Christian Churches of God

[F043]

 

 

 

Insiguro kuri Yohana:

Intangamarara n’Igice ca 1

(Canditswe 1.0 20220812-20220812)

 

 

 

 

Insiguro ku Bigabane vya 1-4.

 

 

 

Christian Churches of God

Agasandugu ka Posita 369, WODEN ACT 2606, AUSTRALIA

 

Courriel : secretary@ccg.org

 

 

(Copyright ã 2022 Wade Cox)

(Tr. 2023)

 

Izi nyigisho zishobora gukopororwa no gukwiragizwa k’ubuntu atakiguzi gisabwe mu gihe atacongeweko canke atagikuwemwo muri rusangi. Izina ry’Umwanditsi co kimwe n’ibimuranga hamwe n’uburenganzira bw’umwanditsi bisaba kugumizwamwo. Nta kiguzi gisabwa kuri uwo wese ahawe amakopi. Amajambo magufi arashobora kwandikwa mu gusobanura neza no kuyasubiramwo neza mu gihe bitononye uburenganzira bw’umwanditsi.

 

Iki cigwa turagisanga no ku buhinga ngurukanabumenyi kuri :
http://logon.org/ na http://ccg.org/

 


 Insiguro kuri Yohana, Intangamarara n’Igice ca 1 [F043]

 


Intangamarara

Imvugo y’inyandiko za kino gihe irondera kugabanya akamaro, ikibanza n’igihe ubu Butumwa Bwiza bwa Kane bwandikiwemwo. Bamwe mbere baragerageje gutandukanya Yohana mwene Zebedayo na Yohana w’i Efeso. Inkuru zimwe zibugira ubwa kane, ariko inyandiko z’iminwe za kera (MSS) nk’izitwa Codex Bezae (D) n’izitwa Washington Codex (W) zishira ubu Butumwa Bwiza bubiri, Matayo na Yohana, ubwa mbere, hagakurikira Mariko na Luka. Ukugene Ubutumwa Bwiza bukurikirana turabisanga mu Nsiguro k’Ubutumwa Bwiza bwa Matayo (F040i) no mw’Ivugururwa rya Mariko (F041) na Luka (F042) bikaba vyanditswe na Petero na Paulo bakurikirana, mu ntangamarara z’Ubutumwa Bwiza.

 

Dufatiye ku cigwa F040i : "Imvugo ya kera yerekeye Ubutumwa Bwiza ivuga ko Matayo bwoba ari bwo bwa mbere ishingiye kuvyavuzwe na Papius (ikinjana ca II), bikavugwa n’uwitwa Eusèbe (Histoire de l’Église. III, 39.16). Vyaravuzwe ko Matayo yari yanditse mu giheburayo kandi imvugo yakoreshwa kuvyo yanditse yari yitwa logion canke ubuhanuzi. Ubutumwa Bwiza bwa Matayo bwarakoreshejwe na bamwe, nk’aba Ébionites, mu buryo bwihariye, bikaba vyaratumye haba amakosa mu vyo bizera. Papius ubwiwe, mu vyo yanditse, bivugwa na Eusèbe, bishira Ubutumwa Bwiza bwa Mariko imbere y’ubwa Matayo kandi biranebagurwa/birirengagizwa n’abanyabwenge, Ibikomeye (ibid) tubisanga ku rupapuro rwa 303, col. 2. Uku kwihenda kwarashikiye na Augustin maze kwinjira no mu mashengero.

 

Turabona ibindi vyemezo kuvy’urutonde rw’ubutumwa bwiza mu vyegeranijwe mu cibutso c’imva c’ahitwa Galla Placidia inyuma y’urusengero rwitwa San Vitale rw’i Ravenne. Uwahahambwe yari mushiki w’Umwami w’Abami Honorius, yatwara mu Burengero. Yakunda gutembera cane ariko apfa gato imbere y’uko yubakirwa icibutso ciwe. Igenekerezo vyegeranirijweko ryari circa. 440 IC. Ivyo vyegeranijwe vyiswe (mosaïque) ni ububiko bw’ibitabo bwa kera bw’amafokwe. Ubwo bubiko bwerekana Ubutumwa bwiza gutya :

Marcus Lucas

Matteus Ioannes

Ivyo vyakozwe inyuma y’ikinjana habaye inama y’ahitwa Nicée, mu mwaka wa 325 IC, neza na neza inyuma y’imyaka icenda habaye inama y’i Efeso, mu mwaka wa 431 IC. Ubwo bubiko buza imbere gato y’iyemezwa y’ivya Augustin bishingiye ku gikorwa ca Papius, birengagije ivyo Papius avuga kuri Mariko ubwa mbere. Yagereranya ko Matayo aza ubwa mbere, hama Mariko agakurikira, hama Luka na Yohana. Ukuri n’uko Mariko yitangiye imbere ya Matayo maze Matayo akandika afatiye ku vyo Mariko yanditse kandi yanditse mu giheburayo, ari navyo vyarungitswe muri Aziya maze bisobanurwa mu kigiriki, mu ki arameyene munyuma naho mu carabu. Ubutumwa Bwiza bwiwe yagiye abujanye mu Buhindi agiye gutanguzayo ishengero (cf. 122D).

 

Izindi ntonde zirahari kuvyandikishijwe intoke vyerekana izindi ntonde nk’uko amazina y’intumwa aza imbere, nk’uko tubibona mu rutonde gwa Clermont ruva muri Egiputa circa. Umwaka wa 300 IC, n’uru : Matayo, Yohana, Mariko, Luka, canke urutonde gwa Cheltenham gwatowe na Mommsen mu mwaka wa 1885, kenshi gwitwa urutonde gwa Mommsen, ruva muri Afirika y’Uburaruko circa. Umwaka wa 360 IC." Izindi ndanzi tuzisanga mu cigwa (F040i).

 

Indanzi ya kera cane ku nyandiko za Yohana bivugwa ko iva mu bimanyu vya papyrus yo muri egiputa vyerekanywe na C.H. Roberts mu mwaka wa 1934. Yavumbuye ico kimanyu cariko inyandiko zo muri Yohana 18:31-33 inyuma naho hari Yohana 18:37-38. Bapimye ico kimanyu vyatumye babona ko igihe candikwa hari hagati y’umwaka wa 125 na 130 IC. Izi nyandiko nizo zerekana neza ko Yohana yanditswe imbere y’umwaka wa 125 kandi zari zizwi neza muri Egiputa ico gihe. Iryo vumburwa, riremezwa, ko Ubutumwa Bwiza bwa Yohana bwanditswe imbere y’umwaka wa 125 IC kandi birahari muri Egiputa kandi birakoreshwa nk’isoko ry’inkuru z’imbere y’umwaka wa 125 IC. Ivyo kandi birerekana ko bwanditswe imbere y’Ivyahishuwe. A. Remmers yanditse ati : "Iyi papyrus yabitswe i Manchester mu bubiko bw’ibitabo bwa John Ryland ikaba ifise indanzi ya P52. [1]"

 

Imvugo, igihe n’insobanuro

Clément w’ahitwa Alexandrie avuga ko "Yohana yanditse ubutumwa bw’impwemu" (Eusèbe, Hist. eccl. 6.14.7). Kuva ico gihe, abasomyi baciye batangura kufata ko ubwo Butumwa Bwiza atari inkuru nk’uko Ubundi Butumwa Bwiza buri. Ariko ibi ntabwo ari ukuri. Ariko ahenshi muri Yohana hafatwa nk’ahasa nk’uko ari inkuru zerekeye Yesu gusumba ibindi vyanditswe. Iz’agaciro cane zerekeye nk’akarorero ikiringo c’ivugabutumwa ryiwe : mu nyandiko za Yohana, Yesu yakoze ivugabutumwa nk’ikiringo c’imyaka ibiri n’inusu, ariko mu bundi butumwa bwiza bo berekana umwaka umwe. Muri Yohana, tubona Yesu yagiye mu misi mikuru myinshi i Yerusalemu, harimwo imisi mikuru ya Pasika itatu (2:13 ; 6:4 ; 11:55). Ivugabutumwa nyaryo ry’imyaka myinshi aha ni ryo ry’ukuri. Ubutumwa Bwiza bwose buhuriza hamwe mu kuvuga inkuru y’iryo vugabutumwa. Ubutumwa Bwiza bwose burafise intumbero yabwo. Yohana yitwararitse cane gusigura ibikorwa n’intumbero y’ukwihindura umuntu kwa Yesu. Ni vyiza gutahura Ikimenyetso ca Yona mu gikorwa ca Yohana n’ica Kristo nk’uko dushobora kubibona mu cigwa Insiguro kuri Yona (F032) n’ikindi kandi Ikimenyetso ca Yona n’Inkuru y’Isubirakwubakwa ry’Urusengero (No. 013). Ibikorwa vy’ishengero ry’i Yerusalemu inyuma y’urupfu gwa Yakobo mu mwaka wa 63/64 IC n’ibikorwa vyabo, mu guhungira i Pella, n’ikimenyamenya ko Ubutumwa Bwiza bwariho imbere y’ico gihe imbere kandi y’Isamburwa ry’Urusengero mu mwaka wa 70 IC n’isano bifitaniye n’ubuhanuzi bwo muri Daniyeli Ikigabane ca 9 n’Ikimenyetso ca Yona (F027ix) (soma kandi Intambara na Roma n’Isamburwa ry’Urusengero (No. 298)). N’ikimenyamenya ciza ku bijanye n’Ikimenyetso. Aho kuba gutyo, abaporoti bo kuva mu kinjana ca XIV gushika mu ca XVII, banditse iciswe Textus Receptus, hama mu nyuma Bibiliya yitwa KJV, baritwararitse cane guhuza ivyo vyanditswe na Daniyeli 9:24-27 (n’izindi nyandiko nyinshi z’ikigiriki) kw’irema, n’ivugabutumwa rya Kristo, mu ntumbero yo guhuvya, atari mu ntumbero yo gutahura Ikimenyetso ca Yona (F027ix). Ishengero ryo mu kinjana ca mbere ryasa nk’iritahura ibiringo vya mbere vy’Ikimenyetso ca Yona nko gushika mu mwaka wa 70/71 IC, n’aho ritatahuye Iherahezwa ry’Ikimenyetso ca Yona (No. 013B) gushika ku Ntambara z’Igihe c’Iherezo.

 

Ubutumwa Bwiza bwa Yohana ni bwo bwonyene buvuga neza kahise ko kuntwaro y’abaroma (11:48). Hariho ubundi budasa bwinshi kuvyagiye biraba kandi bw’akamaro. Aho ubundi butumwa bwiza bwivugira gusa ku vya Pasika yo mu mwaka wa 30 IC, Ubutumwa Bwiza bwa Yohana bwo buzwi nk’ubuterekana Yesu ariko asangira ivya Pasika n’abigishwa, nk’uko tubibona mu bundi Butumwa Bwiza. Ivyo vyarazanye ukuzazanirwa mu Mashengero y’Imana amw’amwe yo mu kinjana ca XX atatahura Pasika iyo ari yo yahimbajwe hisunzwe Ikirangamisi c’Urusengero. Uretse ivyo, ingaburo ya nyuma ya Yesu yabaye buca haba Pasika, nk’uko tubibona mi migirwa yo mu Gusubira mu Vyagezwe 16:5-8 aha hategekanya ko ihanga rya Isirayeli rija mu nzu y’imfatakibanza. Abizera ubutatu bahimbaza pasika y’ikinyoma Easter/Pâques n’ikirangamisi ca ya mana y’ingore Easter abo ntibashaka mbere no gutahura ivyabaye kuri Pasika y’umwaka wa 30 IC, ariyo yanyuma muri Pasika zitatu zanyuma dusanga muri ubu butumwa bwiza, n’ukuvuga imyaka ya 28, 29 na 30 IC. (Soma ivyigwa Imyaka ya Kristo Igihe Yabatizwa n’ikiringo c’Ivugabutumwa ryiwe (No. 019) soma kandi Igihe c’Ukubambwa n’Ukuzuka (No. 159). Mu Butumwa Bwiza bwa Yohana, tubona Yesu ari Umwagazi w’Imana yabambwe buca haba Pasika isaha icenda, ku wa 14 Abibu, ari wo wari umusi nyezina wo kubagirako umwagazi wa Pasika, kandi umwagazi wa mbere wabagwa isaha icenda wahabwa Umuherezi mukuru ukwo umwaka utashe (soma Josèphe (BJ. Igitabo. vi,3). Tahura kandi igenekerezo rya 14 Abibu umwaka wa 30 IC hisunzwe Ikirangamisi c’Urusengero (No. 156) (tutaravye ikirangamisi ca Hillel gikoreshwa n’Abayuda ba kino gihe cashizwe ahabona mu mwaka wa 358 IC gishingiye ku masubikwa n’ibinyoma bituruka muri babuloni vyashizwemwo na Hillel mu mwaka wa 344 IC afadikanije n’abigisha babiri bo muri babuloni. (Soma 195 ; 195B, 195C, 195D)). Amashengero y’Imana ntiyigeze akurikiza ico kirangamisi ca Hillel kuva kibayeho, kigashirwa ahabona mu mwaka wa 358 IC, gushika aho abigira abayuda bagishiriye mu Mashengero y’Imana mu myaka ya 1940, babigize n’impaka. Mu bundi Butumwa Bwiza, Ingaburo Yera bayifata nk’aho yari ingaburo ya pasika yahinduwe ukarisiya. Ariko yashizweho ngo wube umugirwa wa buri mwaka nk’isakaramentu rya kabiri ry’Ishengero (Amasakaramentu y’Ishengero (No. 150)). Ntaho bisa bisana n’isakaramentu ry’ihosiya n’amazi (hamwe hamwe n’umuvinyu) mu basenga izuba n’ibigirwamana bagasenga Bayari ku wa mungu dimanche.

 

Mu Butumwa Bwiza bwa kane, Yesu n’ishusho y’ukwihishura kw’Imana mw’isi nka elohim yo muri Zaburi 45:6-7 no mu Baheburayo 1:8-9 ; co kimwe na Zaburi 110:1 (soma No. 177 ; 178). Akamaro k’iyo mirongo yo mw’Isezerano rya Kera karirengagizwa canke kagatiturwa n’abaminuje bo mu bizera Ubutatu (soma ibiri mu vyigwa bikurikira Umugambi w’Agakiza (No. 001A) ; Ni gute Imana Icika Umuryango (No. 187) ; Ukubaho kw’Inyamo kwa Yesu Kristo (No. 243). Yarungitswe n’Imana, kandi kumenya ivyo, no kumenya ivyo yaremye, ni bwo Bugingo Budashira (Yohana 17:3 ; No. 133). Uwuzi Yesu, aba azi n’Imana (1:18 ; 14:9), kuko Yesu niyo Mana yonyene yavyawe (monogenes theos) nk’uko yabivuze, tubisanga muri 1:18 kandi uwumukurikiye akitondera Ivyagezwe vy’Imana n’ukwizera n’ugushingintahe kwa Kristo (Ivyahishuwe 12:17 ; 14:12), co kimwe n’ibwirizwa rya Yesu ryo gukunda abandi, no kuguma mu rukundo rw’Imana maze tukibera mu munezero ushitse (15:10). Ivyizerwa vyisanze bihabwa ubugingo budashira kandi vyizeza ikibanza iruhande ya Data n’Umwana (3:16 ; 8:51 ; 14:1-3). Ni co kimwe kandi, uwutizera ntakurikize ngo yitondere Amabwirizwa y’Imana uwo yaramaze gucirirwa urubanza (3:18). Uwutaguma muri Yesu "aracibwa nk’ishami" ricibwa rikuma maze rigaturirwa (15:6). Nimba abizera bahabwa ubugingo budashira m’Umuzuko wa Mbere (No. 143A), abanyavyaha, (abatizera ntibitondere Ivyagezwe vy’Imana n’Ugushingintahe n’Ukwizera kwa Yesu (Ivyahishuwe 12:17 ; 14:12)) abo bazopfa. Kuko Yohana arasigura ko icaha ari ukurenga ibwirizwa (1Yohana 3:4). Abanyavyaha bazopfira mu vyaha vyabo (8:24). Abanyavyaha nk’uko tubibona mu Vyahishuriwe Yohana, bazicwa n’Urupfu gwa Kabiri (No. 143C) ruzobaho kumpera y’Umuzuko wa Kabiri (No. 143B) mugihe batokwihana (Ivyahishuwe Ikigabane ca 20 F066v). Umuntu wese yizera ko niyapfa, azoja mw’ijuru abandi bakaja mu muriro utazima uyu ntabwo ari umukristo, kuko ukwo n’ukwizera kw’abasenga Bayari mubasenga Izuba n’ibigirwamana (soma kandi Justin Martyr, Dial. LXXX biri mu cigwa No. 143A). Izo nyigisho za gipagani zinjiye mu bayuda biciye mu nyigisho z’ubuzimire zaturutse ahitwa Alexandrie, kandi Yohana (na Kristo) barazigwanya bakazita hoi Ioudaioi, "Abayuda". Kristo yabita abiyita Abayuda atari bo (Ivyahishuwe 3:9). Ni bwo buhanuzi bwabaye ku Banyedomu igihe ca Maccabées nko mu mwaka wa 160 IIC, kandi vyotegerejwe kuguma biba gutyo, kuva kuri Herode n’aba Idumeyene i Yudaya, n’igihe c’Abaroma, n’igihe co gushika mu kinjana ca V igihe c’Abarabo n’Abanyafirika yo mu Buraruko, abafenisiya, Abanyakanani n’abo muri Egiputa, muri Espagne, hamwe no gushika mu kinjana ca VII igihe umunya Turikiya yitwa Khazzar Ashkenazi yinjiriye mw’idini ry’Abayuda mu mwaka wa 630 IC. Turavye kahise, Yesu n’abigishwa biwe bose bari abayuda. Birashika bikaba bitangaje kwumva Yesu wo muri Yohana avuga ko abana ba Aburahamu batizera ari abakomoka kuri wa mugwanizi (8:39-44). Yohana ubwiwe yari umulewi kandi yari kuba yambaye efodi. Ariko, mu Vyahishuriwe Yohana 3:9 harerekana amatati ashingiye kubigize umuntu ADN-Y vya none co kimwe na kahise (soma No. 212E). Abo bigira Abayuda ni bo bonona Ivyagezwe vy’Imana n’Ikirangamisi c’Urusengero bakoresheje imigenzo yabo, kandi n’ubu barabibandanya. Soma Umusi w’Uhoraho n’Imisi y’Iherezo (No. 192).

