana yamubariye, arongora
umugeni wiwe. 25 Kandi ntiyigera amwegera gushitsa aho yavyariye
umwana w’umuhungu ; araheza amwitaYESU.
Intumbero y’Ikigabane ca 1
Imirongo 1-17 ivuga amamuko ya Kristo, tubisanga mu cigwa
Amamuko ya
Mesiya (No. 119)
(soma kandi Luka 3:23-38). Muri ico gitabo, amamuko ya Mesiya arasiguwe neza
guhera kuri Adamu.
"Ibisomwa vyo muri Matayo 1 no muri Luka 3 navyo birasiguwe neza ndetse
n’ibihushane biri hagati yavyo harasiguwe kandi n’igitabo c’Ingoma. Imvugo nziza
itomoye yerekana ko Mesiya yarungitswe gukiza abanyavyaha. Amamuko ya Mesiya
n’ikintu gikomeye cane kugira tumenye uwo Mesiya uwo yari we. Ikindi kintu
gikomeye kandi, n’uko amamuko atanga ubumenyi bukomeye cane kw’ishika
ry’ubuhanuzi n’ivyagezwe vya".
Igisokuru gifatiye kuri Dawidi umwami (22:41-45) (Abaroma 1:3) gushika kuri
Aburahamu (Ab’i Galatiya 3:16). 3-6
: Rusi 4:18-22 ; 1Ngoma. 2:1-15 ;
11 : Ikinyago, 2Abami 24:8-16 ;
Yeremiya 27:20 ; 12 : Yekoniya canke
Yehoyakimu, (2Abami 24:6 ; 1Ngoma 3:16). Sheyalutiyeli yakomotseko abavuye mu
guhonora Pedaya 1Ngoma 3:16-19 ; (soma kandi Ezira 3:2 ; Hagayi 2:2 ; Luka 3:27
; soma igisokuru c’abakomoka kuri Zerubabeli twisunze
119
aha hepfo). 13-16 : Abantu bo kuri
Abihu gushika kuri Yakobo umengo basa nkabatazwi (119
aha hepfo). 16 : Kriso niyo
nsobanuro y’ikigiriki ya Mesiya bisigura uwasizwe amavuta (Abalewi 4:3, 5. 16 ;
2Samweli 1:14-16).
Mariya yasamye kubwa Mpwemu Yera n’ivuka rya Yesu Kristo (vv. 18-25).
Muri iki gice, Matayo yerekana ko Mariyamu yasamye kubwa Mpwemu Yera. Yar’akowe
na Yosefu, maze umumarayika w’Uhoraho aramubonekera kugira umumenyeshe ko
yokwemera gutwara Mariyamu (bamwita nabi ngo ni Mariya) maze bakabana kandi ko
uwo mwana azitwa Yesu (Yahoshua canke Yosuwa), akaba ari we azokiza abantu biwe
ivyaha vyabo. Ivyo vyose vyabaye kugira ngo hashitswe ubuhanuzi bwo muri Yesaya
(Yesaya 7:14) ku murongo wa 23
(soma kandi Luka 1:26-2:40).
Yosefu yahavuye abana na Mariyamu ariko "ntibaryamanye" gushika yibarutse Yesu
Kristo.
20
: Abamarayika, n’ibiremwa vy’impwemu, abana b’Imana (elohim), barungikwa
nk’intumwa (Heb. Malak) kugira
bakorere Imana mu bantu.
21
: Yesu (Gr. Iesou ;
Héb. Yahoshua canke Yosuwa
ang.) iki arameye n’igiheburayo
bigomba gusa kandi vyose ukwo ari bibiri bisigura ko
azorokora.
Yategerezwa gukiza abantu ivyaha vyabo.
22-23
: inkumi (soma Yesaya 7:14n Annot.
RSV)
25
: Abakatorika b’abaromani bo bivugira ko ijambo gushika umwana avutse bisigura
ko batigeze bahuza ibitsina inyuma y’Ivuka rya Yesu Kristo. Ni bake mu yindi
mirwi isenga bemera ivyo kandi Bibiliya itubwira ibinyuranye n’ivyo.
Ikigabane ca 2
1 Yesu
amaze kuvukira i Betelehemu mu gihugu c’i Yudaya ku ngoma y’umwami Herode, haza
abanyabwenge bavuye i burasirazuba, baja i Yerusalemu, 2 barabaza
bati : Umwami w’Abayuda yavutse ari hehe ? Kuko twabonye inyenyeri yiwe, tur’i
burasirazuba, none tukaba tuzanywe no kumushengerera. 3 Umwami Herodi
avyumvise, ahagarika umutima n’ab’i Yerusalemu bose. 4 Akoranya
abaherezi bakuru n’abanyabwenge b’ivyanditswe bose bo mur’ubwo bwoko, arababaza,
ati Kristo azovukira hehe ? 5 Bati n’i Betelehemu mu gihugu c’i
Yudaya, ni ko vyanditswe n’umuntu yavugishwa n’Imana : 6 Ngo kandi
wewe, Betelehemu mu ntara ya Yuda, Nturi mutoya mu baganwa ba Yuda, kuko kuri
wewe hazova uwuganza, Ni we azoragira abantu banje b’Abisirayeli. 7 Buno
Herode ahamagaza ba banyabwenge mu mpisho, abasiguza igihe iyo nyenyeri
yabonekeye.
8 Abatuma
i Betelehemu ati : Mugende, mubaze mushirutse umwete ivy’uwo mwana.
Ni mwamubona muce muza kumbarira, ngo nanje nze kumushengerera. 9 Na
bo bumvise iry’umwami, baragenda. Maz’iyo nyenyeri babonye i burusirazuba
irabarongora, irinda ishika hejuru y’aho uwo mwana ari, ihagararaho. 10 Babonye
iyo nyenyeri banezerwa akaneza kenshi cane. 11 Bashitse mu nzu babona
uwo mwana na Mariya nyina wiwe ; bikubita hasi, baramupfukamira, barumura
ibisimbo vyabo, bamushikanira amashikanwa, izahabu n’imibavu n’isenga. 12 Babwiriwe
n’Imana mu nzozi ngo ntibasubire guca kwa Herode, baca mu yindi nzira,
bisubirira mu gihugu c’i wabo. 13 Bamaze kugenda, umumarayika
w’Umwami Imana yiyerekera Yosefu mu nzozi, aramubwira ati : Vyuka , ujane umwana
na nyina, uhungire muri Egiputa, ugumeyo gushitsa aho nzokubaririra, kuko Herode
agira arondere umwana ngw’amwice. 14 Yosefu ahengera mw’ijoro
aravyuka, ajana umwana na nyina, aja muri Egiputa. 15 Agumayo
gushitsa Herode amaze gutanga,
ngw’ivyo Umwami Imana yavugiye mu wavugishwa na we bishike, ngo Nahamagaye
umwana wanje ngw’ave muri Egiputa. 16 Maze Herode abonye ko yahenzwe
n’abo banyabwenge, arajingitwa cane. Atuma kugeseza abana b’abahungu bose b’i
Betelehemu no mu misozi yose ihakikije, abamaze imyaka ibiri n’abatarayimara,
yagerereje igihe yasigurije abanyabwenge. 17 Ni ho ivyavuzwe na
Yeremiya yavugishwa n’Imana vyashikiye: 18 Ngw’induru yumvikana i
Rama, Amarira n’amaborogo menshi ; Rakeli aririra abana biwe, yanka kwirurwa,
kuko batakiriho. 19 Herode amaze gutanga, umumarayika w’Umwami Imana
yiyereka Yosefu mu nzozi ari muri Egiputa, 20 aramubwira ati : Vyuka,
ujane umwana na nyina, uje mu gihugu c’i Bwisirayeli, kukw’abarondera kwica
umwana bapfuye. 21 Yosefu avyutse, ajana umwana na nyina, aragenda,
ashika mu gihugu c’i Bwisirayeli. 22 Ariko yumise yuko Arukelayo
yimye i Yudaya, asubiye ku ngoma ya se Herode, atinya kujayo. Abwiriwe mu nzozi,
aja mu bihugu vy’i Galilaya. 23 Ashitseyo, agerera mu gisagara citwa
Nazareti, ngw’ivyavuzwe n’abavugishwa n’Imana bishike, ngw’Azokwitwa
Umunyanazareti.
Intumbero y’Ikigabane ca 2
Yesu (Yahoshua canke Yosuwa) yavukiye i Betelehemu, mu buyudeha, ku ngoma ya
Herode (v. 1). Hérode yapfuye hagati y’amagenekerezo ya 1-14 Abibu 4 IIC ;
ntabwo Kristo yavutse inyuma ya Nzero mu mwaka wa 4 IIC.
(soma
Imyaka ya
Kristo igihe Yabatizwa n’Ikiringo c’Ivugabutumwa Ciwe (No. 019)).
Abanyabwenge
(Mages – umugwi w’abanyabwenge bo Buperesi bwa kera) bari baje gushengerera
"umwami w’abayuda yavutse" (v. 1-2 ; soma. Yeremiya 23:5 ; Guharura 24:17), ivyo
vyateye amakenga Hérode (v. 3), yabikuye mu buhanuzi bwa Mika 5:2 abibwiwe
n’abaherezi bakuru n’abanyabwenge b’ivyanditswe b’i Yerusalemu (vv. 4-6) (soma.