 

Bibiliya Nshasha Yitwa Oxford iravuga iti :

"Abanyabwenge baragwanya mbere n’ukugene aya majambo hoi Ioudaioi asobanurwa, kuko adahurizwako n’abayuda bose. Kuk’Ubutumwa Bwiza nabwo buratanga inyishu ya Yesu mu misozi y’i Galilaya hamwe n’urwanko rwagumye rukura hagati mu Bayuda i Yerusalemu, bamwe bagahitamwo "Abayuda" nk’aho ari yo nsobanuro ya hoi Ioudaioi. Hisunzwe iragi ry’abagwanya abayuda bakomeye muri kahise ko mu burengero, aha harabayemwo ingorane zo gusobanura nabi zikomeye. Ibivugwa k’ukugene Ubutumwa Bwiza bwanditswe, na cane cane mu mpera z’ikinjana ca XX, birasigura ikoreshwa rya nabi ry’ijambo "Abayuda" nk’aho umengo n’agakengerwe ku bizera Kristo bo mu masinagogi y’abayuda. Iyi mvugo ishingiye kw’ikoreshwa mu Butumwa Bwiza ry’ijambo ry’ikigiriki aposynagogos (risobanurwa, "hanze y’isinagogi"). Iri jambo rigaruka gatatu mu Butumwa Bwiza (9:22 ; 12:42 ; 16:2), ariko ntahandi riri mu nyandiko z’ikigiriki za kera. Mur’iyi myaka ya nyuma, imvugo yo kwirukanwa mw’isinagogi niyo yoba ibereye mu Butumwa Bwiza, kuko igereranya ko umuhezagiro w’abayuda b’igihe c’imbere werekana umuvumo w’abigishwa ba Yesu. Imvugo yo kwirukanwa mw’isinagogi ntiyisunga na gato ibiri mu Butumwa Bwiza. Nk’akarorero, 12:11 havuga abagenda kuko bavyigombeye atari kubera birukanywe. Hamwe hamwe, ijambo "Abayuda" rirakoreshwa nk’ibisanzwe, nk’akarorero haba imisi mikuru y’Abayuda Yesu aduga i Yerusalemu (5:1), canke Abayuda bari baje kwa Marita na Mariya kubirura kubwa musaza wa bo (11:19). Ico twomenya nuko Mariya na Marita, bari incuti zidasanzwe za Yesu, zikabandanya zigenderanira n’Abayuda – kandi na bo "ntibirukanwe mw’isinagogi". Ahandi henshi, imvugo "Abayuda" n’imvugo yerekana umurwi wagwanya Yesu, "abatizera" canke mbere "ab’isi". Muri rusangi, abanditse Ubutumwa Bwiza iyo bavuze "Abayuda" nk’abansi, baba bavuga abanyabwenge b’ivyanditswe n’abaherezi. Ariko kandi, abanyabwenge biyumvira ko ivyiyumviro vy’uko aruko birukanywe mw’isinagogi na vyo bishobora kuba ari vyo kugira ngo babuze abari bizeye Yesu ntibahagaruke (soma 1Yohana 2:19). Muri iyi mvugo, bisaba ko bitomorwa neza uko biba biri mu Butumwa Bwiza kuko usanga abantu bariko babifata muri izi mvugo zibiri. Mu yandi majambo, birashika abigishwa ba Yesu bakaba ari bo bikuye mw’isinagogi yabo bivuye kw’ishavu ryavuye k’ukudahuriza ku vya Yesu. Ivyerekeye ukwo "kwinubwa" ntaho vyerekana kubabara, ishavu n’agahahazo mu migwi ahubwo bisa n’ivyegeranye. Imwe mu mahangiro y’Ubutumwa Bwiza yoba yari ukwemeza n’ugukomeza ukwizera kw’abantu, nk’umuco w’ivyo bihe bigoye (soma 20:31, note b)." Colleen Conway

The New Oxford Annotated Bible avec les Apocrypha (pp. 1917-1920). Oxford University Press. Édition Kindle.

 

Mukuri n’ibintu bigoye cane kuburyo bikenewe ko harungikwa ba Bavugishwa inyuma y’ijwi rya Dani-Efurayimu (soma 1:19 kubandanya. ; Yeremiya 4:15-27 ; (No. 044)) mu Misi y’Iherezo (soma No. 135 ; 141D) gushika kw’Iherahezwa ry’Ikimenyetso ca Yona (No. 013B). Kristo yavuze ko tutazoba turaheza guhetura ibisagara vyose vya Isirayeli duhunga igihe Umwana w’Umuntu azoseruka ku bicu (Matayo 10:23) (F040ii).

 

Akamaro k’Ubutumwa Bwiza bwa Yohana gashingiye k’ukwerekana ikibanza ca Kristo nk’Umwana w’Imana uwahawe Isirayeli nk’iragi bivuye ku Mana Imwe y’Ukuri Eloah dusanga mu Gusubira mu Vyagezwe 32:8 (RSV pas KJV (soma No. 164F ; 164G)). Ubutumwa Bwiza buravuga Kristo, ariko ntibusigura neza ikibanza ciwe mu nyandiko za bibiliya. Yohana arerekana kandi agasigura mu majambo ashobora gutahurika ufatiye ku Vyanditswe ubwavyo, nk’uko Kristo abivuga, yar’umwana w’Imana (Gusubira mu Vyagezwe 32:8 ; Zaburi 45:6-7 ; 110:1 ; Abaheburayo 1:8-9) kandi indunduro y’abantu n’uko bazoba imana elohim canke theoi, kandi Ivyanditswe ntibishobora guhinduka (Yohana 10:34-36) (soma Abatoranijwe nka za Elohim (No. 001)). Ubutumwa Bwiza butangura buvuga Ukubaho kw’Inyamo kwa Yesu Kristo (No. 243) nka Jambo w’Imana (soma Amajambo y’Imana (No. 184)), uwo Jambo, kandi mu mirongo cumi n’umunani ya mbere harerekana imigenderanire ya Jambo nk’imana (elohim canke theos) yavuga mw’izina ry’Ikiri Imana Imwe y’Ukuri, atamuntu n’umwe yigeze ayibona, canke ngo yumve ijwi ryaYo (1:18 ; soma kandi 1Tim. 6:16) n’Imana (Eloah ; Ha Elohim ; Ho Theos canke Yahovih SHD 3069). Eloah ni Yo yonyene idapfa (Yohana 17:3 ; 1Tim. 6:16). Ni Elyon canke Isumba Vyose Elohim canke Imana kandi ni yo yarungitse Yesu Kristo ; kandi kuronka Ubugingo Budashira (No. 133) bishingiye k’ugutahura ivyo no kumenya iyo Mana. Ivyo bibazo ntivyigera bivugwa, kubera ko Ubutumwa Bwiza bwa Yohana ntibushobora gusobanurwa mu majambo y’abizera Ubutatu, kandi ntibabwigisha neza, kiretse, kunusura, nko mu bitabo nk’icitwa Concordance Concordant Literal New Testament de A.E. Knoch. Tuzobivugako ni twashika ku Kigabane ca 1. Muri Bibiliya ntahanditse canke ntahavuga ivy’Ubutatu, butigeze bubaho imbere y’umwaka wa 381 IC i Constantinople. Inyandiko zo muri Bibiliya yitwa KJV kuri 1Yohana 5:7 n’ikinyoma, kizwi neza mu bindi binyoma vyinshi (soma No. 164F).

 

Mw’Isezerano rya Kera, jambo yitwa Memra mu giheburayo. Mw’Isezerano Risha, Memra yitwa Logos kandi ikibanza ciwe gisigurwa ubwa mbere muri Yohana 1:1-18. Hisunzwe inyigisho zo mw’Isezerano rya Kera, Umumarayika w’Uhoraho n’umwana w’Imana, nka elohim, ari na we yahaye Ivyagezwe Mose ku musozi Sinayi bamaze kuva muri Egiputa. Yar’umwe mu Bana b’Imana, nk’uko tubibona muri Zaburi. Ivyo biremezwa na Stefano mw’Isezerano Risha mu Vyakozwe n’Intumwa imbere yuko yicishwa amabuye (Ivyakozwe n’Intumwa 7:30-53) uwundi abivuga ni Paulo (muri 1Ab’i Korinto 10:1-4) (soma Itanguriro 48:15-16 ; Umumarayika wa YHVH (No. 024)). Ishengero ry’Ubutatu ryarageze no ku rugero rwo gukuraho Ivyanditswe Vyera kugira ntibikoreshwe mu bitabo vyiswe, naho vyari vyibonekeza neza. Muri make, ukwanka Ubutatu vyahanishwa igihano co gupfa umanitswe, ndetse no kuburutwa n’amafarasi,ibi gushika mu kinjana ca XVII. Ndetse, n’ibijanye n’Irema na vyo vyarakuwemwo. Nk’akarorero, Ukuremwa kw’isi ab origine kwakozwe n’Icitwa Imana Imwe y’Ukuri, ariyo itegeka ingabo z’Abana b’Imana kugira ngo bose babe bahari igihe c’irema imbere y’inyenyeri zabo zo mu mutwenzi, tubisanga muri Yobu 38:4-7 ; Imigani 30:4-5. Abana b’Imana bitwa Ingabo z’Ijuru baja imbere y’Imana, kandi bari barimwo na Satani n’Ingabo zakororanywe na we imbere y’uko bakororwa (Yobu 1:6 ; 2:1). Ibi birirengagizwa n’amashengero menshi. Muri make, Bibiliya yitwa KJV yuzuyemwo amanyanga menshi n’ukwihenda mu gusobanura bagomba kwerekana kurema vyakozwe na Kristo, kandi bizwi ko ingabo z’ijuru elohim zari zihari igihe c’irema nk’uko biri mu kigabane ca 1 co mw’Itanguriro (soma kandi No. 164F, 164G).

 

Ico kiremwa, ari co cabaye Kristo, carerekanwe neza ko ari yo Mana y’Ihanga rya Isirayeli Zaburi 45:6-7 (soma Nos. 177 na 178) kandi ni Yesu Kristo, mu Baheburayo 1:8-9. N’umwe mu bagize igugu ry’imana elohim yotegerejwe kuba Umuherezi Mukuru w’Ingabo mu rukurikirane gwa Melkisedeki, nk’uko tubibona mu vyigwa Insiguro ku Baheburayo (F058) (soma Melkisedeki (No. 128)). Ni yo yar’intumbero yo kwigira umuntu kwiwe mu ntumbero y’Umugambi w’Agakiza (No. 001A).

 

Uhereye ku kigabane ca 1:19, ivyanditswe vyerekana ikibanza ca Yohana Umubatizi mu buhanuzi buvuga ikibanza ca Kristo n’ihangiro ryiwe. Hama, gushika ku kigabane ca 12, ibihanditse bibonekana nkaho ari igice ca mbere c’Ubutumwa Bwiza bwerekeye ikibanza ca Kristo mu butumwa no mwihishurwa ry’ikibanza ciwe, hama mu kigabane ca 13:1, haca havuga ivy’ugupfa n’ukuzuka. Aha n’ikibazo cerekeye ikimazi ciwe cavuzwe mu buhanuzi kikazanira agakiza ingabo zose z’ijuru n’abantu, hamwe n’ugusubira kwa Se kwiwe kugira arindire ko umugambi uhera. Igice ca nyuma cahishuriwe Kristo, maze biciye kuri we, abiha Yohana mu kizinga Patimo, kugira yandike ibijanye n’ukwo Guhishurwa [Ivyahishuriwe Yohana]. Ubwo Butumwa Bwiza bwahishuwe imbere y’isamburwa ry’Urusengero, igihe Yohana yagenda ubwa mbere i Efeso, aho, kubwabo, mbere hoba ari imbere, imbere mbere y’uko bava i Yerusalemu baja i Efeso. Ntidushobora kumenya igenekerezo nyezina vyabereyeko kiretse ni twabibwirwa igihe co mu Muzuko wa Mbere.

 

Ihinyanyurwa n’inyandiko

Nk’uko twabibonye, ibi vyanditswe biciwemwo ibihimba bikurubikuru bibiri. Ibigabane vyo kuva ku ca 1 gushika 12 bivuga ku mwanya Yesu yamaze mw’Isi, aho yakora ibitangaza kugira amenyekane ku bizera. Inyuma y’ukuzuka kwa Lazaro, yaciye aheraheza ivugabutumwa ryiwe atangura kuvuga isaha yiwe y’ukuninahazwa (12:20-50). Mu Kigabane ca 13:1, Yesu abwira abigishwa biwe ko isaha yo gusubira kwa Se ishitse, ari navyo vyerekana intango y’igice ca kabiri c’ubu Butumwa Bwiza. Ibigabane bisigaye vyerekana ingaburo yo gusezera ya Yesu n’ukwozanya ibirenge (No. 099), umukate n’umuvinyu (No. 100), hamwe n’abigishwa, aho yariko abiteguza ukugenda kwiwe (ibigabane 13-17), hagakurikira ugupfa n’ukuzuka (ibigabane vya 18-20), ugusozera (ikigabane ca 21). Uretse ahavuga ibimenyetso vya Yesu, igice ca mbere kirimwo ukwiyongera kw’amatati hagati ya Yesu n’abamugwanya, bari kumugambi wa nyuma wo kuzica Yesu (11:53). Iyo ngingo ikaba yatanguye inyuma y’ukuzuka kwa Lazaro, nakwo kukaba kwerekana ugupfa n’ukuzuka kwa Yesu. Birasa kandi n’ugusigirwa amavuta kwa Yesu i Betaniya bigizwe na Mariya, vyerekana ugushirwa mu mva kwiwe (12:7-8). Gutyo, ibigabane vya 11-12 igice ca mbere c’ubu Butumwa Bwiza, cerekeye ukuza kwa Yesu mw’isi n’ivugabutumwa ryiwe, n’igice ca kabiri, cerekeye ukuninahazwa kwiwe n’ukuduzwa kwiwe kwa Se. Ubu Butumwa Bwiza bwuzuyemwo imico myinshi n’inyandiko zitandukanye. Nk’akarorero, haravuga Yesu n’ibiyago yagiranye n’abantu benshi batandukanye, n’ahandi henshi hadondora ivya Yesu n’intumbero yiwe. Ivyo biyago vyiwe ntivyatahurwa kumwe ku bamwumva. Nk’akarorero, ivya Nikodemu (3:1-21) umusamariyakazi (4:1-42), aho Yesu yakoresha amajambo arimwo insobanuro zibiri, ni nk’uturorero. Ni co kimwe kandi, n’amajambo Yesu ubwiwe yakoresha kugira yivuge. Iyo mvugo yavyura ibibazo n’ibihari ku bamwumva. Kristo yakoresha imvugo ngo "Ndi we", vyari ibimenyetso (Kuvayo 3:14). Uyu Yesu wo muri Yohana mu kwivuga yigereranya n’ibintu vyo mu buzima bwa misi yose nk’umukate (6:35), umuco (8:12), umuryango (10:7), umwungere mwiza (10:11) umuzabibu w’ukuri (15:1). Hamwe hamwe, iyi mvugo irakorshwa ihinyitse. Yesu asigurira abamwumva kw’ari we zuka (11:25), inzira, ukuri n’ubugingo (14:6). Arerekana ivyiza vyubaka vy’umukiza. Akenshi, iyi mvugo ikoreshwa atabiboneka bikoreshejwe (8:28,58), icumvikana cane n’irijambo "Ndiho" ryo muri Kuvayo, aho Imana ivuga izina ryayo ikoresheje umugwa wa mbere w’irivuga kuba (Kuvayo 3:14). Izina Yahovah (SHD 3068) n’umuvugwa wa gatatu w’irivuga kuba risigura : Rugiravyose. Irya kabiri ni Yahovih (SHD 3069) abayuda barisoma nka Elohim ariko kandi ahagera 3068 ryasomwa nka Adonaï kandi vyatumye haba impinduka zigera kuri 134 muri TM bigizwe n’aba Sopherim (cf. No. 164F). Muri ubwo buryo, Kristo yerekana ko ari Umwana w’Imana nka Elohim y’Isirayeli mu Gusubira mu Vyagezwe 32:8 (RSV) (soma kandi No. 024). Umwidondoro wa Yesu turawusanga kandi mu mvugo zo mu butumwa bwiza zerekana ibikorwa bitangaje vya Yesu nk’ "ibimenyetso" vy’ikibanza ciwe. Mu butumwa bwiza, ibitangaza vya Yesu vyerekana ukuza kw’ubwami bw’Imana. Muri ubu Butumwa Bwiza bwa Yohana, ibimenyetso vyerekana ukuninahazwa kwa Yesu maze bigatuma abantu bamwizera. Kandi, benshi bahuriza hamwe mu kwemeza ko agahemo gaboneka nk’imvugo yakoreshejwe cane, aho benshi basanga bariko bamamaza ukuri kwa Yesu batabizi. Uturorero tubiri dukomeye n’imvugo ya Kayafa ku rupfu rwa Yesu apfira "abantu" (11:49-52), n’ikibazo ca Pilato : "Mbeg’ukuri n’iki ?" kandi yar’imbere ya Yesu ahejeje kwivuga ko ari we Kuri (18:38). Muri ibi vyanditswe, turabona henshi herekana ko Yesu ariwe ari Elohim ya Isirayeli, ari we yabakuye muri Egiputa kandi ko ari we yahaye Ivyagezwe Mose, kandi ko yari we Mesiya yavuzwe mu buhanuzi.

 

UBUTUMWA BWIZA NK’UKO BWANDITSWE NA YOHANA.

Ivyanditswe na E.W. Bullinger

UKWO IGITABO CANDITSWE MURI RUSANGI.

 

"EH’IMANA YANYU" (Yesaya 40:9).

INTEGUZA. Yohana 1:1-28.

UMUBATIZO : W’AMAZI. Yohana 1:29-34.

UBWAMI. Yohana 1:35 - Yohana 4:54.

UMWAMI. Jean 5:1 - Jean 6:71.

UMWAMI. Yohana 7:1 - Yohana 11:54.

UBWAMI. Yohana 11:54 - Yohana 18:1.

UMUBATIZO : W’UMUBABARO (URUPFU, UGUHAMBWA N’UKUZUKA). Yohana 18:2 - Yohana 20:31

ABASUBIRIZI. Yohana 21:1-25.

 

Kw’Isezerano Risha n’urutonde gw’Ibitabo vyaho, soma Ivyongeweko-95.

Kubudasa hagati y’ubu butumwa bwiza bune, soma Ivyongeweko-96.

K’ubumwe bw’ubu butumwa bwiza bune, soma Ivyongeweko-97.

Kucakane c’ivugabutumwa ry’Umwami, soma Ivyongeweko-119.

Ku majambo yihariye mu nyandiko za Yohana, soma amajambo 84 yanditswe mu vyongeweko.

 

Intumbero y’ijuru ku Butumwa Bwiza bwa Yohana n’iyo kwerekana Umwami Yesu nk’Imana. [Imana yahawe Isirayeli yo muri Zaburi 45:6-7 no mu Baheburayo 1:8-9 éd.]. Ni co kimenyetso c’ubudasa ntangere buri hagati y’ubu butumwa bwiza na butatu busigaye.

 

Vyarabonekanye ko mu butumwa bwiza butatu bwa mbere, Umwami Yesu yerekanwa nk’Umwami wa Isirayeli, Umushumba wa Yehova n’Umuntu w’icitegererezo kandi ko ivyabaye, amajambo n’ibikorwa vyatowe kuri buri butumwa bwiza, bukagira kandi ico buhuriyeko kiboneka.

 

Gutyo, berekana Umwami bisunze ugutungana kwiwe. Ni co bihuriyeko, ninayo mpamvu bwitwa "huriro", kandi k’ubudasa buri hagati yabwo, bufatiwe hamwe, n’Ubutumwa Bwiza bwa kane.

 

Vyobaye bitangaje iyo busa mu majambo no mu vyabaye vyose baravye ivyerekana ubutumwa bwiza butatu bwa mbere n’ivy’ubwa kane, aho bavuga ivy’ubumana bwiwe. Ico coteje ingorane nini.

 

Ubudasa bwinshi dusangamwo ntibuva ku kintu kimwe munyandiko canke mu nyubako runaka y’umw’umwe, ariko bishingiye ukuntu bavuga Umwami yesu ari nawe ntumbero y’Ubutumwa bwose ukwabwo.

 

Gutyo rero, mu nyubako y’Ubutumwa Bwiza bwa kane (tubona), tubugereranije na butatu bwa mbere, tubona hatabaye ukugeragezwa mu bugaragwa, canke ugusengana umubabaro mu murima. Impamvu iraboneka neza, kuko ivyo ntivyohuje neza n’intumbero y’ubu Butumwa Bwiza muri rusangi.

 

Kubw’iyo mvo nyene, aho dusanga ugukayangana kwa Yesu mu bundi butumwa bwiza butatu bwa mbere, aha muri Yohana ntabirimwo, kubera vyerekeye imibabaro n’ukuninahazwa kw’isi vy’Umwana w’umuntu (Ivyongeweko 98, XVI na 149), ariko kandi muri Yohana ukwerekanwa kw’Umwana w’Imana (Ivyongeweko 98 XV) kwerekeye ukuninahazwa kwiwe kwo mw’ijuru n’ukw’ibihe bidashira.

 

Ivyabaye Yohana ahurizako n’ubundi butumwa bwiza bwa mbere butatu n’ibintu bishika ku ndwi (Ivyongeweko-10), ni vyo vy’ibi :

Igikorwa ca Yohana Umubatizi.

Ingaburo ya nyuma.

Asigirwa amavuta i Betaniya.

Ugupfa, n’

Ukuzuka, n’

Ibitangaza bibiri : ukugaburira abantu 5000 n’ikindi co

Kugendera ku Mazi.

 

Mu bundi Butumwa bwiza, ibitangaza vyitwa ukwo nyene, canke "ibikorwa bihambaye", ariko muri Yohana vyitwa "ibimenyetso" (soma Ivyongeweko-176), kuko ntivyanditswe kubera vyabaye ariko ni kubw’akamaro kavyo, ariko kubw’igitigiri cavyo n’insiguro yavyo.

 

Muri Yohana, ni ubuntu bw’Umwami bwerekanwa, atari ibikorwa vyiwe; kandi ivugabutumwa ryiwe ryabereye cane i Yerusalemu n’i Yudaya, atari i Galilaya.

 

Ni yo mpamvu ukuja mu misi mikuru kw’Umwami ari ikintu gikomeye cane (Yohana 2:13-3:21 ; Yohana 5:1 ; Yohana 7:10 ; Yohana 10:22 ; Yohana 11:55, etc.) ; ni mu gihe ivugabutumwa ry’i Galilaya ritavuzwe cane, nk’uko tubibona muri (Yohana 6:1 ; Yohana 7:1 ; Yohana 10:40).

 

Ubwo budasa ntibushingiye kuvyiyumviro vy’idini vyerekeye igihe ca yohana, ariko bishingiye k’ukugene Umwami Yesu yama ari ibihe vyose.

 

IVYANDITSWE K’UBUTUMWA BWIZA BWA YOHANA

Intumbero ya Mpwemu Yera kubwa Yohana, mu kuntu avuga Mesiya, n’iyo kutubwira, twebwe n’abandi bose ati : "Eh’Imana yanyu" [Zaburi 45:6-7 éd] ; kandi Ubumana bwiwe burerekanwa muri ubu Butumwa Bwiza hose. Soma Yohana 1:3, Yohana 1:14, Yohana 1:33, Yohana 1:34, Yohana 1:49 ; Yohana 3:13, Yohana 3:14 ; Yohana 5:23, Yohana 5:26 ; Yohana 6:51, Yohana 6:62 ; Yohana 8:58 ; Yohana 13:33, &c. Ibi birerekanwa guhera mu ntango gushika mu mpera (Yohana 1:1 ; Yohana 20:28 ; Yohana 20:31).

 

Iyo ntumbero nyene n’iyo ndunduro nyene biri mu mwidondoro w’Umwami nk’uwufise ubushobozi mva juru bw'Ukumenya vyose. Ubwo bubasha ntibubuze no mu bundi butumwa bwiza, ariko bubonekana cane mu butumwa bwiza bwa kane kandi bukabonekana cane ahenshi muri bwo (soma igicapo co kurupapuro 1511 muri Bibiliya yitwa Companion Bible).

 

Mur’iyo ntumbero, ukwerekanwa kw’Umwami Yesu nk’Imana vyavuzwe mu majambo akomeye utosanga mu bundi butumwa bwiza. Hamwe hamwe haribonekeza cane. Ariko kubijanye n’amajambo akomeye yerekana ubu butumwa bwiza kandi tukayasanga no mu bundi butumwa bwiza, iciza co kuyakoresha kenshi ni vyo bituma haboneka uturorero twabonye ari naho twaronse ico tuhavugako. Ahenshi, igitigiri c’ivyabaye ni kinini gusumba mu bundi butumwa bwiza ubufatiye hamwe.

 

S’ugukoresha gusa amajambo vyerekana ako karanga k’Umwami Yesu, ariko kuba bitari ahandi n’ikintu gikomeye cane kandi cigisha. Muri make, co kimwe no muri Matayo na Luka Umwami Yesu aguma yitwa "Umwami", ariko si henshi muri Mariko, aha uca usanga hadahuye niyerekanwa ryiwe nk’Umushumba wa Yehova ; co kimwe no muri Yohana Umwami Yesu ntiyigeze yerekanwa nk’uwusenga Data, nk’uko biri mu bundi butumwa bwiza, ariko kenshi yasa nk’uwumuvugisha canke nk’uwumuyagisha. Ako karanga Ubutumwa Bwiza bwa kane, burakisangije bikaba bijanye n’intumbero yabwo. Ahandi, isengesho ryaba ar’iryihariye nk’iry’umwami (nko muri Matayo), kubijanye n’ububasha yahawe (Matayo 14:23 ; Matayo 26:36, Matayo 26:39, Matayo 26:42, Matayo 26:44) ; co kimwe no kubijanye n’ umushumba, kubijanye n’ugucabugufi kwiwe (Mariko 1:35 ; Mariko 6:46 ; Mariko 14:32, Mariko 14:35, Mariko 14:39) ; no kuba Umunyakaranga, kubijanye n’ukuyoborwa n’Imana umwanya wose (Luka 3:21 ; Luka 5:16 ; Luka 6:12 ; Luka 9:18, Luka 9:28, Luka 9:29 ; Luka 11:1 ; Luka 22:41, Luka 22:46).

 

Gutyo, aho mu bundi butumwa bwiza butatu bwa mbere Umwami Yesu yerekanwa nk’umuntu, nko mwisengesho ry’incuro umunani, kandi si hamwe gusa siko biri mu butumwa bwiza bwa Yohana. Kandi imvo irumvikana. Ikindi kandi, "atanga" ubugingo Bwiwe; atamuntu abumwatse. Ivyo tubisanga muri Yohana 6:50.

 

*****

Yohana, Ibigabane vya 1-4 (BY)

Ikigabane ca 1

1 Ubwa mbere na mbere Jambo yahoranye n’Imana, kand’uwo Jambo yar’Imana. Uwo yahoranye n’Imana ubwa mbere na mbere. Vyose vyaremwe na we, mu vyaremwe vyose nta kintu na kimwe kitaremwe na we. Muri we harimw’ubugingo, kand’ubwo bugingo bwar’umuco w’abantu. Uwo muco wakira mu mwiza, ariko umwiza ntiwawakiriye. Haje umuntu yatumwe n’Imana izina ryiwe ni Yohana. Uwo yazanywe no kuba igishingantahe, ngw’ashingire intahe umuco, kugira ngo bose bizere kubwiwe. Uwo si we wa muco, ariko kwar’ugushingira intahe umuco. Umuco w’ukuri, wakira umuntu wese, warik’uraza mur’iy’isi. 10 Yari mw’isi, kand’isi yaremwe na we, arikw’isi ntiyamumenya. 11 Yaje mu vyiwe, arikw’abiwe ntibamwakiriye. 12 Arikw’abamwakiriye bose yabahaye ububasha bwo gucika abana b’Imana, ni bo bizeye izina ryiwe, 13 ni bo batavyawe n’amaraso, canke n’ukwifuza kw’umubiri, canke n’ukwifuza kw’umugabo, ariko bavyawe n’Imana. 14 Kand’uwo jambo yihaye umubiri, abana natwe, twitegereza ubwiza bwiwe, n’ubwiza bumeze nk’ubw’Umwana w’ikinege ava kwa Se, yuzuye ubuntu n’ukuri. 15 Yohana amushingira intahe, arasemerera ati : Uwo ni we navuze nti : Uwuza inyuma yanje ni we yar’uwa mbere kuri jewe, kuko yariho ntarabaho. 16 Kukw’ibibogaboga muri we ari vyo twahaweko twese, n’ubuntu bugerekeranye n’ubundi. 17 Kukw’ivyagezwe vyazanywe na Mose, ubuntu n’ukuri vyazanywe na Yesu Kristo. 18 Nta muntu yigeze kubona Imana na rimwe; Umwana w’ikinege aba mu gikiriza ca Se ni we yayimenyekanishije. 19 Uku ni kwo gushinga intahe kwa Yohana, ah’Abayuda bamutumakw’abaherezi n’Abalewi bavuye i Yerusalemu, ngo bamubaze bati : Uri nde ? 20 Na we aravyatura, ntiyahisha ukuri, aravyatura ati : Si jewe Kristo. 21 Baramubaza bati : None se bimeze bite? Uri Eliya? Ati : Sindi we. Bati : Uri wa muntu avugishwa n’Imana? Ati : Oya. 22 Baramubaza bati : None uri nde, ngo tuje kwishura abadutumye? Kuri wewe wivuga ute ? 23 Ati : Nd’ijwi ry’uwusemerera mu bugaragwa ati : Ni mugorore inzira y’Uhoraho, nk’uk’uwuvugishwa n’Imana Yesaya yavuze. 24 Kand’abo batumwe bar’Abafarisayo. 25 Baramubaza bati : Non’ubatiriz’iki, k’utari Kristo, ntube Eliya canke wa muntu avugishwa n’Imana ? 26 Yohana arabishura ati : Jeho mbatiza mu mazi; hagati muri mwebwe hahagaze uwo mutazi ; 27 ni we aza inyuma yanje, kandi jewe ntibimbereye gupfundurura akagozi k’inkweto yiwe. 28 Ivyo vyabereye i Betaniya, hakurya ya Yorodani aho Yohana yabatiriza. 29 Bukeye bw’aho abona Yesu aza kuri we, aravuga ati : Nguyu Umwagazi w’intama w’Imana uwukuraho icaha c’abari mw’isi. 30 Uyo ni we navuze nti : Inyuma yanje hazoza umuntu yar’uw’imbere kuri jewe, kuko yariho ntarabaho. 31 Nanje sinaribwamumenye, ariko kugira ngo yerekwe Abisirayeli, ni co catumye nanje nza mbatiza mu mazi. 32 Kandi yohana ashinga intahe ati : Nabonye Mpwemu amanuka ava mw’ijuru asa n’inuma, aguma kuri we. 33 Kandi jewe sinaribwamumenye, arik’uwantumye kubatiza mu mazi, ni we yambariye ati : Uwo uzobona Mpwemu amanuka aja kuri we, akamugumako, ni we abatiza muri Mpwemu Yera. 34 Nanje narabibonye, narabishingiye intahe yuk'uyo ar'Umwana w'Imana. 35 Bukeye bw’aho, Yohana yongeye guhagararana na babiri mu bigishwa biwe ; 36 yitegereza Yesu agendagenda, aravuga ati : Nguyu Umwagazi w’intama w’Imana. 37 Abo bigishwa babiri bumvise ukw’avuga, bakurikira Yesu. 38 Yesu akebutse, abona bamukurikiye, arababaza ati : Murondera iki? Baramubwira bati : Rabi (risobanurwa ngo Mwigisha), usembereye hehe ? 39 Arababwira ati : Ni muze muharabe. Nuko baragenda, babona ah’asembereye, basibira ah’ari uno musi, hari nk’isaha cumi. 40 Andereya mwene nyina wa Simoni Petero, yar’umwe muri abo babiri bumvise Yohana, bagakurikira Yesu. 41 Uyo abanza kurondera mwene nyina Simoni, aramubwira ati : Twabonye Mesiya (risobanurwa ngo Kristo). 42 Amujana kuri Yesu. Yesu aramwitegereza, aramubwira ati : Uri Simoni mwene Yohana; uzokwitwa Kefa (risobanurwa ngo Petero). 43 Bukeye bw’aho Yesu agomba kuvayo ngw’aje i Galilaya, abona Filipo, aramubarira ati : Nkurikira. 44 Kandi Filipo uyo, i wabo n’i Betsayida, igisagara c’i wabo wa Andereya na Petero. 45 Filipo abona Natanayeli, aramubwira ati : Uwo Mose yanditse mu vyagezwe, n’abavugishwa n’Imana bakamwandika, twamubonye, ni Yesu w’i Nazareti, mwene Yosefu. 46 Natanayeli aramubaza ati : Mbeg’i Nazareti hova iciza? Filipo aramubwira ati : N’uze urabe. 47 Yesu abona Natanayeli aza kuri we, amuvugako ati : Ehe Umwisirayeli vy’ukuri, atarimw’ubugunge. 48 Natanayeli aramubaza ati : Wamenyeye hehe? Yesu aramwishura ati : Filipo ataraguhamagara, aho wari musi y’umusukoni, nakubonye. 49 Natanayeli na we aramwishura ati : Mwigisha, ur’Umwana w’Imana, ni wewe Mwami w’Abisirayeli. 50 Yesu aramwishura ati : Wijejwe n’uko nkubwiye yuko nakubonye uri musi y’umusukoni? Uzobona ibiruta ivyo. 51 Arongera aramubwira ati : N’ukuri, n’ukuri ndababwira yuko muzobona ijuru rikingurutse, kand’abamarayika b’Imana baduga bamanuka ku Mwana w’umuntu.