Yohana 7:42). Hérode yategetse abo banyabwenge ko nibabona uwo mwana baca
bagaruka bakamubwira aho yavukiye. Abo banyabwenge bakurikiye iyo nyenyeri
bagiye bitwaje amashikanwa y’izahabu, ibimota neza n’imira. Baragabishijwe ko
batosubira i Yerusalemu ahubwo ko bosubira mu gihugu cabo (vv. 7-12) (soma Luka
2:7 n’ivyongeweko).
Maze Yosefu yabwiwe guhungira muri Egiputa kubera Herode yarafise intumbero mbi
yo kwica uwo mwana. Yagumye muri Egiputa gushika Herode apfuye. Ibi vyabaye
kugira ngo ubuhanuzi bwo muri Hoseya 11:1 bushike "Maze mpamagara uwo mwana
wanje ngw’ave muri Egiputa". (vv. 13-15) (soma. Kuvayo 4:22).
Imirongo ya 16-18 ivuga ivy’iyicwa ry’abana bose bafise imyaka ibiri n’iyiri
musi. Herode yari yashavuriye cane ba banyabwenge kuko bamubeshe maze aharura
umwanya wahaciye kuva aho abo banyabwenge bari bamubwiriye ko babonye inyenyeri
kugira yice abana b’abahungu bose bakwije n’abatarakwiza imyaka ibiri i
Betelehemu no muri iyo micungararo.
Ivyo vyashikije ubuhanuzi bwo muri Yeremiya 31:15 (v.18) bwavuga buti :
"Induru yumvikana i Rama, amaborogo n’amarira menshi ; Rakeli aririra abana
biwe, yanka kwirurwa umubabaro w’abana, kuko batakiriho."
I Rama hari nko ku birometero umunani (8 km) mu buraruko bw’i Yerusalemu.
Rakeli, muka Yakobo, yapfuye ariko aribaruka maze ahambwa hafi y’i Betelehemu
(soma. Itanguriro 35:16-20). I Rama, mu buraruko bw’i Yerusalemu, yari ishusho
y’umubabaro w’igihugu (Yeremiya 40:1) gitewe n’abansi, cane cane Herode umunya
Idumeyene.
Kristo yavutse imbere y’umwaka wa 4 IIC (Imbere y’Igihe Cacu) hama urupfu rwa
Herode ruba hagati y’amagenekerezo ya 1na 13 Abibu umwaka wa 4 IIC.
Urukurikirane rw’ivyabaye turusanga mu cigwa
Imyaka ya
Kristo n’Ukubatizwa kwiwe n’Ikiringo c’Ivugabutumwa ryiwe (No. 019).
Imirongo yo kuva 19 gushika 23 irerekana ukugaruka kw’umuryango muri Isirayeli.
Bamaze kwumva ko Arukelayo, umuhungu wa Herode, yimye i Yudaya asubiye ku ngoma
ya se (uyu yatwaye kuva 4 IIC gushika 6 IC), Yosefu yaciye yigira inama yo kuja
i Galilaya mu gisagara citwa Nazareti.
Harimwo ibisusirane mu mvugo no mu nsiguro ishoboka hagati y’iki arameye
n’igiheburayo kw’ijambo agashami (soma
Yesaya 11:1).
1 Mur’iyo
misi haza Yohana Umubatizi, yigishiriza mu bugaragwa bw’i Yudaya. 2 Ati
: Mwihane, kuk’ubwami bwo mw’ijuru buri hafi. 3 Uyo niwe yavuzwe na
Yesaya yavugishwa n’Imana ati : Ijwi ry’uwusemerera mu bugaragwa, ati ni
mutegure inzira y’Uhoraho, Mugorore iz’ibihamo ziwe. 4 Yohana uyo,
imyambaro yiwe yar’iy’ubwoya bw’ingamiya, yayikenyeza umukanda w’urusato mu
rukenyerero ; indya ziwe zar’inzige n’ubuki bwo mw’ishamba. 5 Maz’ab’i
Yerusalemu n’ab’i Yudaya bose n’igihugu giherereye kuri yorodani cose, bava i
wabo baza kuri we ; 6 babatizwa na we mu ruzi Yorodani, batura ivyaha
vyabo. 7 Abonye benshi bo mu Bafarisayo no mu Basadukayo bazanywe
no kugira ngw’ababatize, arababaza, ati : Mwa bana b’inzoka mwe , ni nde
yababuriye ngo muhunge uburake buzoza ? 8 Nuko mwame imbuto
zikwiranye n’ukwihana. 9 Mwoye kwiyumvira mu mitima, muti Dufise
Aburahamu, ni we sogokuruza. Ndababwira yukw’aya mabuye Imana ishobora
kuyavyuramw’abana ba Aburahamu. 10 Arikw’incabiti igenekerejwe ku
bitsina vy’ibiti ; nuko rer’igiti cose kitama ivyiza kiracibwa, kigatererwa mu
muriro. 11 N’ukuri jeho ndababatiza mu mazi ngo mwihane ;
arik’uwuzoza hanyuma yanje andusha ubushobozi, ntibimbereye no kumutwaza
inkweto. Uyo azobabatiza muri Mpwemu Yera no mu muriro. 12 Urutaro
rwiwe ruri mu kuboko kwiwe, kand’azokubura imbuga yiwe neza, yimburire ingano
ziwe mu kigega, maz’umuguruka awuturire mu muriro utazima. 13 Ico
gihe Yesu ava i Galilaya, aja kuri Yorodani aje kuri Yohana, azanywe no
kubatizwa na we. 14 Ariko Yohana agomba kumwankira ati : Kw’ari jewe
nkwiye kubatizwa nawe ; non’uje kuri jewe ? 15 Yesu aramwishura ati :
Bikunde kukw’ari vyo bidukwiye, ngo dushitse ukugororoka kwose.
Bun’aramukundira. 16 Yesu amaze kubatizwa, aca ava mu mazi ;
maz’ijuru riruguruka, abona Mpwemu w’Imana, amanuka asa n’inuma, amugwako.
17 Buno rer’ijwi riva mw’ijuru riti : Uyu ni we Mwana wanje nkunda,
akampimbara.
Intumbero y’Ikigabane ca 3
Inkuru ya Yohana umubatizi turayisanga no muri Luka, ikigabane ca 1. Kuva ku
murongo wa 1 gushika ku wa 3, Yohana yigishiriza mu bugaragwa bw’i Yudaya,
agabisha abantu ngo bihane kuk’ubwami bw’ijuru buri hafi, nk’uk’uwavugishwa
n’Imana Yesaya yari yarabivuze (Yesaya 40:3).
Uyo niwe yavuzwe na Yesaya yavugishwa n’Imana ati : "Ijwi ry’uwusemerera mu
bugaragwa, ati ni mutegure inzira y’Uhoraho, mugorore iz’ibihamo ziwe."
(v.3)
Yohana yigisha ukwihana. Kwihana
bisigura kugaruka mw’isezerano ry’Imana n’abantu (Kuvayo 19:3-6 ; 24:3-8 ;
Yeremiya 31:31-34). Umurongo wa 4
uvuga inyambaro yiwe n’ivyo yafungura (soma 2Abami 1:8 ; Zekariya 13:4 na Yesaya
40:3, Malaki 3:1) (soma 3:3 na 17:10-12). Malaki 4:5 havuga uwavugishwa n’Imana
Eliya azoza mu Misi y’Iherezo (soma
Abavugishwa
n’Imana Babiri (No. 135)
n’Intambara
z’Iherezo, Igice ca II : Imisi 1260 y’Abavugishwa n’Imana (No. 141D)).
Abantu benshi b’i Yerusalemu n’i Yudaya baza kuri we kugira bumvirize ubutumwa
bwiwe maze akababatiza mu ruzi Yorodani. (vv. 5-6) (soma Mariko 1:4).
Igihe abafarisayo n’abasadukayo baza kuri we, yababwiranye uburake bwinshi ati :
Mw’abana b’inzoka mwe ! Ni nde yababuriye ngo muhung’uburake buzoza
?
Yaragomvye kuvuga urubanza rw’Imana (1Ab’i Tesalonike. 1:10) (soma kandi 22:23 ;
n’Ivyakozwe n’Intumwa 23:6-10). Akandi kadumbidumbi ka gatatu k’Abayuda kari
muri Palestine kari ak’aba Esséniens (cf. Josèphe
B.J. 11.8. 2-13). Inyandiko z’intoke
zatowe mu kiyaga cakamye Manuscrits de la Mer Morte (MMM) ziratanga umuco ku
migirwa yabo, ariko iyo mvugo iva mu kagwi k’abapagani bo muri Siriya kuri
Pline, akagwi ka Qumran ntikifashe nk’aba Essenien karabitaye.
Yohana yaravuze ivy’ubwami (soma kandi 4:17). Yarabahanuye ngo bame ivyamwa vyo
kwihana. Ntibihagije kuvuga ko
sogokuruza wabo ari Aburahamu kubera Imana yoshobora guhagurutsa amabuye
ikayakuramwo abuzukuru ba Aburahamu. (vv. 7-9). Yari agomvye kuvuga ivy’agakiza
ku banyamahanga (abapagani), ari nayo ntumbero nyezina y’Ubutumwa Bwiza. Yohana
arabagabisha kandi ko incabiti igenekerejwe ku bitsina vy’ibiti kandi ko igiti
cose kitama ivyiza kizocibwa (v. 10) (soma Luka 3:7-9 ; Yohana 8:33).
Kugira twagure, soma Ivyakozwe n’Intumwa 18:25 ; 19:1-7.
Yohana yabatiza mu mazi kugira abantu bihane kandi yavuga ko haje uwumurusha
ubushobozi kandi ko atari abereye no kumutwaza inkweto ziwe.
Kristo azobabatiza muri Mpwemu Yera no mu muriro (v. 11). Gutyo,
Mpwemu Yera (No. 117)
aba arazanywe aha.
Insiguro ya Jamieson, Fausset na Brown ivuga iti kuri uwu murongo wa 12.
" Urutaro rwa nde - urutaro rwo
kugosora.
Ruri mu biganza vyiwe
– gwiteguye gukoreshwa. Aha ntakindi bisigura atari ikwiragizwa ry’Ubutumwa
Bwiza, bwari bwamaze gutangura, aribwo bwotumye haba gutandukanya ivy’akamaro
n’ibitari ivy’akamaro mu mpwemu, nk’uburo, n’umuguruka, ari rwo rwamfu.
(gereranya n’ibisa n’ivyo dusanga muri Mal_3:1-3).
Kand’azokubura imbuga yiwe-
igihe co kugenya – n’ukuvuga Ishengero riboneka.
Yimbure ingano ziwe
– abera biwe b’ukuri, batoranijwe kubw’agaciro kabo (gereranya na
Amosi_9:9 ;
Luka_22:31).
mu kigega
- "ubwami bwa Data", nk’uko iki "kigega" canke "igitiba" casiguwe neza n’Umwami
wacu mu mugani w’urwamfu n’uburo (Mat_13:30,
Mat_13:43).
Maz’umuguruka awuturire
– abigisha b’ijambo ry’Imana ataco bafise, batagira agaciro, atacerekana na
kimwe ko bakorera Imana (soma zaburi_1:4).
Mu muriro utazima
– Kuba biri mu rudende bitera amadidane kuri izi nsiguro : - guturirwa, mugabo
umuriro ntiwigere uzima ; hamwe bisigura gutokombera kigahera kuvyari
bigize ubuzima bw’ico kintu vyose, ahandi naho mu ciyumviro womengo coguma
kibaho muri ayo magorwa."
Soma kandi Luka 3:18-20 ; 12:49n ; Ivyakozwe n’Intumwa 2:17-21 ; 18:24-26 ;
19:1-7.
Imirongo ya 13 gushika 17 ku mubatizo wa Kristo.
Yohana yari yiyumvira ko Kristo ari we yomubatiza kuko we yabona ko umengo
ntabibereye, ariko Kristo yagerageje kumwereka akamaro kavyo, yerekana agaciro
k’umubatizo wo kwihana, mukuvuga ati : "Bikunde , kukw’ari vyo bidukwiriye, ngo
dushitse ukugororoka kwose."
Igihe Yesu yari avuye mu mazi, yabonye Mpwemu w’Imana yururuka avuye mw’ijuru
ari mu gisa n’inuma iraza imuhagararako.
Maze bumva ijwi rivuye mu kirere rivuga riti :
"Uyu, ni we Mwana wanje nkunda, akampimbara."
(v.17).
(soma kandi
Mariko 1:9-11 ; Luka 3:21-22 ; Yohana 1:31-34.
Gutyo, igikorwa ca Kristo cari cemejwe n’ububasha.
Icigwa
Ukwihana n’Ukubatizwa (No. 052)
kiratwereka iciza co kwihana hama tukabatizwa n’akamaro ko kurambikwako ibiganza
kugira umuntu ahabwe Mpwemu Yera atoshoboye guhabwa abantu imbere ya Pasika
n’Ukuzuka kwa Kristo (Igihe
c’Ukubambwa n’ic’Ukuzuka (No. 159),
hama kandi ukwemerwa kwa Kristo ku Nganji y’Imana nk’
Ishikanwa ry’Ivyeze Rizunguzwa (No. 106B)
n’uguhabwa ishengero kwiwe kuri Pantekoti mu mwaka wa 30 IC. Ivyo vyose
vyategerezwa kubera ku gihe hisunzwe
Ikirangamisi c’Imana (No. 156).
Ukubatizwa kwa Kristo abatizwa na Yohana vyabaye mu mwaka wa 15 ku ngoma
y’Umwami Tiberiyo, canke umwaka wa 27 IC, ukaba wari umwaka wa Yubile, uwo Yesu
yavuga ko ari umwaka wo Kwemererwamwo n’Uhoraho hakaba hari ku Musi mukuru
w’Impongano. Ivugabutumwa ryiwe rikaba ryatanguye inyuma ya Pasika yo mu mwaka
wa 28 IC, inyuma y’aho Yohana yari yaterewe mw’ibohero bikaba bihwanye n’Ikimenyetso
ca Yona,
etc. (No. 013).
Twibuke ko umubatizo w’abakuze n’uguhabwa Mpwemu Yera vyari bikenewe cane kugira
bagume mw’Isezerano
ry’Imana (No. 152)
no kuzigama/kugumya Mpwemu mu Bwami bw’Imana. Ni gutyo igikorwa c’Ishengero
ry’Imana catanguye. Nk’uko tubibona aha hepfo mu Kigabane ca 4.
Ikigabane ca 4
1 Buno
Yesu aduganwa na Mpwemu mu bugaragwa ngw’ageragezwe n’Umurwanizi. 2 Amaze
imisi mirongwine n’amajoro mirongwine yisonzesheje, abona gusonza. 3 Umugeragezi
aza kuri we ati : Ni waba ur’Umwana
w’Imana, bwira aya mabuye acike imitsima. 4 Aramwishura ati :
Vyanditse ng’umuntu ntatungwa n’umutsima gusa, arikw’atungwa n’ijambo ryose riva
mu kanwa k’Imana. 5 Bun’Umurwanizi amujana mu gisagara cera,
amuhagarika ku gatwe k’urusengero, 6 aramubwira ati : Ni waba
ur’Umwana w’Imana, ikororere hasi, kuko vyanditswe ngo : Azokuragiza abamarayika
biwe, na bo bazokuramira mu maboko yabo, ngo kumbure ntutsitare kw’ibuye.
7 Yesu aramubwira ati : Vyongeye haranditswe ngo : Ntukagerageze Uhoraho,
Imana yawe. 8 Umurwanizi yongera kumujana ku musozi uhagaze cane,
amwereka ubwami bwose bwo kw’isi n’ubwiza bwabwo, 9 ati : Ivyo vyose
ndabiguha, ni wampfukamira, ukansenga. 10 Buno Yesu aramubwira ati :
Mvako, Satani ! Kuko vyanditswe , ng’Uhoraho, Imana yawe, abe ari yo usenga,
kand’abe ari yo usaba yonyene. 11 Maz’Umurwanizi aramureka,
kand’abamarayika baraza, baramukorera. 12 Yumvise ko Yohana yashizwe
mw’ibohero, aja i Galilaya. 13 Yimukira i Nazareti, aja kuba i
Kaperinawumu hafi y’ikiyaga mu rugabano rwa Zebuloni na Nafutali, 14 ngw’ivyanditswe
na Yesaya yavugishwa n’Imana bishike : 15 Ngw’Igihugu ca Zebuloni
n’igihugu ca Nafutali, uhereye ku kiyaga, hakurya ya Yorodani, i Galilaya
h’abanyamahanga, 16 Abantu bari bicaye mu mwiza, babonye umuco
mwinshi, kand’abari bicaye mu gihugu c’urupfu no mu gitutu carwo, umuco urasiye
kuri bo. 17 Guhera ubwo, Yesu atangura kwigisha ati : Mwihane,
kuk’ubwami bwo mw’ijuru buri hafi. 18 Aciye i ruhande y’ikiyaga c’i
Galilaya, abona abavukana babiri, Simoni yitwa Petero, na Andereya mwene nyina,
bariko baraterera urusenga mu kiyaga, kuko bar’abarovyi. 19 Arababwira
ati : Ni munkurikire, nzobagira abaroba abantu. 20 Baca bareka
insenga, baramukurikira. 21 Yigiye imbere y’aho, abona abavukana
kandi babiri, Yakobo mwene Zebedayo, na mwene nyina Yohana, barikumwe na se
Zebedayo mu Bwato, bariko barasana insenga zabo, arabahamagara. 22 Baca
bareka ubwato na se, baramukurikira. 23 Yesu agendagenda i Galilaya
hose, yigisha mu masinagogi yabo, ababwira ubutumwa bwiza bw’ubwami, akiza
indwara n’ubumuga vy’uburyo bwose mu bantu. 24 Inkuru yiwe ikwira i
Siriya hose, bamuzanira abarwaye bose batewe n’indwara zitari zimwe
n’ibibasheshereje, n’abinjiwemwo n’abadayimoni, n’abarwaye intandara, n’ibimuga
arabakiza. 25 Kand’ishengero ryinshi riramukurikira bavuye i Galilaya
n’i Dekapoli n’i Yerusalemu n’i Yudaya no hakurya ya Yorodani.