 

Intumbero y’Ikigabane ca 1

vv. 1-5 Ubwa mbere na mbere Jambo yariho...

v. 1 Jambo ni Memra canke Ijambo ry’Imana mw’Isezerano rya Kera. Yarikumwe n’Imana – mu kigiriki bisigura ngo vyerekeye iyo Mana (soma la Concordance Concordant Literal New Testament. A. E. Knoch). Jambo yar’atandukanye n’Uhoraho ari nayo Mana Imwe y’Ukuri.

 En arche en ho logos Kai ho logos en pros ton Theon, kai theos en ho logos.

Ubwa mbere na mbere Jambo yariho, kandi Jambo yahoranye n’Imana, kand’uwo Jambo yari theos (imana).

Nta nteguza ihari mu kigiriki n’ukuyirondera, nk’uko abasobanuzi bamwe bamwe babigira, bisunze ivyemezo biboneka mu kigabane ca 1:18 ; no muri Zaburi 45:6-7 ; no mu Baheburayo 1:8-9, herekana ko Imana yahawe Isirayeli, Imana y’Aburahamu, Imana ya Isaka na Yakobo, yari Yesu Kristo. Eloah, l'Elyon, na yo yar’Imana na we yasenga. Kristo, nka Elohim Imana ya Isirayeli, si we yaremye isi. Yobu 38:4-7 (Zaburi 33:6 ; Imigani 30:4-5) herekana ko ico Kintu ari yo Mana Imwe y’Ukuri Eloah yaremye Isi kandi yatanze itegeko ko Abana b’Imana bari kumwe n’indongozi zabo zo ku rwego rw’Inyenyeri yo mu Mutwenzi bategerezwa kuhaba igihe yarema. Satani n’Ingabo z’ijuru zose ni ho zari muri bo (Yobu 1:6 ; 2:1). Izo mana elohim zararungitswe ngo zisubize ubushasha isi yo mw’Itanguriro 1:3, inyuma yaho yari yabaye tohu na bohu mw’Itanguriro 1:1. Imana Data siko yari yayiremye ubwa mbere. Yabikoze kugira ibeko abantu (Yesaya 45:18). Ni co gituma Imana yarungitse abana b’Imana aribo elohim kugira bayigire nshasha, bayobowe na Mesiya nawe ari elohim kugira atanguze Umugambi w’Agakiza (No. 001A).

Mu vyo yanditse ku murongo wa 1 aho-epfo, Bullinger agerageza gusigura ivyanditswe na Koinè akagomba gusa n’uwerekeza k’Ubutatu. Imbere yaho, twisunze amasoko amw’amwe, yiyumvira kimwe na Knoch mu kuvuga ko Ubutatu ar’ikinyoma kandi ko bidasiguritse, ariko yar’ashaje kuburyo atakaryo ko gukosora ukwo kwihenda yaronse. Ivyanditswe mu ntango bivuga ivyerekeye iremwa ry’Ibiboneka. Ivyanditswe ntibivuga ukubaho ibihe bidashira kw’Abana b’Imana (soma Ingene Imana Icika Umuryango (No. 187)). Ni Yo yonyene idapfa, nta muntu yigeze aYibona, canke ngo yumve ijwi ryaYo (1Tim 6:16).

 

Imana Data ihishura ibintu vyose iciye ku bavugishwa na Yo ikoresheje Ijambo ryaYo na Mpwemu Yera (Amosi 3:7-8). Akiza abantu aciye ku Bavugishwa n’Ijambo ryiWe (Zaburi 107:19-20). Abana b’Imana bose baremwe n’Imana Data ari yo yonyene idapfa (1Tim. 6:16) (cf. Ingene Imana Icika Umuryango (No. 187). Soma kandi Shema (No. 002B) : "Ni wumve, ewe Isirayeli : Uhoraho, Imana yacu, ni we wenyene ahoraho ibihe Bidashira". Shema tuyisanga mu gusenga kw’abakristo bambere kw’ari Yo Mana Imwe y’Ukuri. Urufatiro rwa Shema ruri mu Gusubira mu Vyagezwe 6:4 no muri Mariko 12:28-34 (F041iii) herekana ko Imana iri mu rudende. Aha harakoreshwa n’abizera Ubutatu n’Ububiri kugira berekane ko za elohim zoba zigize Imana imwe bakavuga ko Imana na Kristo bagize ikintu kimwe [ko bari kandi] elohim. Aha rero, ibi sivyo. Ukuba imwe kwa Eloah ntibisigura ko harimwo n’umwana yatowe nka Mesiya, nk’uko tubisanga mu Migani 30:4-5. Muri make, ukwo kuba ari rudende ntibisigura ko harimwo abana b’Imana, aribo, kandi bamye ari benshi (Yobu 1:6 ; 2:1 ; 38:4-7)."

v. 3 Mesiya yari Elohim yarungitswe n’Ingabo Elohim kugira basubize ubushasha isi inyuma yaho ibereye tohu na bohu mw’Itanguriro 1:1 ; Imigani 8:27-30 ; Ab’i Kolosayi 1:16-17 ; Abaheburayo 1:2. Yararemye kandi aion canke igihe canke kosmos, nk’uko tubibona ahandi mu nyandiko zo mw’Isezerano Risha, ari vyo vyasobanuwe ngo isi. Harimwo ukwihenda kwinshi mu gusobanura/n’amafuti kur’ibi (No. 164F na 164G).

v. 4 Uretse Kristo, ivyaremwe vyose, vyaba ibiboneka (Ab’i Kol 1:17) cank’ivy’impwemu, vyokurwaho (canke bikagabanuka) (5:39-40 ; 8:12). Aha, ku murongo wa 5, havuga Mesiya nk’aho ari ubugingo n’umuco w’abantu kandi umwiza ntiwamutsinze. N’amatati hagati y’ikibi gishitse n’iciza gishitse.

 

vv. 6-13 Yohana Umubatizi yarungitswe n’Imana kugira ngo ashingire intahe umuco.

vv. 6-8 Iri somo rivuga ko Yohana yar’umuntu yarungitswe n’Imana. Ntiyari umuco ariko yaje gushingira intahe umuco. Yari yatowe n’Imana nk’uko vyasezeranywe muri Mal. 3:1 ariko ntiyari Eliya yasezeranwe muri Mal. 4:5. Muri make, Kristo yavuze ko yari mu Mpwemu ya Eliya. Yari yarungitswe ngo amenyekanishe yongere ategure inzira ya Kristo muri kirya gihe cari kigoye.

v. 9 Umuco w’ukuri ni wo muco nyawo, bitandukanye na Yohana we yari itara (5:35).

v. 11 Ihanga ryiwe (Abayuda) ntibamwakiriye.

 

1:14-18 Ubwiza bw’Imana buba mu mubiri (mu kwigira umuntu kwa Mesiya), co kimwe n’ubuntu bwiwe (kubw’urukundo rwo gucungura) n’ukuri kwiwe (kubw’ukuguma ku masezerano kwiwe). Yahaye bose kubishikako, atakudendebukirwa, ubuntu k’ubundi, arikwo gushitsa Ivyagezwe vy’Imana, nk’uko vyatanzwe na Mose, kandi ntanahamwe vyigeze bigabanywa canke ngo bikurweho ivyo Vyagezwe vy’Imana, Kristo yahaye Mose.

 

Ivyanditswe ku mirongo ya 1-5 na 14-18 bisaba gutahura icigwa Ukubaho kw’Inyamo kwa Yesu Kristo (No. 243), kandi gwari urufatiro rw’Ukwizera kwo mu Kinjana ca Mbere n’ubu butumwa bwiza.

v. 14 yihaye Vyerekana Jambo nk’Ijambo ry’Imana, ko yamyeho atarigira umuntu. Ibi muri Yohana ku murongo wa 15 vyerekana ko yamyeho, kuko Kristo yavutse mu mezi atandatu inyuma ya Yohana, urumva ntiyari kuba uw’imbere ya Yohana iy’ataba yarasanzwe ariho (soma Imyaka ya Yesu Kristo Igihe Yabatizwa n’Ikiringo c’Ivugabutumwa Ryiwe (No. 019). v. 17 Ivyagezwe vyahawe Mose (bizanywe na Elohim Imana ya Isirayeli dusanga mu Gusubira mu Vyagezwe 32:8 ; Zaburi 45:6-7 ; Abaheburayo 1:8-9) yarungitswe na Eloah ari yo Mana Imwe y’Ukuri. Iyo Elohim [ya Isirayeli] canke Theos yari Yesu Kristo, Umumarayika w’Uhoraho yahaye Ivyagezwe Mose (Ivyakozwe n’Intumwa 7:30-53) kandi ni we yagendanye na Isirayeli mu bugaragwa (1Ab’i Korinto 10:1-4). Ubuntu n’ukuri vyazanywe na Yesu Kristo.

 

v. 18 Ntawigeze abona Imana. Ivyanditswe bivuga ko Imana, ata muntu n’umwe araYibona (soma kandi 1Tim. 6:16). Monogenes Theos, yo, yigumira mu gikiriza kwa Se (bisigura ko bahuza cane), uwo yaravuze. Handitswe ngo "ni yo mana yonyene yavyawe " kandi ntagukekeranya mu nyandiko z’ikigiriki aho Monogenes Theos ryakoreshejwe, ni co risigura. Ni wewe wenyene mu Bana b’Imana yavyawe mu mubiri. Yar’Ijambo ry’Imana kuri Isirayeli (soma Ku majambo Monogenes Theos mu Vyanditswe no mu Nsobanuro (B4)).

 

Ishengero ryo mu binjana ica I n’ica II ryaratahura Inyigisho Mvajuru y’Ibihe vya Mbere (No. 127). Aha rero, uhereye mu kinjana ca III abasaseredoti bo mu mashengero yasenga ibigirwamana n’Izuba niho batangura kuzana inyigisho z’Ububiri zo kwa bayali bihereye kugusenga ikimana Attis mw’ishengero ry’i Roma mu binjana vya II na III, maze bishirwaho nk’itegeko mu mpera z’ikinjana ca IV guhera mu mwaka wa 381 ku ngoma ya Théodose. (Soma Déformation par les Binitaires et les Trinitaires de la Théologie de la Divinité des Premiers Temps (No. 127B)). Haca havyuka Impari z’aba Quartodécimanes (No. 277) n’Intambara z’aba Unitariennes/Trinitaires (No. 268). Soma kandi Inkomoko za Noheri na Pasika y’Ikinyoma Easter/Pâques (No. 235).

 

vv. 19-28 Yohana Umubatizi avuga igikorwa ciwe (Matayo 3:1-12 ; Mariko 1:1-8 ; Luka 3:1-18)

1:19-23 Abayuda (abakuru mu vy’Imana) barungitse abaherezi n’abalewi kuri Yohana kugira ngo bamubaze uwo ari we. Yababwije ukuri ko atari Kristo. Yarazi ko hotegerejwe kuba umuntu wo mu buryo bwa Mesiya nk’akarorero k’umuherezi Mesiya wa Aroni, nk’uko biri mu vyiru vya Mesiya wa Aroni n’Umwami Mesiya wa Isirayeli. (Umusi Mukuru w’Impongano (No. 138) na Azazel n’Impongano (No. 214)). Igihe yahakana ko atari we Mesiya, baramubajije ko yoba ari uwundi muntu mu bitezwe mu vyerekeye ukuza kwa Mesiya mu misi y’iherezo. Bari bazi ko Imana yavuze ko izobarungikira uwavugishwa n’Imana Eliya mu misi y’iherezo imbere y’uko habaho umusi wa nyuma uhambaye w’Umwami kugira agarurire umutima wa ba se ku bana babo n’umutima w’abana kuri ba se, kugira ngo yoye gutera isi umuvumo (Mal. 4:5) (soma kandi 2Abami 2:11). Igihe Yohana yarahira ko atari we Eliya (naho munyuma Yesu yamwise Eliya kubw’igikorwa co mu buryo bw’impwemu (Matayo 11:14n ; Mariko 9:13n), biyumvira ku wavugishwa n’Imana bari biteze maze baramubaza bati : Woba uri wa muvugishwa n’Imana? Ntabwo bavuga cacabona ca kabiri kizozanana na Eliya tubona mu Vyahishuriwe Yohana 11:3 n’ahandi, ariwe tuvuga azoba ari Henoke nk’umuvugishwa wa kabiri (F066iii) (soma No. 135 na No. 141D). Nawe yajanwe (Itanguriro 5:24), n’umukogote w’Imana, nka Eliya. Uwuvugishwa n’Imana abaherezi n’abalewi bari biteze yari uwuvugishwa n’Imana yorungitswe nk’ijwi rya nyuma ry’abatoranijwe bo muri Isirayeli y’Imana, imbere ya ba Bavugishwa, igihe c’ukuza kw’Umwami Mesiya (No. 210A na 210B). Yari uwuvugishwa n’Imana Dani muri Efurayimu yavuzwe n’Imana muri Yeremiya 4:15-27 yotegerejwe kuburira Amahanga ku Muzo wa Mesiya n’Intambara zo mu Misi y’Iherezo (soma Imburi yo mu Misi y’Iherezo (No. 044)). Bishingiye k’ubuhanuzi bwo muri Yeremiya, uwo muvugishwa yari umuvugishwa yari yitezwe imbere ya Eliya, ariko yobuye ukugaruka kwa Mesiya, iyi "we" yo muri Yeremiya 4:16 (RSV). Abahanuzi b’abakatorika b’abaromani baravuze uwo muntu, mu kinjana ca XIII n’ica XV, nk’ikimenyetso c’ihanga rya Dani. Bavuga ko azova mu gihugu ca isirayeli giherereye mu buraruko bw’i Yerusalemu, hagati y’ibiyaga bibiri. Bavuga ko yabaye umusoda mu buto bwiwe kandi ko yakomeretse ku mutwe. Ubwo buhanuzi busa n’ubwakuwe muvyakwirakwijwe hose mu mpera y’ikinjana ca XX, ku mvo zumvikana, bafatiye ku vyanditswe mu Vyahishuriwe Yohana, ibigabane vya 6-20 (soma F066ii, F066iii, F066iv, F066v). Abavugishwa babo baravuze kandi uguhera kw’idini rya bo n’ubu papa muri kazoza ka hafi, igihe Mesiya azoba agarutse (soma Umu Papa wa nyuma No. 288)). Urukurikirane rw’ubuhanuzi bwo muri bibiliya turusanga mu cigwa Iherahezwa ry’Ikimenyetso ca Yona (No. 013B). Isi itangura Kwigishwa muri ca Kimpumbi c’ingoma ya Mesiya mu kiringo c’ama Yubile mirongwibiri guhera k’Umuzuko wa Mbere (No. 143A) gushika k’Umuzuko wa Kabiri (No. 143B) kandi gushika aho vyose bizoheraherezwa abantu bagashitswa ku ndunduro, kandi Abatoranijwe bagahindurwa [bakaba] imana Elohim (No. 001) canke abatizeye bagahura n’Urupfu rwa Kabiri (No. 143C).

 

vv. 24-28 Maze babaza Yohana bati : "None ni kuki ubatiza kandi utari Kristo, ntube Eliya, ntube na wa muvugishwa (wa Dani). Mu yandi majambo : ni kuki ukora ivy’utagezwemwo gukora nk’umuvugishwa canke umurongozi ?

Yohana yarabishuye maze abiganira ivya Mesiya, aravuga ati: "ntibimbereye no gufundurura akagozi k’inkweto yiwe". Ivyo vyabereye i Betaniya, hakurya ya Yorodani, aho Yohana yabatiriza.

vv. 29-34 Umubatizo w’amazi ; v. 33 Umubatizo wa Yesu (Matayo 3:13-17 ; Mariko 1:9-11 ; Luka 3:21-22).

Bukeye bwaho, Yohana yabonye Kristo maze ashinga intahe ko ar’Umwagazi w’intama w’Imana. Mpwemu Yera amuvugisha ko ari we abatiza muri Mpwemu Yera. Yohana yavuze ko yabonye kandi ashingintahe ko ar’umwana w’Imana.

 

vv. 35-51 Intumwa zambere za Yesu

Aha, Yohana yavuze ko Yesu ar’Umwagazi w’intama w’Imana kandi babiri mu bigishwa biwe baciye bikurikirira Mesiya. Umwe muri bo yari Andereya mwenenyina wa Simoni Petero. v. 39 Isaha y’icumi ni nka 16h00. v. 41 Andereya aca aja kurondera Petero maze amubwira ko babonye Mesiya (Kristo) v. 42 Maze amuzanira Yesu. Kristo yaramuvuzeko maze amwita Kefa (Petero). Kefa (Gk. Petero) mu ki arameyene risigura ngo Petero, (canke kandi Mutwe ugumye cf. Lamsa n. re The Peshitta).

vv. 43-51 Filipo na Natanayeli

Bukeye bwaho, Yesu afata ingingo yo kuja i Galilaya maze abona Filipo, yava i Betsayida, ari naho Andereya na Petero bava. Filipo abona Natanayeli. Aravuga ati : "Twabonye umwe Mose yavuga mu Vyagezwe umwe kandi abavugishwa n’Imana bavuga : Yesu w’i Nazareti, mwene Yosefu". "Natanayeli aramwishura ati : "Mbega hari iciza cova i Nazareti ? "Kristo yaragiye kumuraba maze amubwira ibintu atari yarigeze amenya. Maze Natanayeli abona gutahura ko ari Umwana w’Imana Umwami wa Isirayeli. Maze Kristo amubwira ko azobona ijuru ryuguruka abamarayika baduga bongera bamanuka ku Mwana w’umuntu.

v. 45 Isezerano rya Kera rivuga kuri Kristo muri rusangi ni nayo ntumbero y’ubuhanuzi. v. 46 Natanayeli – Bishika mbere akaba ari we Barutomayo (Matayo 10:3 ; Mariko 3:18 ; Luka 6:14), yaba i Kana hafi y’i Nazareti (21:2). v. 47 Atarimw’ubugunge Yakobo yarimwo ubugunge imbere y’uko yitwa Isirayeli (Itanguriro 27:35 ; 32:28). v. 51 Ivyo Yakobo yerekewe mu nzozi (Itanguriro 28:12) arikwo kuri kuri muri Yesu. Umwana w’umuntu – intumwa yo mw’ijuru kugira amenyekanishe Imana (3:13) ; no kuba umucamanza wanyuma (5:27 ; Mariko 2:10n).

 

(Soma Ukubaho kw’Inyamo kwa Yesu Kristo (No. 243)).

 

Ikigabane ca 2

1 Ku musi ugira gatatu haba ubukwe i Kana i Galilaya, kandi nyina wa Yesu ni ho yar’ari. Yesu na we atorerwa ubukwe, bo n’abigishwa biwe. Maze vino ikamye, nyina wa Yesu aramubarira ati : Nta vino bafise. Yesu aramwishura ati : Duhuriye hehe ga nyina wanje? Igihe canje ntikiragera. Nyina abwira abasuku ati : Ico ababwira cose mugikore. Harih’impange z’intango zitandatu z’amazi zabajwe mu mabuye, zateretsweho kubw’ukwihumanura nk’uk’umugenzo w’Abayuda war’uri, imwe-imwe yuzuzwa n’ibibindi bibiri canke bitatu. Yesu arababarira ati : Ni mwuzuze izo ntango amazi. Bazuzuza kugeza ku mbiga. Arababarira ati : Mudahe ubu nyene, mushire umuteretsi mukuru. Baramushira. Umuteretsi yumvirije amazi yahindutse vino, ntiyamenye iy’ivuye, arikw’abasuku badashe amazi bari babizi; uwo muteretsi ahamagara umukwe, 10 aramubwira ati : Umuntu wese ahora abanza gutereka vino ziryoshe, maze bahimba akabaha izitaryoshe : ariko weho iziryoshe ni zo wabitse gushitsa ubu. 11 Iryo ni ryo tanguriro ry’ibimenyetso Yesu yakoze ar’i Kana i Galilaya, yerekana ubwiza bwiwe; kand’abigishwa biwe baramwizera. 12 Hanyuma y’ivyo amanuka i Kaperinawumu, bo na nyina na bene nyina n’abigishwa biwe, amaray’imisi itari myinshi. 13 Kandi Pasika y’Abayuda yari hafi; Yesu aduga i Yerusalemu. 14 Asanga mu Rusengero abadandarizah’inka n’intama n’inuma, n’abavunja amahera bicaye. 15 Atsiba imigozi ayigira nk’ikimoko, abahinda mu rusengero bose, n’intama n’inka, asesa amahera y’abariko baravunja, ahenura ameza yabo. 16 Abarira abadandaza inuma ati : Ni mukureh’ivyo, nta co muhindura inzu ya Data kuba inzu y’akaguriro. 17 Abigishwa biwe bibuka ko handitswe ngo : Ishaka ry’inzu yawe rizondya. 18 Abayuda baramubaza bati : Utwereka ikimenyetso ki, gituma ukora ivyo ? 19 Yesu arabishura ati : Musambure uru rusengero, nanje nzoruhagarika mu misi itatu. 20 Maz’Abayuda bati : Uru rusengero rwubatswe imyaka mirongwine n’itandatu; none wewe uzoruhagarika mu misi itatu ! 21 Ariko we yavuga urusengero rw’umubiri wiwe. 22 Nukw’amaze kuzurwa mu bapfuye, abigishwa biwe bibuka yuko yari yaravuze ivyo, bemera icanditswe, na rya jambo Yesu yavuze. 23 Kandi yar’i Yerusalemu mu misi mikuru ya Pasika, benshi bizera izina ryiwe, babonye ibimenyetso akora. 24 Ariko Yesu we ntiyabishimira, kuko yar’azi abantu bose, 25 ntiyarinda ko hagira uwushingira intahe ivy’umuntu, kuk’ubwiwe yar’azi ibiri mu muntu.

 

Intumbero y’Ikigabane ca 2

vv. 1-11 Ubukwe bw’i Kana i Galilaya; Yesu ahindura amazi vino.

Ubukwe bw’i Kana burasiguwe neza mu cigwa Insiguro y’Ubukwe bw’i Kana i Galilaya (No. 050).

Ubwo bukwe bwavugishije benshi kandi vino yakozwe irashobora kuvugwako vyinshi cane. Insiguro turayisanga mu cigwa Vino muri Bibiliya (No. 188).

Ibindi turabisanga mu vyigwa : Ukury’Ibimera muri Bibiliya (No. 183) kubijanye n’ubundi buzimire bwa gipagani bwaje mu Bayuda. Kubijanye n’Ivyagezwe vy’Imana ku mfungurwa, soma Ivyagezwe vyerekeye Imfungurwa (No. 015).

Dutahure ko aha bamusavye gukora igitangaza kandi isaha yiwe itari bwagere, nk’uko yabibwiye nyina wiwe (Nyina wanje 19:26). Ukuza kwiwe kwateguwe n’Imana, kandi ntivyavuye kukwifuza kwa Mariyamu. Kurangiza kwiwe kwotegerejwe kuba ukwo kumanikwa ku giti stauros (7:30 ; 8:20 ; 12:23, 27 ; 13:1 ; 17:1).

v. 6 Imigirwa yo Kwihumanura yakorwa nk’umugenzo (soma Kwihumanura no Kugenyererwa (No. 251)).

v. 8 Umuteretsi – umukuru ajejwe ivy’ibinyobwa mu rubanza

v. 11 ibitangaza vyari ibimenyetso vyerekeye ukuninahazwa n’ubushobozi bw’Imana muri we biciye kuri Mpwemu Yera (No. 117). Ikimenyetso ca mbere Ikimenyetso ca kabiri cari muri 4:46-54.

v. 12 Bene nyina soma ivyanditswe muri Matayo 13:55n. Soma kandi icigwa Inkumi Mariyamu n’umuryango wa Yesu Kristo (No. 232).

 

2:13-25 Yesu akubura urusengero

(gereranya Matayo 21:12-17 ; Mariko 11:15-19 ; Luka 19:45-48).

v. 14 Ibitungwa vyagurishwa kugira ngo babitangeko ibimazi. Ifaranga ry’abaromani ryavunjwa mu mayuda kugira hatangwe ikori/Itagisi ry’Urusengero.

v. 15-16 Ukwo yavyitwayemwo ntabwo kwari ukurengerwa, ariko ryari ishavu yar’afitiye abaherezi kuko ukwizera kwabo kari kwahindutse urudandazwa.

Inzu ya Data yariko agwanirira ubwami bwiwe.

v. 17 Zaburi 69:9.

2:23-25 Ukwizera kutagira ishingiro ntikuragama kandi Kristo ntagaciro yabihaye.

 

 Uguhumanura Urusengero (No. 241B) ni kimwe mu bijanye n’Ukwiyeza kandi Kristo, intumwa hamwe n’ishengero barakora uwo mugirwa wo Kwiyeza mu kiringo c’ibinjana. Soma ivyigwa Ukweza Amahanga (No. 077) ; Ukweza Urusengero rw’Imana (No. 241) ; Ukweza Imburabwenge n’Abazimiye (No. 291) (soma kandi Ivyongeweko A mu No. 291 ku kwisonzesha kw’igenekerezo rya 7 Abibu bikorwa n’ishengero). Mu binjana vya nyuma, ishengero ry’i Sarudi ryarataye ukwo Kwiyeza, nko mu kinjana ca XX, bizanywe n’Umwungere w’Imburakimazi (Zekariya 11:17).

 

Ikigabane ca 3

1 Har’umuntu mu Bafarisayo, yitwa Nikodemo, yar’umukru wo mu Bayuda; uwo aza kuri we mw’ijoro, aramubwira ati : Mwigisha, turazi yuk’ur’umwigisha yavuye ku Mana, kukw’ata muntu ashobora gukora ibimenyetso nk’ivyo ukora, shit’Imana iri kumwe na we. Yesu aramwishura ati : N’ukuri, n’ukuri ndakubwire : Iy’umuntu atavyawe ubwa kabiri, ntashobora kubona ubwami bw’Imana. Nikodemo aramubaza ati : Umuntu ashobora ate kuvyarwa ashaje? Mbega yoshobora gusubira mu nda ya nyina akavuka ? Yesu aramwishura ati : N’ukuri, n’ukuri ndakubwire : Iy’umuntu atavyawe n’amazi na Mpwemu, ntashobora kwinjira mu bwami bw’Imana. Ikivyawe n’umubiri na co n’umubiri; ikivyawe na Mpwemu na co n’impwemu. Ntutangazwe n’uko nkubwiye nti : Murakwiye kuvyarwa ubwa kabiri. Umuyaga uhuhuta ah’ugomba, nawe ukumva igihuhuta cawo, ariko ntumenye ah’uva, n’ah’uja; uko ni kw’amera uwuvyawe na Mpwemu wese. Nikodemo arabaza ati : Ivyo bishoboka bite ? 10 Yesu aramwishura ati : Ni wewe mwigisha w’Abisirayeli, kandi ntutahura ivyo ! 11 N’ukuri, n’ukuri ndakubwire : Twebwe tuvuga ico tuzi, kandi dushingira intahe ico twabonye; ariko ntimwemera igishingantahe cacu. 12 Ko nababwiye ivy’isi ntimwemere, none muzokwemera mute ni nababwira ivy’ijuru ? 13 Nta waduze mw’ijuru, atar’uwamanutse ava mw’ijuru, ni we Mwana w’umuntu wo mw’ijuru. 14 Kand’uko Mose yamanitse inzoka mu bugaragwa, ni k’Umwana w’umuntu akwiye kumanikwa, 15 ng’uwumwizera wese ahabwe ubugingo budashira. 16 Kuk’urukundo Imana yakunze abari mw’isi ari rwo rwatumye itanga Umwana wayo w’ikinege, ng’uwumwizera wese ntaz’apfe rubi, arikw’ahabwe ubugingo budashira. 17 Kukw’Imana itatumye Umwana wayo gucira abari mw’isi urubanza, ariko ngw’abari mw’isi bakizwe na we. 18 Uwumwizeye ntazotsindwa n’urubanza, arik’uwutamwizeye aramaze gutsindwa, kukw’atizeye izina ry’Umwana w’Imana w’ikinege. 19 Uku ni kwo gutsindwa, kuk’umuco waje mw’isi, arikw’abantu bagakunda umwiza kuruta umuco, kukw’ibikorwa vyabo ari bibi. 20 Kuk’uwukora ibibi wese yanka umuco, kandi ntaza ku muco, kugira ngw’ibikorwa vyiwe ntibihanwe ; 21 Arik’uwukora ivy’ukuri aza ku muco, kugira ngw’ibikorwa vyiwe biseruke ko vyakorewe mu Mana. 22 Hanyuma y’ivyo Yesu ajana n’abigishwa biwe mu gihugu c’i Yudaya, atebanayo na bo, abatiza. 23 Kandi Yohana na we yabatiriza ahitwa Ayinoni, hafi y’i Salimu, kukw’aho har’amazi menshi, abantu baraza bakabatizwa. 24 Kuko Yohana ataribwashirwe mw’ibohero. 25 Havyuka ibihari ku bigishwa ba Yohana n’Umuyuda ku vyo kwihumanura. 26 Baza aho Yohana ari, baramubwira bati : Mwigisha, uwo mwari kumwe hakurya ya Yorodani, umwe washingira intahe, erega na we arikw’arabatiza, kandi bose baza kuri we. 27 Yohana arabishura ati : Nta co umuntu ashobora kuronka ubwiwe, atagihawe kivuye mw’ijuru. 28 Ni mwebwe ubwanyu munshingira intahe yuko navuze nti : Si jewe Kristo, ariko natumwe kumwitangira imbere. 29 Uwuhawe umugeni ni we mukwe, arik’umugenzi w’uno mukwe amuhagaraye i ruhande amwumva, anezerwa cane n’ijwi ry’umukwe; nukw’ako kanyamuneza kanje karashitse. 30 Urya akwiye gukuzwa, nanje ngirwe muto. 31 Uwavuye hejuru ni we asumba bose, uwo mw’isi aba ar’uwo mw’isi nyene, avuga ivy’isi; uwavuye mw’ijuru ni we asumba bose. 32 Ico yabonye, kandi yumvise, ni co ashingira intahe, arik’ugushinga intahe kwiwe nta wukwemera. 33 Uwemeye ugushinga intahe kwiwe aba ateye igikumu ngw’Imana n’iy’ukuri. 34 Uwo Imana yatumye ni we avuga amajambo y’Imana, kukw’idatanga Mpwemu ku ngero. 35 Se arakunda Umwana, kandi yamuhaye vyose, abishira mu kuboko kwiwe. 36 Uwizeye Umwana arafise ubugingo budashira, arik’uwutumvira Umwana ntazobona ubugingo, arik’uburake bw’Imana buguma kuri we.