Intumbero y’Ikigabane ca 4
Imirongo kuva kuwa 1 gushika kuwa 11 ivuga ukugeragezwa kwa Kristo mu bugaragwa.
Kwari no gucirwa urubanza kuri Satani umugwanizi canke umugeragezi (vv. 3, 10)
(soma Mariko 1:12-13 ; Luka 4:1-13 ; Abaheburayo 2:18 ; 4,15). Ikibi n’ishaka
ry’umuntu rikora rikatwankanisha n’Imana (soma Luka 13:11, 16n.).
Umurongo wa 2 : Igifungo c’imisi mirongwine (soma Kuvayo 34:28 ; 1Abami 19:8)
Umurongo wa 3 ; nimba uri Umwana w’Imana, soma ic’Imana yavuze mu kigabane ca
3:17.
Umurongo wa 4 -soma Gus. 8:3
Umurongo wa 5 – Igisagara cera, Yerusalemu
Umurongo wa 6 - Zaburi 91:11-12
Umurongo wa 7 - Gus. 6:16
Umurongo wa 10 - Gus. 6:13 ; 11:13.
Kuva ku murongo wa 12 gushika ku wa 17, Yohana umubatizi yarafashwe Yesu nawe
aba aratanguye ivugabutumwa. Aca ava i Galilaya aja kuba i Kaperinawumu, mu
karere ka Zebuloni na Nafutali, kugira ashitse ubuhanuzi bwo muri Yesaya 9:1-2
maze atangura kwigisha ahamagarira abantu kwihana (soma
Mariko 1:14-15 ; Luka 4:14-15).
Imirongo 15-16 - Yesaya 9:1-2.
Matayo avuga Ubwami bwo mw’ijuru aho yovuze Ubwami bw’Imana.
Kuva ku
Ikimenyetso ca Yona n’Inkuru
y’Iyubakwa ry’Ingoro (No. 013),
turabona ukwo vyose vyagiye bikurikirana.
"Kristo yatanguye ivugabutumwa mu nyuma z’aho Yohana nawe yari yatanguye
kwigisha. Yohana yatanguye kwigisha mu mwaka ugira 15 ku ngoma ya Tiberiyo
Sezari. Dukoresheje umwaka usanzwe tugahera kuri Tishiri (sept/oct.)
n’igenekerezo Tiberiyo yatanguriyeko gutwara inyuma y’urupfu rwa Ogusitino
tutaravye aho Inama nshingamateka yatanguriye, tubona ko igenekerezo ryegereye
cane ryoba ari kuwa 27 Gitugutu IC (soma
Igihe c’Ukubambwa n’ic’Ukuzuka
(No. 159)).
Tuzi ko Yohana yabatiza kuva gusa igihe Yesu yaza ngo amubatize. Kimwe gusa,
turashobora kuraba imisi yahaciye kuva abatijwe gushika kuri Pasika yo mu mwaka
wa 28 igihe cacu, ushobora gusanga vyotwara imisi nka mirongwitanu. Twisunze
Matayo 4:17, tubona ko Yesu atatanguye ivugabutumwa ryiwe imbere y’uko Yohana
ashirwa mw’ibohero (Matayo 4:12). Twisunze Yohana 3:22, biraboneka ko inyuma ya
Pasika yo mu mwaka wa 28 IC, Yesu n’abigishwa biwe babatirije mu Buyudeha (naho
Yesu ubwiwe atigeze abatiza (Yohana 4:2)). Na Yohana ntiyari bwo atabwe
mw’ibohero kandi yariko abatiriza ahitwa Ayinoni, hafi y’i Salimu (Yohana
3:23-24). Ni gutyo rero, Kristo yatanguye kwigisha inyuma ya Pasika yo mu mwaka
wa 28 IC. Kristo rero akaba yakoze ivugabutumwa ridakwije imyaka ibiri. Mugihe
naho twokwongerako ivugabutumwa rya Yohana Umubatizi, ukubatizwa kwiwe no gutora
intumwa ziwe, ivugabutumwa ryiwe rica riba ryamaze imyaka ibiri n’inusu.
Bihwanye n’ingingo y’uko umwaka umwe ungana n’umusi umwe mu buhanuzi bwa Yona."
Matayo yarigishije ukuri ku ngingo y’Ivyagezwe vy’Imana (soma Luka 10:18 ; 11:20
; 17:21) n’ikorwa n’ishirwamungiro ryavyo muri kazoza (Mat. 6:10 ; Mariko
1:15n).
Imirongo 18-22 - soma Mariko 1:16-20 ; Luka 5:1-11 ; Yohana 1:35-42.
Umurongo 24. – Abarimwo dayimoni
bagereranywa n’abantu bakoreshwa n’abadayimoni canke impwemu mbi (soma Mat.
8:16,28 ; 9:32 ; 15:22 ; Mariko 5:15 soma Luka 13, 16, n). Abadayimoni - soma
Luka 4:33 n
Umurongo 25 _Dekapoli soma Mariko 5:20 n.
Inyandiko
za Bullinger kuri Matayo ibigabane vya 1-4 (kuri Bibiliya yitwa KJV)
[bibonekena mu congereza gusa]
Chapter 1
Verse 1
TITLE. The. The titles of the N.T. books in the Authorized Version and Revised
Version form no part of the books themselves in the original text.
Gospel. Anglo-Saxon God spell = a narrative of God: i.e. a life of Christ. The
English word "Gospel" has no connection with the Greek euaggelion, which denotes
good news, and was in use as = joyful tidings, &c, B.C. 9, in an inscription in
the market-place of Priene (now Samsun Kale, an ancient city of Ionia, near
Mycale), and in a letter (papyrus)250 years later; both are now in the Royal
Library in Berlin.
according to = i.e. recorded by. Greek. kata. App-104. The title "Saint", as
given in the Authorized Version and Revised Version, is a mistranslation of the
headings found only in the later MSS., which are derived from Church
lectionaries; and should have been rendered "THE HOLY GOSPEL ACCORDING TO
MATTHEW". The Revised Version reads "The Gospel according to Matthew"; L Tr. T
and WH read "according to Matthew"; B omits the word hagion = holy.
Matthew. See App-141. Genesis book comments. Occurs only in connection with the
first man and the second man (Genesis
5:1 and Matthew
1:1).
generation = genealogy or pedigree. See App-99. The same meaning as the Hebrew
expression (Genesis
5:1).
Jesus Christ: i.e. the humbled One now exalted. See App-98.
the Son of David. Because promised directly to David (2
Samuel 7:12, 2
Samuel 7:16). The expression occurs nine times of Christ in Matt. (Matthew
1:1; Matthew
9:27; Matthew
12:23; Matthew
15:22; Matthew
20:30, Matthew
20:31; Matthew
21:9, Matthew
21:15; Matthew
22:42). Compare Psalms
132:11. Isaiah
11:1. Jeremiah
23:5. Acts
13:23. Romans
1:3. David, heir to the throne. App-98. The name of David is in the
commencement of the NT. and in the end also (Revelation
22:16).
the Son of Abraham. Because promised to him (Luke
1:73), and received with joy by him as by David (John
8:56. John
22:43). Compare Genesis
12:3; Genesis
22:18. Galatians
1:3, Galatians
1:16. Heir to the land (Genesis
15:18). App-98.
Abraham.Genesis
21:2, Genesis
21:3. Romans
9:7, Romans
9:9.
begat. Greek. gennao. When used of the father = to beget or engender; and when
used of the mother it means to bring forth into the world; but it has not the
intermediate sense, to conceive. In verses: it is translated begat, and should
be so in verses: Matthew
1:16 and Matthew
1:20 also. In Matthew
1:1 the noun genesis means birth.
Jacob., Genesis
25:26.
Judas = Judah. Genesis
29:35; Genesis
49:10.
and his brethren. Because the promise was restricted to the house of Judah; not
extended to the whole house of Abraham or of Isaac.
Phares and Zara. Hebrew Pharez and Zarah. Twins. Genesis
38:29, Genesis
38:30.
Thamar, The first of four women in this genealogy. The other three were
Rahab, Matthew
1:5; Ruth, Matthew
1:5; Bathsheba, Matthew
1:6. Note the Introversion: Hebrew, Gentile; Gentile, Hebrew: showing
the condescension of Christ in taking our nature.
Esrom. Hebrew Hezron. 1
Chronicles 2:4, 1
Chronicles 2:6.
Aramaean Hebrew Ram. Ruth
4:19. 1
Chronicles 2:11.
Aminadab = Amminadab. Ruth
4:19. 1
Chronicles 2:10.