 

Intumbero y’Ikigabane ca 3

3:1-21 Nikodemo aja kuraba Yesu mw’ijoro.

v. 1 Abafarisayo, nk’idini, bari bizera Ukuzuka, Abasadukayo bobo ntibavyizera. Umwungere/umurongozi – umwe mu bagize Igugu (soma 11:47n)

v. 3 Kubona Ubwami bw’Imana si kubw’ibikorwa runaka ariko ni kubw’Ivyo twatoranirijwe (No. 296) no guhindurwa n’Imana (Abaroma 8:29-30).

v. 5 Ukuvuka mw’Itegeko Rishasha ry’Ubwami bw’Imana bikorwa n’amazi mu mubatizo (1:33 ; Abanyefeso 5:26) na Mpwemu Yera (No. 117) mu kurambikwako ibiganza. Soma Ukwihana n’Ukubatizwa (No. 052).

v. 6 ikivyawe n’Impwemu na co n’Impwemu.

vv. 8-9 Umuyaga uhuhuta ah’ugomba. Ijambo ry’ikigiriki risigura umuyaga n’impwemu ni rimwe kandi ni nayo nsiguro ivugwa ngaha kuri Nikodemo (soma kandi Ezekiyeli 37:5-10) (ngira ngo no mu ki arameyene ni ko biri, ariko aha vyanditswe mu kigiriki).

v. 12 Ibintu vyo kw’isi nk’umugani w’umuyaga, Ibintu vyo mw’ijuru nk’ukuri muvy’impwemu.

vv. 13-15 Yesu yavuye mw’ijuru kugira ngo azane Ubugingo Budashira (No. 133) no kuba nk’Imana biciye mu kubambwa ku giti Stauros canke inkingi (nka kumwe kwo mu bugaragwa Guharura 21:9).

Menya ko aha, Kristo yavuze ko atawigeze aduga mw’ijuru kiretse Kristo yururutse avuye mw’ijuru.

3:16 Luther yise uwu murongo ubutumwa bwiza bw’irangi. Aravyagura akavuga ko ari ikimazi mu rukundo ku vyaremwe vyose.

3:17-21 Intumbero y’Imana kwar’ukurema umuntu no kumukiza. Abantu baraciriranira imanza mu kunyegeza ibikorwa vyabo bibi mu Kwera n’Ukugororoka vya Kristo.

Uwukora ivy’ukuri aza ku muco kugira babone neza ko ibikorwa vyiwe vyakorewe mu Mana. Ivy’Ukwihana no Kubatizwa muri Mpwemu Yera, n’ibintu bigaragara ni ngoga, niyo mpamvu Imana ishira ibigabitanyo vy’abantu kure nk’uko i burasirazuba hitanguye i burengerazuba (Zaburi 103:12).

3:22-36 Yohana Umubatizi yongera gushingira intahe Yesu (gereranya 1:19-34).

v. 24 Yohana Umubatizi mw’ibohero Matayo 4:12, 14:3 ; Mariko 1:14, 6:17 ; Luka 3:19-20.

Ubugingo Budashira (No. 133)

v. 25 Kwihumanura - Imigirwa (soma kandi Ukwihumanura n’Ukugenyererwa (No. 251)).

vv. 27-29 Yohana yari Umugenzi w’umukwe, azana Isirayeli, umugeni, kuri Kristo, umukwe.

Soma kandi Isirayeli, Umugambi w’Imana (No. 001B) na Isirayeli, Uruzabibu rw’Imana (No. 001C).

 

3:31-36

v. 32 Umwana yavuye mw’ijuru maze ashingira intahe ukuri, ariko ntanumwe yemera ukwo gushinga intahe. Ntanumwe – Hagomba kuvuga Abayuda n’idini yabo y’ikinyoma. v. 34 Uwo Imana yarungitse avuga amajambo y’Imana. (iyi yar’intahe y’umwanditsi kandi abari kumwe na we barizera vy’ukuri amajambo ya Kristo). Kuko Imana idatanga Mpwemu ku ngero. Arakunda umwana kandi yashize vyose mu biganza vyiwe (v. 35). v. 36 Uwizera umwana arafise ubugingo budashira (No. 133). Uwutubaha umwana ntazobona ubugingo, ariko yitege uburake bw’Imana buzosukwa kuri we.

 

Ikigabane ca 4

1Umwami Yesu amenye kw’Abafarisayo bumvise yukw’aronka abigishwa benshi, kand’abatiza benshi, arusha Yohana. Ariko Yesu ubwiwe si we yabatiza, bar’abigishwa biwe. Ava i Yudaya, asubira i Galilaya. Yumva akwiye guca i Samariya. Nukw’ashika ku gisagara c’i Samariya citwa Sukara, hafi y’umusozi Yakobo yahaye Yosefu, umuhungu wiwe. Kand’aho har’iriba rya Yakobo. Yesu ananijwe n’urugendo apfa kwicara kw’iriba, hari nk’isaha zitandatu. Haza umugore w’Umusamariyakazi kuvoma; Yesu aramubwira ati: Umpe utwo kunywa. Kukw’abigishwa biwe bari bagiye mu gisagara kugura indya. Uno Musamariyakazi aramubaza ati : Wewe ur’Umuyuda, non’unsaba amazi ute, jewe nd’Umunyasamariyakazi? (Ni kukw’Abayuda n’Abasamariya banenana) 10 Yesu aramwishura ati :Iy’uba war’uzi ingabire y’Imana, ukamenya n’uwugusavye ngo Mpa utwo kunywa uw’ari we, nawe uba umusavye, na we akaguha amazi y’ubugingo. 11 Wa mugore aramwishura ati : Mugenzi, kw’ata co kuvomesha ufise, kand’iriba rikaba ari rirerire, non’ayo mazi y’ubugingo uyakura hehe ? 12 Mbeg’uruta sogokuruza wacu Yakobo, yaduhaye iri riba, yanywa amazi yaryo, ubwiwe n’abana biwe, n’amasho yiwe ? 13 Yesu aramwishura ati : Uwunywa kur’ayo mazi wese azosubira kugira inyota ; 14 arik’uwunywa amazi nzomuha, ntazoba akigira inyota na mba gushitsa ibihe vyose, arikw’amazi nzomuha azohinduka muri we imbizi y’anazi yiburuka azana ubugingo budashira. 15 Uwo mugore aramubwira ati : Mugenzi, mpa se ayo mazi, sinze ngire inyota, kandi sinze ngaruke kuvoma ino hose. 16 Yesu aramubwira ati : Genda uhamagare umugabo wawe, uheze ugaruke ino. 17 Uwo mugore aramwishura ati : Nta mugabo mfise. Yesu aramwishura ati: Uvuze ko, k’ugize ngo nta mugabo ufise. 18 Kuko war’ufise abagabo batanu, arik’uwo ufise ubu s’umugabo wawe; ivyo ubivuze ukuri. 19 Uno mugore aramubwira ati : Mugenzi, ndabona k’ur’umuntu avugishwa n’Imana. 20 Ba sogokuruza bacu basengera kur’uyu musozi, ariko mweho mugira ngw’i Yerusalemu ni ho hantu hakwiye gusengerwa. 21 Yesu aramubwira ati : Nyizera nyina wanje; igihe kija kuza, si kur’uyu musozi cank’i Yerusalemu muzosengera Data. 22 Mwebwe musenga ico mutazi; tweho dusenga ico tuzi, kukw’agakiza gaturuka mu Bayuda. 23 Arikw’igihe kiza, kandi kirashitse, ni ho abasenga b’ukuri bazosengera Data mu mpwemu no mu kuri, kuko Data arondera abamusenga bameze batyo. 24 Imana ni Mpwemu, kand’abayisenga bakwiye kuyisenga mu mpwemu no mu kuri. 25 Nya mugore aramubwira ati : Ndazi ko Mesiya azoza yitwa Kristo; uwo ah’azozira ni we azoduserurira vyose. 26 Yesu aramubwira ati : Ni jewe nyene turiko turavugana. 27 Bun’abigishwa biwe barashika, batangazwa n’ukw’avugana n’umugore; ariko ntawavuze ati : Urondera iki? Canke ngo : Muvuganira na we iki ? 28 Maz’uno mugore asiga umubindi wiwe hano, asubira mu gisagara, abwira abantu ati : 29 Ni muze murabe umuntu ambwiye ivyo nakoze vyose; namb’ari we Kristo ? 30 Bava mu gisagara ngo bamusange iy’ari. 31 Batarashika, abigishwa baramwinginga bati : Mwigisha, enda fungura. 32 Arabishura ati : Jewe mfise ivyo kurya mwebwe mutazi. 33 Abigishwa barabazanya bati : Mbega har’uwamuzaniye ivyo kurya ? 34 Yesu arababwira ati : Indya zanje n’ugukora ico uwantumye agomba, no guheraheza igikorwa ciwe. 35 Mbega mwebwe ntimuvuga ngo hasigaye amezi ane iyimbura rikagera? Ehe ndababwire : Ni mwunamure amaso yanyu murabe imirima, ireze igeze kwimbura. 36 Umwimbuzi aragererwa, yegeraniriza ivyimburwa mu bugingo budashira; kugira ng’uwubiba n’uwimbura banezeranwe. 37 Kuko mur’ivyo ari ho iri jambo rimenyekanira kw’ar’iry’ukuri ngo : Habiba umwe, hakimbura uwundi. 38 Nabatumye kwimbura ibitabatamije ; abandi baratamye, namwe mwashikiye mu vy’ubutame bwabo. 39 Benshi mu Basamariya bo mur’ico gisagara bamwizera kubw’amajambo ya wa mugore, yavuze ashinga intahe ati : Ambariye ivyo nakoze vyose. 40 Maz’Abasamariya baje ah’ari, baramwinginga ngw’agume i wabo; asibirayo kabiri. 41 Hizera abandi benshi baruta aba mbere, kuko biyumviye ijambo ryiwe ; 42 maze babwira uyo mugore bati : Ubu ho ntitwizeye kubw’amajambo yawe gusa, kuko natwe twiyumviye kandi tumenye k’uyu ar’Umukiza w’isi vy’ukuri. 43 Iyo misi ibiri ishize, avayo aja i Galilaya. 44 Kandi Yesu ubwiwe yashinze intahe yuk’umuntu avugishwa n’Imana atagira icubahiro mu ntara y’i wabo. 45 Ashitse i Galilaya, Abanyagalilaya baramwakira, kuko babonye ivyo yakoreye i Yerusalemu vyose muri ya misi mikuru, kuko na bo bari bagiyeyo mu misi mikuru. 46 Maz’asubira kuja i Kana i Galilaya, hamwe yahindurira amazi agacika vino. Har’umutware atwarira umwami, umwana wiwe w’umuhungu yar’arwariye i Kaperinawumu ; 47 uyo yumvise ko Yesu avuye i Yudaya ashitse i Galilaya, aza kuri we, aramwinginga ngw’amanuke gukiza umwana wiwe, kuko yari ku mpfiro. 48 Yesu aramubwira ati : Iyo mutabonye ibimenyetso n’ibitangaza nta ho mwizera na mba. 49 Uwo mutware ati : Mugenzi, ngwino se umanuke umwana wanje atarapfa. 50 Yesu aramubwira ati : Ni wigire, umwana wawe ni muzima. Uwo muntu yizera ijambo Yesu amubwiye, aragenda. 51 Arikw’aramanuka abantu biwe baramusanganira bati : Umwana wawe ni muzima. 52 Abasiguza cane igihe yatanguye kworoherwa. Baramubwira bati : Ejo, kw’isaha ndwi, ni ho umururumbo wamuvuyeko. 53 Maze se aca amenya ko hari muri nya saha nyene Yesu yamubwiriyemwo ati : Umwana wawe ni muzima. Arizera ubwiwe n’abo mu rugo rwiwe bose. 54 Ico ni co kimenyetso ca kabiri Yesu yakoze, avuye i Yudaya ashitse i Galilaya.

 

Intumbero y’Ikigabane ca 4

vv. 1-26 Yesu avugana n’Umusamariyakazi.

vv. 1-3 Abafarisayo banka Yohana baca bahindukirira Yesu na we, aca yigira i Galilaya. v. 4 I Samariya hari mu buraruko bw’i Yudaya kandi hatandukanya i Yudaya n’i Galilaya, ubwami bwa Herode Antipas. Hari haba abantu bimvange (Ivyakozwe n’Intumwa 8:5n), aba Cuthéens n’aba Mèdes bajanywe n’ingabo zo mu buraruko bw’i Siriya. Uwo mugore yavuga ko akomoka kuri Yakobo, ariko Kristo yashingiye cane kuvyerekeye Abayuda. Iriba rya Yakobo ryashizeho ihuriro kandi cari ikibanza ciza c’urufatiro kugira ikiyago cabo gitangure ku vyerekeye agakiza no kuba akaryo keza ko kuronsa agakiza abanyamahanga, nk’uko Yakobo yabivuze ari yo mpamvu yo kuba Efurayimu mw’Itanguriro 48:15-19, igihe yahezagira Yosefu (soma kandi Itanguriro 33:19 ; 48:22 ; Yosuwa 24:32). Hari nka midi.

vv. 7-9 Yesu yamusavye utwo kunywa. Yaratangajwe no kwumva umusaba amazi, kuko Abayuda bari basanzwe atabucuti bafitaniye n’Abasamariya. Abigisha kandi baririnda kuvugana n’abagore mu mayira. Abayuda kandi baranena Abasamariya nk’abaguye mu vy’Imana (2Abami 24:17-34).

v. 10 Aca atangura kumubwira ibijanye n’uko iyo amenya uwo ari we, yari kumusaba amazi y’ubugingo, bisigura inkomezi za Mpwemu Yera n’agakiza kugururiwe abapagani. Amazi y’ubugingo Yeremiya 2:13 ; 17:13.

v. 11 Ntiyatahuye na kimwe kandi atakivomesho kihari. v. 12 Aca amubaza ko aruta sekuru wabo Yakobo. Ni neza na neza umuhezagiro Yakobo yari yarahaye Yosefu, kandi, yagomba kuvuga elohim ari na we mumarayika Mucunguzi yasavye mw’Itanguriro 48:15 kubandanya.

v. 14 Kristo yabandanije avuga ku ngabire yiwe, amazi y’ubugingo ari na yo soko ry’ubugingo budashira. v. 15 Yaciye asaba ayo mazi kugira ntaze yongere kugaruka kuvoma, ariko ntiyari yatahuye insiguro y’ayo mazi.

v. 16 Yesu aca amubaza akabazo ko kumugeza aramubwira ati : genda uhamagare umugabo wawe umubwire aze ngaha. v. 17 Yishuye ati : "Nta mugabo mfise", yari yiberaho mu bucuti bwisanzuye [atanditswe]. Kristo ntabwo yahenzwe. Yamubwiye ko yavuze neza ko ageze kubagabo batanu kandi ko uwo babana uwo mwanya atari wiwe. Yaciye avuga neza amategeko agenga ivyo kwabirana no gusubira kwabirana mu ryungane rimwe (Ubukwe (No. 289)).

v. 19 Uwo mugore yaciye abandanya avuga ku bijanye n’ikibanza co gusengeramwo, kuko itandukaniro ryari kuvyo babonesha amaso, ariko yaravuze igihe kizoza aho abasenga b’ukuri batazosengera kur’uwo musozi (Umusozi Gerasimu nico cari ikibanza kiriko Isengero y’Abasamariya). Yavuze ku murongo wa 22 ko agakiza kazanana mu Bayuda ariko ko katazanwa n’Abayuda kandi ko yasutse agakiza no mu Banyamahanga. Yaciye avuga neza ko abasenga Data bategerezwa kubikora mu Mpwemu no mu kuri. Ikibanza ntagaciro cari gifise. Umurongo wa 25 Yavuze ko yarazi ko Mesiya yoje akabaserurira vyose. v. 26 Aca amubwira ko ari we ari Mesiya (Ni jewe nyene turiko turavugana). 