Naasson. Hebrew Nahshon. Ruth
4:20. Exodus
6:23.
Salmon. Hebrew Salma.
Booz. Hebrew Boaz. Ruth
4:21. 1
Chronicles 2:12.
Rachab. Eng. Rahab. Joshua
2:1; Joshua
6:25. See note on Thamar, Matthew
1:3.
Obed of Ruth., Ruth
4:21. 1
Chronicles 2:12.
Jesse., Ruth
4:22. 1
Chronicles 2:12.
David the king., Ruth
4:22. This addition to the name of David is because of the object of
Matthew"s Gospel. See the Structure on p. 1305. Luke
1:32.
the king. Omitted by all the critical Greek texts enumerated and named in
App-94.
Solomon., 2
Samuel 12:24. The line in Matthew is the regal line through Solomon,
exhausted in Joseph. The line in Luke is the legal line through Nathan, an elder
brother (2
Samuel 5:14), exhausted in Mary. If Christ be not risen, therefore,
all prophecies must fail.
her, &c. See note on Thamar, Matthew
1:3.
Urias = Uriah (2
Samuel 12:24).
Roboam = Rehoboam (1
Kings 11:43).
Note that in this case and in the three following: Rehoboam (a bad father) begat
a bad son (Abijah); Abijah (a bad father) begat a good son (Asa); Asa (a good
father) begat a good son (Jehoshaphat); Jehoshaphat (a good father) begat a bad
son (Jehoram).
Abia = Abijam (1
Kings 14:31); Abijah (2
Chronicles 12:16). See note on Matthew
1:7.
Asa., 1
Kings 15:8.
Josaphat = Jehoshaphat (2Ch 17-18).
Joram = Jehoram (2
Kings 8:16. 2
Chronicles 21:1). Three names are omitted here. All are not necessary
in a royal genealogy. In Matthew
1:1 three names are sufficient.
The four names are:
1. Ahaziah (2
Kings 8:27. 2
Chronicles 22:1-9).
2. Joash or Jehoash (; 2
Kings 12:1-20. 2
Chronicles 24:1-25).
3. Amaziah (. 2
Chronicles 25:1, 2
Chronicles 25:8).
4. Jehoiakim (; 2
Kings 24:1-6. 2
Chronicles 36:5-8).
Ozias = Uzziah (2
Chronicles 26:1), or Azariah (2
Kings 14:21).
Joatham = Jotham (2
Kings 15:7. 2
Chronicles 26:23).
Achaz = Ahaz (2
Kings 15:38. 2
Chronicles 27:9).
Ezekias = Hezekiah (2
Kings 16:20. 2
Chronicles 28:27).
Manasses = Manasseh. (2
Kings 20:21. 2
Chronicles 32:33.)
Amon. (2
Kings 21:18. 2
Chronicles 33:20.)
Josias = Josiah (2
Kings 21:24. 2
Chronicles 33:20).
Jechonias = Jehoiachin (2
Kings 24:8).
they were carried away = removed. Greek. metoikesia = the Babylonian
transference. A standing term. Occurs only in Matthew. It began with Jehoiakim,
was continued in Jechoniah, and completed in Zedekiah (2 Kings 24 and 25. 2
Chronicles 36).
they were brought = the carrying away, as in Matthew
1:11.
Jechonias, Jeremiah
22:30, does not say "no sons"; but, "no sons to sit on the throne of
David".
Salathiel = Shealtiel, the real son of Assir; and hence was the grandson of
Jeconiah (), born "after" (see Matthew
1:12).
Zorobabel. The real son of Pedaiah (1
Chronicles 3:19), but the legal son of Salathiel (compare Deuteronomy
25:5). See Ezra
3:2; Ezra
5:2. Nehemiah
12:1.
of whom. Greek. ex hes, feminine. [Mary].
born = brought forth. Greek. gennao. Spoken, here, of the mother. See note
on "begat" (Matthew
1:2).
Jesus. See App-98.
Christ = Anointed. Hebrew Messiah. See App-98.
So. Verse 17 is the Figure of speech Symperasma. App-6.
all the generations. See the Structure, above. The first begins with the call of
Abraham, and ends with the call of David the layman (1
Samuel 16:13). The second begins with the building of the Temple, and
ends with the destruction of it. The third begins with the nation under the
power of Babylon, and ends with it under the power of Rome (the first and fourth
of the world-powers of Dan 2).
the: i.e. the generations given above, not all recorded in the O.T. fourteen. It
is not stated that there were forty-two, but three fourteens are reckoned in a
special manner, as shown in the Structure above. Note the three divisions of the
whole period, as in the seventy weeks of Daniel (Dan 9. App-91).
Now: or, But, in contrast with those mentioned in verses: . Render: "The
begetting, then, of Jesus Christ was on this wise (for after His mother was
espoused to Joseph, she was found with child) of pneuma hagion". See App-101.
birth = begetting. Greek. gennesis. Occurs only here and Luke
1:14, used of the Father.
Jesus (Omit. by Tr. [WH] Rm.)
Christ. Hebrew Messiah. So translated in John
1:41; John
4:25.
on this wise: i.e. not begotten, as in the cases recorded in verses: .
was espoused = bad been betrothed. By divine ordering, so that the two lines,
through Solomon and Nathan, might be united and exhausted in Messiah. before.
Greek. prin. Occurs seven times (Matthew
26:34, Matthew
26:75. Mark
14:72. Luke
22:61; John
4:49; John
8:58; John
14:9); prin e, Occurs seven times (Matthew
1:18. Mark
14:30. Luke
2:26; Luke
22:34. Acts
2:20; Acts
7:2; Acts
25:16). In eleven of the fourteen passages where this word occurs the
events did take place. In the other three, one was miraculously prevented (John
4:49); the day of the Lord is absolutely certain (Acts
2:20); the other was legally imperative (Acts
25:16).
came together: as in 1
Corinthians 7:5.
the Holy Ghost. Greek. pneuma hagion = holy spirit: i.e. power from on high.
Not "the Holy Spirit". See App-101.
being a just man = though he was a just man (i.e. desirous of obeying the Law).
and = yet.
not. Greek. me. App-105.
not willing = not wishing. Greek. thelo. See App-102.
to make her a publick example = to expose her to shame. L TTr. A WH
read deigmatizo instead of para-deigmatizo. Occurs only here and in Colossians
2:15. This exposure would have necessitated her being stoned to
death, according to the Law (Deuteronomy
22:22). Compare John
8:5.
was minded = made up his mind, or determined. Greek. boulomia. See App-102.
put her away = divorce her according to the Law (Deuteronomy
24:1).
privily = secretly. By putting a "bill of divorcement into her hand" (Deuteronomy
24:1).
he thought: i.e. pondered about or contemplated this step. This was Satan"s
assault, as he had assaulted Abraham before (). See App-23.
these things. The two courses open to him in Matthew
1:19.
the angel of the LORD. The first of three appearances to Joseph in these
chapters, p. 1308 (Matthew
1:20, Matthew
1:24; Matthew
2:13, Matthew
2:19).
angel = messenger. The context must always show whether human or Divine.
the LORD = Jehovah. No Art. See App-98.
appeared. Greek. phaino. See App-105.
a dream. Greek. onar. Occurs only in Matt, (here; Matthew
2:12, Matthew
2:13, Matthew
2:19, Matthew
2:22; and Matthew
27:19). Only six dreams mentioned in N.T. To Joseph (Matthew
1:20; Matthew
2:13, Matthew
2:19, Matthew
2:22); to the wise men (Matthew
2:12); and to Pilate"s wife (Matthew
27:19).
fear not = Be not afraid. This shows bis condition of mind.
conceived = begotten. Greek. gennao, as in verses: Matthew
1:2, Matthew
1:16, Matthew
1:18.
bring forth. Not the same word as in verses: Matthew
1:1, Matthew
1:2, Matthew
1:16, Matthew
1:20. Greek. tiklo. Not "of thee" as in Luke
1:35, because not Joseph"s son.
His name. Figure of speech Pleonasm. App-6= Him.
JESUS. For this type see App-48. The same as the Hebrew Hoshea (Numbers
13:16) with Jah prefixed = God [our] Saviour, or God Who [is]
salvation. Compare Luke
2:21. See App-98.
he = He, and none other, or He is the One Who (emph.)
sins. Greek. hamartia. See App-128.
all = the whole of.
fulfilled. See App-103for the first fulfillment of prophecy in the N.T.
spoken. Greek. to rhethen. By Isaiah to Ahaz (;), but afterwards written. of =
by. Greek. hupo.
by = through, or by means of. Greek. dia. App-104. Matthew
1:1.
a virgin. Quoted from . See the notes there. Greek. parthenos, which settles the
meaning of the word in Isaiah
7:14. See
Emmanuel. Occurs only in Matt. See App-98.
knew her. Heb, idiom, and Figure of speech Metonymy (of Adjunct) for
cohabitation. Note the imperfect tense = was not knowing. See App-132.
till., ; Matthew
13:55, Matthew
13:56, clearly show that she had sons afterwards. See the force of
this word heos in Matthew
28:20, "unto".
her firstborn Son. These words are quoted by Tatian (A.D. 172) and twelve of the
Fathers before cent. 4; and are contained in nearly all MSS. except the Vatican
and Sinaitic (cent. 4). All the Texts omit "her firstborn" on this weak and
suspicious evidence. But there is no question about it in Luke
2:7.
he: i.e. Joseph
Chapter 2
Verse 1
Jesus. See
App-98.
in. Greek. en. App-104.
Bethlehem =
house of bread. Five miles south of Jerusalem. One of the fenced cities of
Rehoboam, originally called Ephrath (Genesis
35:16, Genesis
35:19).
Herod the king. To
distinguish him from other Herods. See App-109.
wise men.
Greek. magoi. It nowhere says they were Gentiles, or that there were only three,
or whether they were priests or kings. The "adoration
of the Magi" must have taken place at Nazareth, for the Lord was
presented in the Temple forty-one days after His birth (8+ 33 days. Leviticus
12:3, Leviticus
12:4. Compare Luke
2:21-24), and thence returned to Nazareth (Luke
2:39). App-169. There, in "the house" (Matthew
2:11), not "in a stable" at Bethlehem, they found the Lord.
They did not return to Jerusalem from Nazareth (Matthew
2:12); but, being well on their way home, easily escaped from
Herod. Herod, having enquired accurately as to the time, fixed on "two years" (Matthew
2:16), which would have thus been about the age of the Lord.
After the flight to Egypt, He returned once more to Nazareth (Matthew
2:23. This chapter (Matthew 2) comes between Luke
2:39 and Luke
2:40.
east. North
and south are always in Greek only in singular. East and west are relative to
the north and therefore occur in the plural also to Jerusalem. The most likely
place.
Verse 2
Where . . . ? This
is the first question in the N.T. See note on the first question in the O.T. (Genesis
3:9).
is born =
has been brought forth: see note on Matthew
1:2.
we have seen =
we saw: i.e. we being in the east saw.
His star. All
questions are settled if we regard this as miraculous. Compare .
are come =
we came.
worship =
do homage. Greek. proskuneo. See App-137.
Verse 3
When =
But.
had heard =
on hearing.
was troubled. The
enemy used this for another attempt to prevent the fulfillment of Genesis
3:15. See App-23.
all Jerusalem. Figure
of speech Synecdoche (of the Whole), App-6. = most of the people at Jerusalem at
that time.
Verse 4
chief priests, &c.: i.e.
the high priest and other priests who were members of the Sanhedrin, or National
Council.
scribes of the People =
the Sopherim, denoting the learned men of the People; learned in the Scriptures,
and elders of the Sanhedrin. This incident shows that intellectual knowledge of
the Scriptures without experimental delight in them is useless. Here it was used
by Herod to compass Christ"s death (compare Luke
22:66). The scribes had no desire toward the person of the "Governor",
whereas the wise men were truly wise, in that they sought the person of Him of
Whom the Scriptures spoke and were soon found at His feet. Head-knowledge
without heart-love may be used against Christ.
demanded =
kept enquiring.
where, &c. This
was the first of the two important questions: the other being "what
time", &c, Matthew
2:7.
Christ =
the Messiah. See App-98.
Verse 5
written =
standeth written. Not spoken, as in Matthew
2:23. Quoted from Micah
6:2. See App-107.
by =
by means of. Greek. dia. App-104. Matthew
2:1.
Verse 6
Juda =
Judah.
art not the least. Figure
of speech Tapeinosis, in order to magnify the place.
not =
by no means. Greek. oudamos. Occurs only here.
among. See
App-104.
princes. Put
by the Figure of speech Metonymy (of Subject), App-6, for the "thousands" (or
divisions) which they led.
out. Greek. ek. App-104.
See note on Micah
5:2.
come =
come forth, not "come unto", as
in Zechariah
9:9.
rule =
shepherd. Rulers were so called because this was their office.
Verse 7
privily =
secretly. enquired . . . diligently = enquired . . . accurately Compare Deuteronomy
19:18. Greek. akriboo. Occurs only here and in Matthew
2:16.
what time, &c. This
was the second of the two important questions: the other being "where" (Matthew
2:4).
the star appeared =
the time of the appearing star.
appeared =
shone forth. See App-106.
Verse 8
for =
concerning.
young Child. Greek. paidion. App-108.
that I may come =
that I also may come. Not "Him also" as
well as others, but "I also" as well as you.
Verse 9
had heard =
having heard.
departed: to
Nazareth (not to Bethlehem). App-169.
they saw. When
in the east. See Matthew
2:2.
went before =
kept going before (Imperfect). Therefore not an astronomical phenomenon, but a
miraculous and Divine act.
till. Implying
both distance and time.
came =
went: i.e. to Nazareth. See Matthew
2:1.
Verse 10
saw the star. Supply
the Ellipsis from Matthew
2:9 (App-6) = "having
seen the star [standing over where the young child was], they rejoiced",
&c.
rejoiced with . . . joy. Figure
of speech Polyptoton (App-6), for emphasis.
Verse 11
into. Greek. eis. App-104.
into the house. Not
therefore at Bethlehem, for that would have been into the stable. See note Matthew
2:1. There is no "discrepancy" here.
Child. Greek. paidion. See
App-108.
Mary. See
App-100.
Him. Not
Mary. treasures = receptacles or treasure cases. gold, &c. From three gifts
being mentioned tradition concluded that there were three men. But it does not
say so, nor that they were kings. These presents supplied their immediate needs.
Verse 12
warned of God =
oracularly answered, implying a preceding question. Compare Matthew
2:22.
in. Greek. kata. App-104.
a dream. Greek. onar. See
note on Matthew
1:20.
not. Greek. me. App-105.
to =
unto. Greek. pros. App-104.
departed =
returned.
another =
by another, as in Matthew
2:5.
were departed =
had withdrawn or retired.
the angel. See
note on Matthew
1:20.
the LORD. Here
denotes Jehovah. See App-98. Divine interposition was needed to defeat the
designs of the enemy; and guidance was given only as and when needed. Compare: Matthew
2:20, Matthew
2:22. See App-23.
take =
take with [thee].
will seek =
is on the point of seeking.
took =
took with [him].
death =
end. Greek. teleute. Occurs only here.
that =
in order that.
spoken. As
well as written. Compare Matthew
2:5 and Matthew
2:23.
of =
by. Greek. hupo. See App-104.
Out of Egypt, &c. Quoted
from Hosea
11:1. See App-107.
have I called =
did I call.
Verse 16
saw. App-133.
mocked =
deceived.
wroth. Greek. thumoomai. Occurs
only here.
all. The
number could not have been great.
children =
boys. Plural of pais. App-108.
coasts =
borders.
two years. Greek. dietes. Occurs
only in Matthew. It was now nearly two years since the birth at Bethlehem. Herod
had inquired very accurately, Matthew
2:7. See notes on Matthew
2:1 and Matthew
2:11. The wise men found a pais, not a brephos (see App-108.
), as the shepherds did (Luke
2:16).
of =
from. Greek. p"ara. App-104.
Verse 17
spoken. As
well as written.
by =
by means of. Greek. hupo (App-104.), but all the critical texts read dia.
Jeremy =
Jeremiah. Quoted from Jeremiah
31:15. See App-107.
Verse 18
Rama =
Ramah in O.T.
lamentation. Greek. threnos. Occurs
only here.
children. Greek
plural of teknon. App-108.
Verse 20
they. Note
the Figure of speech Heterosis (of Number), App-6, by which the plural is put
for the singular.: i.e. Herod.
life =
the soul. Greek. e psuche.
Verse 22
Archelaus. See
App-109.
in =
over. Greek. epi. See App-104. L T [Tr. ] [A] WH omit epi.
in the room of =
instead of. Greek. anti. App-104.
turned aside =
departed, as in verses: Matthew
2:12, Matthew
2:13.
Galilee. The
region north of Samaria, including the Plain of Esdraelon and mountains north of
it. App-169.
Verse 23
dwelt =
settled.
in. Greek. eis.
Nazareth. His
former residence. App-169. TheAramaic name. See App-94. See note on verses: Matthew
2:1, Matthew
2:11, in, and Luke
2:39.
that =
so that.
spoken. It
does not say "written". It is
not "an unsolved difficulty", as alleged. The prophecy had been uttered by more
than one prophet; therefore the reference to the Hebrew nezer ( = a branch) is
useless, as it is used of Christ only by Isaiah (Isaiah
11:1; Isaiah
60:21), and it was "spoken" by "the prophets" (plural) Note
the Figure of speech Hysteresis. App-6.
Chapter 3
Verse 1
In = And in. Greek. en de. See App-104.
In those days. Hebrew idiom for an indefinite time (Exodus
2:11, Exodus
2:23. Isaiah
38:1, &c): while the Lord, being grown up, was still dwelling in
Nazareth. App-169. Compare Matthew
2:23.
came. Greek comes: i.e. presenteth himself.
came John, &c. Because "the word of God" had come to him (Luke
3:2).