 

vv. 27-38 Yesu avuga ivy’ugusarura mu mpwemu.

Ico gihe, abigishwa biwe baraje maze baratangara kubona avugana n’umugore. Ntaco babivuzeko, baratangara cane, maze uwo mugore asiga umubindi wiwe ngaho (nta nkeka kwari ukugira abafashe) maze yiruka mu gisagara aja kuvuga ibikorwa vy’uwushobora kuba ari Mesiya, maze abahamagara kuza kumuraba. v. 30 Bava mu gisagara baza kumuraba. Ntankeka ni mur’iyo ntumbero yaciye atanguza ikiyago ku gakiza gashikiriye abapagani, kuburyo vyabandanije.

vv. 31-38 Mur’iki gisomwa, Kristo avuga mu buryo bw’umugani aca abwira intumwa ko imirima igeze kwimburwa. Agakiza kava mu banyamahanga. Umwimbuzi aronka ingero maze agakoraniriza ivyamwa mu bugingo budashira. Yababwiye ko abarungitse kwimbura ivyo batakoreye. Abandi barabakoreye nabo bashikiye mu gikorwa.

vv. 39-42 Abenshi mu Basamariya barizeye bivuye ku ntahe ya wa mugore. Baramusavye ko yoguma i wabo maze aca asibirayo imisi ibiri kubw’intahe yiwe baratahuye maze bavuga ko ar’mukiza w’isi n’abanyamahanga n’abantu bose.

vv. 43-45 Yesu yigisha i Galilaya no mu Banyamahanga (Matayo 4:12-17 ; Mariko 1:14-15 ; Luka 4:14-15) (kugira ngo umurongo wa 42 utahurike, gereranya na Yesaya 43:3,11 ; 45:22).

Maze aca aja i Galilaya. Yari yashinze intahe yuk’umuntu avugishwa n’Imana atagira icubahiro mu ntara y’i wabo (v. 44). v. 45 Abanyagalilaya bamwakiriye bisunze ivyo babonye yakoreye i Yerusalemu.

vv. 46-54 Yesu akiza umuhungu w’umutware.

Maze Yesu aca aja i Kana, hama i Kaperinawumu aho umwana w’umutware yaragwaye (bibonekana ko yari umupagani w’intwazangabo mu gisoda (v. 46)). Aho yumviye ko yaje avuye i Yudaya i Galilaya, yaciye ajayo ni ngoga maze asaba Kristo gukiza uyo musore, yari ku mpfiro. Kristo arababwira ati : "Iyo mutabonye ibimenyetso n’ibitangaza nta ho mwizera na mba" (ijambo "mwebwe" riri mu bwinshi kandi ryabwirwa abar’aho n’abizera bose kubera babonye ibimenyetso (cf. v. 45)). Uwo mutware aravuga ati : "Mugenzi, ngwino se umanuke umwana wanje atarapfa." (yar’ababajwe n’ubugingo bw’umwana wiwe, atakindi). Amaze gupima ukwizera kwiwe, Kristo aramubwira ati : Ni wigire, umwana wawe ni muzima. Uwo muntu yizera ijambo Yesu amubwiye, aragenda. Ariko arasubira inyuma, abasuku biwe baramusanganira maze bamubwira ko umuhungu wiwe yatanguye gukira. Aca ababaza aho yatanguriye kworoherwa na bo bamwishura ko har’ejo, nko kw’isaha y’indwi (13h00). Ni nayo saha Mesiya yari yamubwiriyeko ko umuhungu wiwe ari muzima. Maze arizera ubwiwe nabo mu rugo rwiwe bose, aca yigumanira na Mesiya, kuko inzu yiwe yari nko kubirometero 29 (29km) uvuye aho, ariko yagarutse bukeye bwaho (gereranya v. 52), yizera ko yakize. Kubw’ico gikorwa n’ukwizera Kristo, inzu yiwe yose yarizeye maze agakiza kaba karahawe n’abapagani (v. 53. Arizera n’umutima wiwe wose). v. 54 Car’ikimenyetso ca kabiri yarakoze kuva avuye i Yudaya i Galilaya (soma 2:1-11).

 

Ivyanditswe na Bullinger kuri Yohana, Ibigabane vya 1 - 4 (muri Bibiliya yitwa KJV) [biri mu congereza gusa]

Chapter 1

Verse 1

In the beginning. Greek. en (App-104.) arche. Occurs four times in the N.T. (Compare Genesis 1:1 ). The context will always supply the dependent word (where it is not expressed). Here, and in John 1:2, supply "[of the aions = ages "]; for the Logos then "was", and the aims were prepared by Him (Hebrews 1:2 ; Hebrews 11:3 ). In Acts 11:15 supply "[of our ministry" (John 2:4 )]. In Philippians 4:15 supply "[the proclamation of] the Gospel". For the combination of arche, with other prepositions, see notes on John 6:64 ("ex arches"); on John 8:44 (" ap' arches"); on Hebrews 1:10 ("kat' arches").

was = was [already pre-existent]. Creation is not mentioned till John 1:3. "The Word had no beginning". See John 1:3 ; John 17:51 John 1:1.Ephesians 1:4.Proverbs 8:23. Psalms 90:2. Compare John 8:58. Not the same "was "as in John 1:14.

the Word. Greek. Logos. As the spoken word reveals the invisible thought, so the Living Word reveals the invisible God. Compare John 1:18.

and. Note the Figure of speech Polysyndeton. App-6. with. Greek. pros. App-104. Implying personal presence and relation. Compare John 1:18.

God. With the Art. = the revealed God of the Bible. App-98.

the Word was God. This is correct. The Art. designates "the Word" as the subject. The order of the words has to do only with the emphasis, which is thus placed on the predicate, while "the Word "is the subject.

was God. Here "God "is without the Art., because it denotes the conception of God as Infinite, Eternal, Perfect, Almighty, &c. Contrast John 4:24.

[See the notes on chapter 1 Above that deals with this error of Bullinger’s. The indefinite article should be inferred here as the word is the only born God of v. 18 – ed].

 

Verse 2

The same = This [Word], or He.

 

Verse 3

All things. Referring to the infinite detail of creation. '

were made = came into being. Not the same word as in John 1:1.

by = through. Greek. dia. App-104.John 1:1. As in Romans 11:36Colossians 1:16Hebrews 1:2.

and without, &c. Note the Figure of speech Pleonasm. App-6.

without = apart from.

was = came into being. Not the same word as in John 1:1.

not any thing = not even one thing. Greek oude, compound of ou. App-105.

was made = hath come into being.

 

Verse 4

life. Greek. zoe. App-170.: i.e. the fountain of life. Hence 1Jn 5:11, 1 John 5:12, and Psalms 36:8, manifested (John 1:4 ); obtained (John 3:16 ); possessed (John 4:14 ); sustained (John 6:35 ); ministered (John 7:38 ); abounding (John 10:10 ); resurrection (John 11:24John 11:25 ). A characteristic word of this Gospel. See note on p. 1511.

the light. Not a light. Compare John 8:12. Greek phos. App-130. A characteristic word of this Gospel. See note on p. 1511.

men. Greek. Plural of anthropos. App-123.

 

Verse 5

shineth. Greek. phaino. App-106.

darkness = the darkness. Pre supposing the Fall. Genesis 3:18.

comprehended it. This is direct from the Vulgate. The Greek kata is so rendered only here. It means, overcame or overpowered Him not. See 1 Thessalonians 5:4 (overtake). Mark 9:18Mark 8:3Mark 8:4 (take); John 12:35 (come upon hostilely).

it. Referring grammatically to phos, the light (neuter); but logically to the Word. Quoted by Tatian (AD 150-170), Greek t. ad Graecos, xiii. Note the Figure of speech Parechesis ( App-6 ) in the Aramaic (not in the Greek or English), "darkness comprehended". Aramaean. k'bel kabel.

not. Greek. ou. App-105.

 

Verse 6

There was = There arose. Not the same word as in John 1:1.

sent. Compare Malachi 3:1. Greek apostello ( App-174.), whence we have our "Apostle" = one sent. John not only came, but was "sent".

from = from beside. Greek para. App-104. Not "by", but from. Compare John 15:26.

God. No Art. Compare John 1:1. App-98.

John : i.e. John the Baptist; the John of the narrative, not of the Gospel. Occurs twenty times, and is never distinguished by the title "Baptist", as in Matthew, Mark, and Luke.

 

Verse 7

for a witness : i.e. with a view to bearing witness; not merely to be a witness. That would be martur (mart us, as in Acts 1:8Acts 1:22, &c.) This is marturia = a bearing witness. Greek. eis. App-104. Not the same word as in John 1:16.

to bear witness = in order that (Greek. hina) he might bear witness. Greek martureo, a characteristic word of this Gospel. See note on p. 1611,

witness. Greek marturia, a characteristic word of this Gospel.

of = concerning. Greek. peri. App-104.

that = in order that. Greek hina. Often found in John.

all : i.e. all, without distinction.

through. Greek dia. App-104.John 1:1.

him. John the Baptist. Compare John 5:33.Acts 10:37 ; Acts 13:24.

believe. See App-150. A characteristic word of this Gospel. See note on p. 1611.

 

Verse 8

he = That one. Compare John 2:21.

that Light = the Light. Compare John 9:5 ; John 12:35.

was sent. Supply "came" from John 1:7.

 

Verse 9

That, &c. Render: [He] was the true (or very) Light, that which, coming into the world, lighteneth every man (without distinction). We should connect this "coming" with "the Light "(with Revised Version): because "coming into the world" is continually associated with the Lord. See John 3:19 ; John 6:14 ; John 9:39 ; John 11:27 ; John 12:46 ; John 16:28 ; John 18:37. Note esp. John 3:19 and John 12:46. Many lamps found in the tombs at Gezer (1 Kings 9:15-17 ) have inscribed on them "The light of Messiah shines for all".

true = very. Greek alethinos. App-175. A characteristic word of this Gospel. See note on p. 1511.

every man: i, e. without distinction, as the sun shines on all (Matthew 5:45, &c.) Greek. panta anthropon. Not collectively, but individually and personally. For centuries Israel only had this light, and Gentiles were the exception. Henceforth there was to be no dis tinction. Gentiles were to be blessed with Abraham's seed in the days of Messiah. Compare Genesis 12:3.Romans 15:8-12.

into. Greek. eis. App-104.

world. Greek. kosmos. App-129. A characteristic word in this Gospel. See note on p. 1511.

 

Verse 10

was made = came into being.

knew. Greek. ginosko. App-132. One of the characteristic words of this Gospel. See p. 1511.

 

Verse 11

He came. Denoting the definite historical fact. unto. Greek. eis. App-104.

His own. Neut. plural: i.e. His own things, or posses sions. Supply ktemata (possessions), as in Matthew 19:22. Compare Matthew 21:33-41. What these "possessions" were must be supplied from Matthew 1:1, viz, the land of Abraham, and the throne of David.

His own. Masculine plural: i.e. His own People (Israel).

received = received (to themselves).

 

Verse 12

as many as : John 1:9 is collective; John 1:12 is individual.

received = accepted (from a giver). Not the same word as in John 1:11.

power = authority. App-172.

the sons = children. Greek. Plural of teknon. Not "sons". In John the word huios = son, is mostly reserved for the Lord Himself. See note 2, p. 1511. In John teknon Occurs only here, John 8:39, and John 11:52. App-108. Paul uses both "children "and "sons, "of believers, but John uses the former only. See note 2 in the book comments for John.

believe = [are] believing. App-150. See note on John 1:7.

on. Greek. eis. App-104.

His name : i.e. Himself. See note on Psalms 20:1.

 

Verse 13

Which = Who: i.e. those who believe on His name. But antecedent to any ancient MSS., Irenaeus (A.D. 178), Tertullian (A. n. 208), Augustine (A.D. 395), and other Fathers, read "Who was begotten" (Singular, not Plural) The "hos" (= Who) agreeing with "autou" (His name. Greek. onoma autou, name of Him). John 1:14 goes on to speak of the incarnation of Him Who was not begotten by human generation. The Latin Codex Veronensis (before Jerome's Vulgate) reads, " Qui... natus est". Tertullian (De carne Christi, c. 19) says that "believers" could not be intended in this verse, "since all who believe are born of blood", &c. He ascribes the reading of the Received text to the artifice of the Valentinian Gnostics of the second and third cents.) See Encyl. Brit., eleventh (Camb.) edn., vol. 27, pp. 852-7.

born = begotten. See note on Matthew 1:2, and App-179.

of = out of, or from. Greek ek. App-104. Not the same word as in verses: John 7:8John 7:14John 7:15John 7:22John 7:44John 7:47.

blood. It is plural (bloods) for emphasis, ace. to Hebrew idiom, as in 2 Samuel 16:72 Samuel 16:8Psalms 26:9.

nor = nor yet. Greek. oude.

will. Greek. thelema. App-102.

flesh. A characteristic word of this Gospel. See p. 1511.

man. Greek. aner. App-123.

 

Verse 14

And, &c. Continuing John 1:13, and showing that John 1:13 also relates to the Word.

was made = became, as in John 1:3.

flesh. See note on John 1:13. The new mode of His being. Put by Figure of speech Synecdoche (of the Part), App-6, for His humanity.

dwelt = tabernacled. Occurs only here, Revelation 7:15 ; Revelation 12:12 ; Revelation 13:6 ; Revelation 21:3. See App-179.

among. Greek. en. App-104.

and we, &c. For other similar parenthetical remarks characteristic of this Gospel, See verses: John 1:38John 1:41John 1:42, Joh 38:44 ; John 2:9 ; John 2:8John 2:9, Joh 2:44, Joh 2:45 ; John 5:2 ; John 6:10John 6:23 ; John 7:2John 7:39John 7:50 ; John 9:7 ; John 11:2 ; John 19:31 ; John 21:7John 21:8.

beheld. Greek. theaomai. App-133. Not the same word as in verses: John 1:29John 1:36John 1:42, Joh 29:47. Compare Luke 9:32. 2Pe 1:16. 1 John 1:1 ; 1 John 4:14.

glory. The Shekinah. See Luke 9:322 Peter 1:17. Greek. doxa. One of the characteristic words of this Gospel.

the glory = glory. No Art. Note the Figure of speech Anadiplosis, App-6.

as of = exactly like.

the only begotten = an only begotten [Son]. As applied to Christ it Occurs only here, John 1:18 ; John 3:16John 3:18 ; 1 John 4:9. But it is used of an earthly relationship in Luke 7:12 ; Luke 8:42 ; Luke 9:38Hebrews 11:17. Septuagint for "only One", Psalms 25:16. See note there.

of = from beside: i.e. (sent) from beside. Greek. para. App-104. Not the same word as in verses: John 1:13John 1:15John 1:16John 13:22John 13:34John 13:35, Joh 13:40, Joh 13:44, Joh 13:47.

Father. See App-98. A characteristic word of this Gospel. Occurs 121 times.

full = abounding in.

grace and truth. A Hebraism for the sum of Divine revelation. Hebrew. chesed vehemeth. See Genesis 24:27 ; Genesis 32:10Exodus 34:6Psalms 40:10Psalms 40:11 ; Psalms 61:7.

truth. A characteristic word of this Gospel.

 

Verse 15

cried = hath cried aloud. was. As in John 1:1.

after me. In the order of ministry.

is preferred before me = had being before me (as to time).

for = because.

before me = first: i.e. (already) before me.