John the Baptist = John the baptizer.
preaching = proclaiming as a herald. App-121.
in. Greek. en. App-104.
wilderness = country parts, which were not without towns or villages. David
passed much of his time there. So John, probably in some occupation also; John
now thirty years old. He was the last and greatest of the prophets, and would
have been reckoned as Elijah himself, or as an Elijah (Matthew
11:14. Compare Malachi
3:1; Malachi
4:5) had the nation obeyed his proclamation.
Verse 2
Repent. Greek. metanoeo. See App-111.
the kingdom of heaven. See App-114.
of. Genitive of origin = from. App-17.
heaven = the heavens (plural) See note on Matthew
6:9, Matthew
6:10.
is at hand = had drawn nigh. What draws nigh may withdraw. See Matthew
21:43. Acts
1:6; Acts
3:20.
Verse 3
spoken. As well as written.
by. Greek. hupo. App-104., but all the Greek texts read "dia".
Esaias = Isaiah. The first of twenty-one occurrences of the name in N.T. See
App-79.
The voice, &c. Quoted from Isaiah
40:3. See note there. App-107.
the LORD = Jehovah in Isaiah
40:3. See App-98.
Verse 4
had his raiment, &c. Compare 2
Kings 1:8.
leathern girdle. Worn to-day by peasants in Palestine.
meat = food.
locusts. Locusts form the food of the people today; and, being provided for in
the Law, are
Verse 5
to = unto. Greek. pros. App-104.
Jerusalem . . . Judeea. Put by Figure of speech Metonymy (of Subject), App-6,
for their inhabitants.
all. Put by Figure of speech Synecdoche (of Genus), for the greater part.
all the region. Put by Figure of speech Synecdoche (of the Whole), for the
greater part of the country.
Verse 6
were baptized = were being baptized.
baptized of. See App-115.
of = by. Greek. hupo. App-104.
Verse 7
Pharisees and Sadducees. See App-120.
saw. App-133.
come = coming.
baptism. See App-115.
generation = brood or offspring.
vipers = serpents. Not ordinary snakes, but venomous vipers.
who . . . ? Figure of speech Erotesis (App-6), for emphasis.
warned, &c. = forewarned; or who hath suggested or given you the hint?
from = away from. Greek. apo. App-104.
the Wrath to come. The reference is to Ma Matthew
1:4, Matthew
1:1. The coming of Messiah was always connected with judgment; which
would have come to pass had the nation repented at the preaching of "them that
heard Him" (Hebrews
2:3. Compare Matthew
22:4). The "times of refreshing", and "the restoration of all things"
of Acts
3:19-26, would have followed. Hence 1
Thessalonians 1:10; 1
Thessalonians 2:16; 1
Thessalonians 5:9. See notes there; and compare Matthew
10:23; Matthew
16:28; Matthew
24:34. Luke
21:22, Luke
21:23. Acts
28:25, Acts
28:28.
to come = about to come.
Verse 8
meet for = worthy of.
Verse 9
think = think not for a moment (Aorist). This is an idiom to be frequently met
with in the Jerusalem Talmud = be not of that opinion.
not. Greek. me. App-105.
within = among. Greek. en. App-104.
We have, &c. Compare John
8:39. Romans
4:1-6; Romans
9:7. Galatians
1:3, Galatians
1:9.
God. App-98.
of = out of. Greek. ek. App-104.
children. Greek plural of teknon. App-108.
Verse 10
now = already.
also. Omitted by all the texts (App-94.)
is laid = is lying at. The Jerusalem Talmud (Beracoth, fo Matthew
1:5, Matthew
1:1) refers Isaiah
10:33, Isaiah
10:34 to the destruction of Jerusalem; and argues from Isaiah
11:1 that Messiah would be born shortly before it
unto = at. Greek. pros. App-104.
is hewn down = getteth hewn down.
Verse 11
with. Greek. en. The literal rendering of the Hebrew (Beth = B). Matthew
7:6; Matthew
9:34. Romans
15:6. 1
Corinthians 4:21, &c.
shoes = sandals.
worthy = fit or equal. Not the same word as "meet for" in Matthew
3:8.
bear = bring or fetch. Mark: "stoop down and unloose". Luke: "unloose". Probably
repeated often in different forms.
He shall baptize. "He" is emph. = He Himself will, and no other. See App-115.
See Acts
1:4, Acts
1:5; Acts
2:3; Acts
11:15. Isaiah
44:3. Compare Ezekiel
36:26, Ezekiel
36:27. Joel
2:28.
baptize . . . with. See App-115.
the Holy Ghost = pneuma hagion, holy spirit, or "power from on high". No
Articles. See App-101.
fire. See Acts
2:3. Note the Figure of speech Hendiadys (App-6) = with pneuma hagion
= yea, with a burning (or purifying) spirit too, separating the chaff from the
wheat (Matthew
3:12), not mingling them together in water. "Fire" in Matthew
3:11. Matthew
3:35 symbolic (see Isaiah
4:3. Ma Matthew
1:3, Matthew
1:1-4; Matthew
4:1. Compare Psalms
1:4; Psalms
35:5. Isaiah
17:13; Isaiah
30:24; Isaiah
41:16. Jeremiah
51:2. Hosea
13:3). In Matthew
3:12, the "fire" is literal; for destroying, not for purging. Note
the seven emblems of the Spirit (or of pneuma hagion) in Scripture. "FIRE" (Matthew
3:11. Acts
2:3); "WATER" (Ezekiel
36:25. John
3:5; John
7:38, John
7:39); "WIND" (Ezekiel
37:1-10); "OIL" (Isaiah
61:1. Hebrews
1:9); a "SEAL" (Ephesians
1:13; Ephesians
4:30); an "EARNEST" (Ephesians
1:14); a "DOVE" (Matthew
3:16).
Verse 12
fan = winnowing shovel. God fans to get rid of the chaff; Satan sifts to get rid
of the wheat (Luke
22:31).
thoroughly = thoroughly.
floor = threshing-floor.
gather = gather together.
burn up. Greek. katakaio = burn down, or quite up.
Verse 13
Jesus. See App-98.
from = away from. Greek. apo.
Jordan = the Jordan.
Verse 14
forbad = was hindering. Greek. diakoluo. Occurs only here.
Verse 15
it to be so: or, supply the Ellipsis by "[Me]". The Lord was now, and here,
recognized by John ().
thus. In fulfilling this duty.
it becometh us. This duty was incumbent on John as the minister of that
Dispensation; likewise on the Lord: hence the word "thus". The reason is given
in John
1:31.
all righteousness: or every claim of righteous duty. This was the anointing of
Messiah (see note on Matthew
3:17), and anointing was accompanied by washing or immersion (Exodus
29:4-7; Exodus
40:12. Leviticus
8:6).
Verse 16
out of = away from. Greek. apo. App-104.
from. Greek. apo.
lo. Figure of speech Asterismos (App-6), for emphasis.
He saw: i.e. the Lord saw.
the Spirit of God. Note the Articles, and see App-101.
God. See App-98.
like = as if. Greek. hosei = sis it were (not homoios = resembling in form or
appearance): referring to the descent, not to bodily form as in Mark
1:10. In Luke
3:22 hosei may still be connected with the manner of descent, the
bodily form referring to the Spirit.
dove. See note on "fire", Matthew
3:11.
lighting = coming.
upon. Greek. epi. App-104.
Verse 17
a voice. There were two voices: the first "Thou art", &c. (Mark
1:11. Luke
3:22), while the Spirit in bodily form was descending; the second
(introduced by the word "lo"), "this is", &c, after it remained ("abode", John
1:32). This latter speaking is mentioned by John for the same reason
as that given in John
12:30. Only one voice at the Transfiguration.
from = out of. Greek. ek. App-104.
My beloved Son. Not Joseph"s or Mary"s son = My Son, the beloved [Son]. See
App-99.
in. See note on "with", Matthew
3:11.
I am, well pleased = I have found delight. Hebrew idiom, as in 2
Samuel 22:20. Psalms
51:16. Compare Isaiah
42:1. Isaiah
12:18. "This is My beloved Son" was the Divine formula of anointing
Messiah for the office of Prophet (Matthew
3:17); also for that of Priest (Matthew
17:5. See App-149); and "Thou art My Son" for that of King (Psalms
2:7. Acts
13:33. Hebrews
1:5; Hebrews
5:5).
Chapter 4
Verse 1
Then. Immediately
after His anointing as Messiah, "the
second man" (1
Corinthians 15:47), "the last Adam" (1
Corinthians 15:45), must be tried like "the first man Adam" (1
Corinthians 15:45, 1
Corinthians 15:47), and in the same three ways (1
John 2:16. Compare with Genesis
3:6).
Jesus. See
App-98.
of =
by. Greek. hupo. App-104.
the Spirit. App-101.
into. Greek. eis. App-104.
wilderness. The
first man was in the garden; Messiah"s trial was in the wilderness, and His
agony in a garden. Contrast Israel: fed with manna and disobedient, Christ
hungered and obedient.
tempted =
tried, or put to the test. Greek. peirazo; from peiro, to pierce through, so as
to test.
Verse 2
forty. The
number of probation (App-10).
nights. Joined
thus with "days", are complete
periods of twenty-four hours. See App-144.
Verse 3
when. . . came, &c.=
having approached Him and said.
the tempter= he
who was tempting Him. See App-116.
came to Him : as
to our first parents, Adam and Eve, App-119.
he said. See
App-116 for the two sets of three temptations, under different circumstances,
with different words and expressions; and, in a different order in Matthew 4
from that in Luke 4. It is nowhere said that there were "three" or
only three; as it is nowhere said that there were "three" wise men in Matthew 2.
If. Greek ei, with
the indicative mood, assuming and taking it for granted as an actual fact.
" If Thou art ? " App-118.
Same as in Matthew
4:6, but not the same as in Matthew
4:9.
the Son of God. Compare
this with Matthew
3:17, on which the question is based. See App-98.
command that =
speak, in order that.
these stones: in
this the fourth temptation; but in the first temptation = "this
stone" (Luke
4:3).
be made =
become.
bread =
loaves.
Verse 4
It is written =
It standeth written. This is the Lord"s first ministerial utterance; three
times. Compare the last three (John
17:8, John
17:14, John
17:17). The appeal is not to the spoken voice (Matthew
3:17) but to the written Word. Quoted from Deuteronomy
8:3. See App-107 and App-117.
Man. Greek. anthropos. App-123.
by =
upon. Greek. epi. App-104.
alone =
only.
word =
utterance. out of = by means of, or through. Greek. dia. App-104. Matthew
4:1. Note the connection of the "hunger" and
the "forty" days here, and the same in Deuteronomy
8:3.
God. See
App-98.
Verse 5
Then. The
fifth temptation. See App-116.
taketh. Greek. paralambano. Compare ago, of Luke
4:9. See the usage of paralambano, Matthew
17:1, implying authority and constraint This is the third
temptation in Luke (Luke
4:9), and the difference of the order is explained in App-116.
Both Gospels are correct and true.
the holy city. So
called in Matthew
27:53. Revelation
11:2. Nehemiah
11:1. Isaiah
48:2; Isaiah
52:1. Daniel
9:44. The Arabs still call it El Kuds = the holy place. It was
so called on account of the Sanctuary.
holy. See
note on Exodus
3:5.
a pinnacle =
the wing. Greek. to pterugion, used of that part of the Temple (or Holy Place)
where "the abomination of desolation" is
to stand, according to Theodotion (a fourth reviser of the Sept about the middle
of cent. 2). See note on Daniel
9:27; and compare Luke
4:9 and Matthew
24:15.
temple =
the temple buildings; not naoa, the house itself or Sanctuary. See note on Matthew
23:16.
Verse 6
cast Thyself down. An
attempt upon His life. See App-23, and note on Matthew
23:16.
it is written. Satan
can quote Scripture and garble it by omitting the essential words "to
keep Thee in all Thy ways", and by adding "at any time". Quoted from Psalms
91:11, Psalms
91:12 (not Matthew
4:13; see note there).
in =
upon. Greek. epi, as "on" in Matthew
4:5.
against. Greek. pros. App-104.
Verse 7
Thou, &c. Quoted
from Deuteronomy
6:16 (App-107. c).
not. Greek. ou. See
App-105.
tempt. Note
the words which follow: "as ye tempted
Him in Massah". A reference to Exodus
17:7 shows that there it was to doubt Jehovah"s presence and
care. It was the same here.
the LORD =
Jehovah.
Verse 8
Again, &c This
should be "The devil taketh Him again",
implying that he had taken Him there before, as "It is written again" in Matthew
4:7. See App-117. This is the second temptation in Luke (Luke
4:5).
taketh. As
in Matthew
4:5; not anago, "leadeth
up", as in Luke
4:5.
exceeding. Not
so in Luke
4:5; because there it is only oikoumene, the inhabited world,
or Roman empire (App-129.); here it is kosmos (App-129.)
kingdoms. See
App-112.
world. Greek. kosmos, the
whole world as created. See App-129.
Verse 9
All these. Compare Luke
4:6 and see App-116.
if. See
App-118. Not the same as in Matthew
4:3 and Matthew
4:6.
wilt fall down. Not
in Luke.
worship =
do homage. App-137.
Verse 10
Get thee hence =
Go! This is the end, and the Lord ends it. In Luke
4:13, after the third temptation, Satan "departed" of
his own accord and only "for a season". Here, after the last, Satan is summarily
dismissed, not to return. See App-116.
Satan =
the Adversary. Septuagint for Hebrew. Satan.
Thou shalt, &c. Quoted
from Deuteronomy
11:3, Deuteronomy
11:4. See App-107, and App-117.
only =
alone, as in Matthew
4:4. Quoted from Deuteronomy
6:13; where the possession of the earth (Matthew
4:10) depends on loyalty to God (Matthew
4:12), Who gives it (Matthew
4:10); and on obedience to Him (verses: Matthew
4:17, Matthew
4:18).
Verse 11
behold. Figure
of speech Asterismos (App-6), for emphasis.
angels came, &c. Thus
closing the whole of the Temptations. No such ministration at the end of the
third temptation in Luke
4:13.
Verse 12
cast into prison =
delivered up. There is no Greek for "into" or
"prison". No disciples had yet been called (verses: ); therefore John could not
yet have been in prison; for, after the calling of disciples (John
2:2, John
2:11) John was "not yet cast into prison"(John
3:24, eis ten phulaken). There is no "inaccuracy"or
"confusion". Paradidomi is rendered "cast (or put) in prison" only here and Mark
1:14, out of 122 occurrences. It means "to deliver up", and is
so rendered ten times, and "deliver" fifty-three times. Compare Matthew
5:25; Matthew
10:17, Matthew
10:19, Matthew
10:21; Matthew
24:9, &c. The "not yet" of John
3:24 (Greek. oupo. App-105.) implies that previous attempts
and perhaps official inquiries had been made, following probably on the
unofficial inquiry of John
1:19-27. John"s being "delivered up" may have led to this
departure of Jesus from Judea. Christ"s ministry is commenced at Matthew
4:12. Mark
1:14. Luke
4:14 and John
1:35, before the call of any disciples.
departed =
withdrew.
Verse 13
in =
at. Greek. eis App-104.
Capernaum. Jewish
authorities identify Kaphir Nakhum with Kaphir Temkhum, since corrupted into the
modern Tell Hum. App-169. A Synagogue has been discovered in the present ruins.
For events at Capernaum, see Matthew 8, Matthew 9, Matthew 17, Matthew 18. Mark
1.
upon the sea coast. Greek. parathalassios. Occurs
only here.
Verse 14
That =
In order that.
spoken. As
well as written.
by =
by means of. Greek. dia.
Esaias =
Isaiah.
Verse 15
The land, &c. Quoted
from Isaiah
9:1, Isaiah
9:2. See App-107. "Land" is
nom., not vocative.
Galilee. See
App-169.
Gentiles =
nations.
Verse 16
sat =
was sitting.
saw. App-133.:1.
light. App-130.
the region and shadow, &c. Figure
of speech Hendiadys (App-6) = "darkness,
[yea] the dark shadow of death", or death"s darkness.
sprung up =
risen for them.
Verse 17
From. Gk. apo. App-104.
From that time. Each
portion of the Lord"s fourfold ministry had a distinct beginning or ending. See
the Structure (above).
preach =
proclaim. See App-121.
Repent. Greek. metanoeo. App-111.
the kingdom of heaven. See
App-114.
heaven =
the heavens. See notes on Matthew
6:9, Matthew
6:10.
is at hand =
is drawn nigh.
Verse 18
by =
beside. Greek. para. App-104.
a net =
a large net. Greek. amphiblestron. Not the same word as in Matthew
4:20, or Matthew
13:47.
Verse 19
fishers of men. A
Talmudic expression: "A fisher of the
Law" (Maimonides, Torah, cap. I).
Verse 20
nets. Plural diktuon. Not
the same word as in Matthew
4:18, or Matthew
13:47.
Verse 21
other. Greek. allos. App-124.
James . . . John. See
App-141.
Zebedee. Aramaean.
See App-94.
a =
the. These calls were to discipleship, not apostleship.
with. Greek. meta. App-104.
mending =
setting in order. See App-125.
Verse 23
all =
the whole. Put by Pig. Synecdoche (of the Whole) for all parts. App-6.
synagogues. See
App-120.
the gospel =
the glad tidings.
of =
relating to.
all manner of =
every. Put by Pig. Synecdoche (of the Whole), for some of all kinds.
disease. Greek. malakia. Occurs
only in Matthew: here; Matthew
9:35; Matthew
10:1.
fame =
hearing. Put by Figure of speech Metonymy (of the Adjunct), App-6, for what was
heard.
throughout =
unto. Greek. eis.
diseases. Greek. nosos, translated
sickness in Matthew
4:23.
devils =
demons. Compare Matthew
12:26, Matthew
12:27. Mark
3:22, Mark
3:26.
were lunatick. Greek. seleniazomai. Occurs
only here, and Matthew
17:15. From selene = the moon.
Verse 25
Galilee. App-169.
and. Note
the Figure of speech Polysyndeton. App-6.