 

Verse 16

And. The texts read "For", but not the Syriac.

fulness. Greek pleroma.

all the. The Evangelist speaks here, not the Baptist.

grace for grace = grace in place of grace; new grace, continuous, and unintermitted. Ever fresh grace according to the need.

for = over against. Greek anti. App-104.

 

Verse 17

Moses. The first of 13 occurances in John (John 1:17John 1:45 ; John 3:14 ; John 5:45John 5:46 ; John 6:32 ; John 7:19John 7:22John 7:22John 7:23 ; John 8:5 ; John 9:28John 9:29 ). grace and truth. In the days of Moses there was grace (Ex. Joh 34:6, Joh 34:7 ), and the law itself was an exhibition of truth; but when Jesus Christ came, He was Himself the Truth, i.e. the very personification of truth (14. 6), and His life and death were the supreme manifestation of grace.

Jesus Christ. See App-98. d

 

Verse 18

No man : i.e. no human eye. Greek. oudeis. Compound of ou. App-105.

hath seen. Greek horao. App-133.

the only begotten Son. Lm. Tr. WI. Rm., with the Syriac, read "God (i.e. Christ) only begotten". The readings vary between YC and OC.

Which is = He Who is: like "was" in John 1:1.

in = into. Greek. eis. App-104. This expresses a continued relationship.

bosom. Figure of speech Anthropopatheia. App-6. Compare John 13:23 ; John 21:20.

he = That One.

hath declared = revealed. Greek exegeomai = to lead the way, make known by expounding. Hence Eng. "exegesis". Only here, Luke 24:35.Acts 10:8 ;.

 

Verse 19

record witness. Greek. marturia. See note on John 1:7,

the Jews. A characteristic expression of this Gospel see note on p. 1511), pointing to the consequences of their rejection of Messiah, when they would be Lo Ammi (= not My People): no longer regarded as "Israel", but as "Jews", the name given them by Gentiles.

sent = deputed. App-174.

from = out of. Greek. ek. App-104.

ask. Greek. erotao. App-134.

 

Verse 20

and denied not. Figure of speech Pleonasm ( App-6 ), for emphasis.

denied. Greek arneomai. In John only here, and John 18:25John 18:27.

but = and.

the Christ = the Messiah. App-98.

 

Verse 21

What then? = What then [are we to say]?

Elias = Elijah. Referring to Malachi 4:5.

that prophet = the prophet. Referring to Deuteronomy 18:18, Compare Acts 3:22Acts 3:23.

No. Greek. ou. App-105.

 

Verse 22

sent. Greek. pempo. See App-174. A characteristic word in this Gospel. See note on p. 1511.

 

Verse 23

I am, &c. Quoting from Isaiah 40:3. See App-107.

the = a.

the LORD. App-98.

Esaias = Isaiah. The first of four occurances of his name in John; and this from the latter part of Isaiah, which modern critics say Isaiah did not write. But see the Structure in the Isaiah book comments, and App-79.

 

Verse 24

were = had been.

Pharisees. App-120.

 

Verse 25

baptizest... ? App-115. They expected baptism, from Eze 86:25.

if. App-118.

 

Verse 26

baptize with. App-115.

know. Greek. oida. App-132. A characteristic

word of this Gospel. See p. 1511.

 

Verse 27

Whose shoe's latchet = the thong of whose sandal.

latchet = a little lace, or thong. O. Fr, lacet, a lace; dim. of lags, from Latin. laqueus.

 

Verse 28

Bethabara. All the texts read Bethania (with the Syriac) Identified by Conder and Wilson with Makht-Ababarah, near Jericho. Not uncommon then or now for two or more places to have the same name. See on John 11:3.

 

Verse 29

seeth. Greek. blepo. App-133.

Jesus. App-98.

unto. Greek. pros. App-104.

Behold. Greek. ide. App-133. Sing Addressed to the whole company. the Lamb of God. Referring to "the Lamb" spoken of in Isaiah 53:7, with possible reference to the approaching Passover. This was the title of our Lord for that dispensation.

Lamb. Greek amnos. Occurs only here, John 1:36 ; Act 8:32 ; 1 Peter 1:19. See John 21:15, where it is arnion, which occurs in Revelation twenty-eight times of the Lord, once of the false prophet (John 13:11 ).

of = provided by. See Genesis 22:8 and App-17.

taketh away = taketh [on Himself to bear] away. Greek airo. Compare Matthew 4:6 (first occurance)

sin. Singular. App-128.

 

Verse 30

of. All the texts read huper ( App-104 ), instead of peri ( App-104 ).

I said. See verses: John 1:15John 1:27.

 

Verse 31

made manifest. Greek. phaneroo. App-106.

therefore = on account of this Greek. dia ( App-104.John 1:1John 1:1 ). The purpose should be well noted. Compare Romans 15:8.

 

Verse 32

bare record = bare witness. Compare John 1:19, and see note on John 1:7.

saw = have beheld. Greek. theaomai. App-133.

the Spirit. See App-101.

heaves. Singular, without Art. See note on Matthew 6:9Matthew 6:10.

like = as it were.

abode. One of the characteristic words of John's Gospel and Epistles. See list and note 1 in the book comments for John. upon. Greek. epi. App-104.

 

Verse 33

see. Greek. eidon. App-133.

remaining. Greek. meno, John 1:32.

on = upon, as in John 1:32.

the Holy Ghost = holy spirit. Greek. pneuma hagion. No articles. See App-101.

 

Verse 34

I saw = I have seen. Greek. horao. App-133.

bare record = have borne witness.

the Son of God. App-98.

 

Verse 35

stood = was standing.

two. One being Andrew (John 1:40 ), the other probably John (the Evangelist), as he never mentions himself.

 

Verse 36

looking upon = having fixed his gaze on. Greek. emblepo. App-133. Occurs in John only here, and John 1:42.

walked = was walking about.

 

Verse 37

speak = speaking. Greek. laleo.

 

Verse 38

turned and = having turned.

Rabbi. App-98.

interpreted. Greek. herreneuo. Occurs only here, John 1:42 ; John 9:7Hebrews 7:2.

Master = Teacher. App-98. John 1:1.

dwellest = abidest. Greek. meno, as in John 1:32.

 

Verse 39

see. Greek eidon. App-133., but all the texts read "Ye shall see". Greek. horao. App-133.

with. Greek. para. App-104.

the tenth hour : i.e. of the day, according to Hebrew reckoning. The context must decide whether of the night or day. Here, therefore, 4pm. (Compare the other hours in John: here: John 4:6John 4:52 ; John 11:9 ; John 19:14. See App-165 ).

 

Verse 40

heard John speak = heard (this) from (Greek. pare. App-104.) John.

Andrew, Simon. See App-141.

 

Verse 41

he = This one.

first findeth. Andrew is the first to find his brother, and afterwards John finds his. The Latin Version (Cod. Vercellensis, Cent. 4) must have read Greek. prof = early [in the morning]; not protos, as in the Rec. text. Not primum = first, as in the Vulgate.

the Messias = the Messiah. App-98. Occurs only here, and John 4:25.

 

Verse 42

brought = led. Greek. apo to. Greek. pros. App-104.

Jona. Aramaic for John. App-94. Cephas. Aramaic. Occurs only in 1 Corinthians 1:12 ; 1 Corinthians 3:22 ; 1Co 9:5 ; 1 Corinthians 15:5.Galatians 1:2Galatians 1:9.

A stone = Peter = Greek. Petros. See note on Matthew 16:18.

 

Verse 43

The day following. The last of these four days of John's ministry. (Compare verses: John 1:19John 1:29John 1:35, Joh 19:43.)

would = desired to. Greek. thelo. App-102.

Galilee. See App-169.

Philip. App-141.

 

Verse 44

of = from. Greek. apo. App-104.

the city. Greek. out of (Greek. ek. App-104.) the city.

 

Verse 45

Nathanael = the gift of God. Hebrew. Nethane'el

; as in Num 1:8. 1 Chronicles 2:14. Generally identified with Bartholomew (Aramaic. App-94.)

Law... Prophets. See notes on Luke 24:44.

did write = wrote. See App-47. Nazareth. App-169.

the son of Joseph. The words are Philip's, and expressed the popular belief. Compare App-99.

 

Verse 46

Can there any, &c. Figure of speech Parcemia.

out of. Greek. ek. App-104.

 

Verse 47

Israelite : i.e. not a "Jacob". See notes on Genesis 32:28.

indeed = truly. Greek alethos. Adverb of No. 1, App-175.

 

Verse 48

answered and said. Hebrew idiom. See Deuteronomy 1:41. App-122.

Before. Greek. pro. App-104.

under. Greek. hupo. App-104.

 

Verse 49

the King of Israel. Thus proclaiming the Person of the Lord, in connexion with the Kingdom.

 

Verse 50

under = down beneath. Not the same word as in John 1:48.

believest. App-160. See John 1:7.

see. App-133.

 

Verse 51

Verily, verily. See note on Matthew 5:18. In John always double. Figure of speech Epizeuxis ( App-6 ), for emphasis, twenty-five times (here, John 3:3John 3:5John 3:11 ; John 5:19John 5:24John 5:25 ; John 6:26John 6:32John 6:47John 6:53 ; John 8:34John 8:51John 8:58 ; John 10:1John 10:7 ; John 12:24 ; John 13:16John 13:20John 13:21John 13:38 ; John 14:12 ; John 16:20John 16:23 ; John 21:18 ). See note 3 in the book comments for John.

Hereafter = From henceforth. But omitted by all the texts (not the Syriac) It was conditional on the repentance of the nation, and will yet be seen.

heaven = the heaven. Singular, with Art. See note on Matthew 6:9Matthew 6:10.

the Son of man. The first occurance in John. App-98 and App-99.

 

Chapter 2

Verse 1

the third day. Of this first week: i.e. the third day after the last event (John 1:4-51 ), i.e. the seventh day. Compare the 1st (John 1:19-28 ); 2nd (29-34); 3rd (John 1:35-42 ); 4th (John 1:43-51 ). In Genesis, after six days there comes a marriage.

was = took place.

marriage = marriage feast, as in Matthew 22:2, &c. Sometimes lasting a week.

in. Greek en. App-104.

Cana of Galilee. Now Kefr Kenna, on the road from Nazareth to Tiberias. So called to distinguish it from Cana in Asher.

Jesus. App-98.

was there : i.e. was already there when the Lord arrived.

 

Verse 2

called = invited.

disciples. Probably six in number: viz. Andrew, Simon, Philip, Nathanael (John 1:40-51 ), with James and John (Mark 1:16-20 ). See App-141.

to. Greek. eis. App-104.

 

Verse 3

when, &c. = when wine failed. Quite a serious calamity.

wine. Greek. oinos. The only word for wine in the N.T. Septuagint for Hebrew. yayin. App-27. (Also for Tirash ( App-27 ) in Genesis 27:28Judges 9:13.Joel 1:10Joel 1:10 ).

the mother of Jesus. Never called Mary in this Gospel. She became John's "mother" (John 19:26John 19:27 ),

unto. Greek. pros. App-104.

 

Verse 4

Woman. Quite a respectful form of address. Not as in Eng. In Greek authors = Madam. what, &c. A Hebraism (2 Samuel 16:10 ).

Mine hour, &c. Marking a crisis, which is noted in John 2:11. A characteristic expression in this Gospel. See note on John 7:6.

 

Verse 5

servants = free servants. Greek. diakonos. Compare Matthew 20:26Mark 9:35.

Whatsoever, &c. Mary's last-recorded words.

 

Verse 6

six waterpots. See App-176.

waterpots = jars. Occurs only here, John 2:7, and John 4:28.

after the manner, &c. Proportioned to the number of the guests.

after = according to. Greek kata. App-104. the Jews. See note on John 1:19.

firkins. See App-51.

 

Verse 7

Fill. The first sign. Note "Cast", John 21:6, and see the

Structure in App-176.

with. Greek. idiom. See note, on App-101.

 

Verse 8

Draw out. Greek. antleo. Occurs only here, John 2:9 ; John 4:7John 4:15.

governor, &c. Occurs only here, and John 2:9. See Genesis 24:13Genesis 24:20.

 

Verse 9

ruler, &c. Same word as "governor", &c.

was made = had become.

knew. Greek. oida. App-132. See note on John 1:26. Not the same word as in verses: John 2:24John 2:25.

not. Greek. ou. App-105.

but, &c. See note on "and we", &c., John 1:14.

drew = had drawn.

 

Verse 10

Every man, &c. This is man's way: i.e. to give the good thing first, and the worse thing after. God's way is always the opposite. See note on Exodus 15:2.

man. Greek. anthropos. App-123.

well drunk = drunk freely.

worse = inferior.

 

Verse 11

beginning, &c. Our attention is thus called to the order.

miracles = the signs. A characteristic word in this Gospel. See p. 1511, and App-176.

manifested forth. See App-106. Compare John 21:1John 21:14.

His glory. This is the key to the signification of the eight signs of this Gospel ( App-176 ). See note on John 1:14.

disciples believed, &c. Compare verses: John 2:17John 2:22. Four hundred and fifty years since the Jews had seen a miracle. The last was in Daniel 6:0.

believed on. See App-150. See note on John 1:7.

 

Verse 12

After. Greek. meta. App-104.

down. True geographically. Compare "up", John 2:13.

Capernaum. Now Tell Hum.

and. Note the Figure of speech Polysyndeton. App-6.

continued. Greek. meno. See note on John 1:32, and p. 1511.

 

Verse 13

the Jews' passover. After the revival under Ezra and Nehemiah corruption proceeded apace (see notes on p. 1296), and the Lord found the nation as described in Malachi. Hence, what were once "the feasts of Jehovah" are spoken of as what they had then become, "feasts of the Jews" (John 5:1 ; John 6:4 ; John 7:2 ; John 11:55 ; John 19:42 ). See note on John 1:19,

passover. Greek. pascha, Aramaic. See App-94.

went up. Greek. anabaino, same word as "ascending", John 1:51 Compare "down", John 2:12.

 

Verse 14

temple. Greek. hieron. See note on Matthew 23:16. those. Denoting a class.

changers of money. Greek. Plural of kermatistes. Occurs only here.

 

Verse 15

made a scourge = plaited a whip. Occurs only here.

of = from. Greek. ek. App-104. Not the same word as in verses: John 21:25.

small cords = rush-ropes. Greek. schoinion. Only here and in Acts 27:32.

drove... out = cast out. Not the same event as in Matthew 21:12Matthew 21:13.Mark 11:15Mark 11:16Luke 19:45Luke 19:46.

them all = all: i.e. the animals, both the sheep and the oxen and the sellers.

and = both,

changers. Greek. kollubistes (from kollubes, a small coin). Occurs only here.

money = small coin. Greek. Plural of kerma. Occurs only here.

 

Verse 16

not. Greek. me. App-105. Not the same word as in verses: John 2:2John 2:9John 2:12John 2:24John 2:25.

My Father's house. This was at the beginning of His ministry. At the end He called it "your house" (Matthew 23:38 ).

My Father's. A characteristic expression in this gospel. Occurs thirty-five times. See p. 1511.

merchandise. Greek. emporion = market-place (not emporia, which = the traffic itself). On the later occasion the words naturally differ. Compare Matthew 22:5.

 

Verse 17

it was written = it is (or standeth) written. Compare John 6:31John 6:45 ; John 8:17 ; John 10:34 ; John 12:14. The zeal, &c. Quoted from Psalms 69:9. See the rest of the verse in Romans 15:3, and other parts of the Psa. in John 15:25 (John 2:4 ); John 19:28 (John 2:21 ). Romans 11:9Romans 11:10 (John 2:22 ). Acts 1:20 (John 2:25 ). See App-107. of. Genitive of' Relation. App-17. Compare John 3:3.

 

Verse 18

answered... said. See note on Deuteronomy 1:41 and App-122.

sign. Same as "miracle", John 2:11.

seeing, &c. Supply the Ellipsis ( App-6 ) = "What sign shewest thou to us [that Thou art the Messiah], seeing that Thou doest these things? "

 

Verse 19

Destroy, &c. The Lord's enemies remembered His words, and perverted them: saying, "I will destroy", &c. See Matthew 26:61 ; Mark 14:58.

this. See on Matthew 16:18.

Temple. Greek. naos. See note on Matthew 23:16.

raise... up. Greek. egeiro. App-178.

 

Verse 20

Forty and six years. Begun B.C. 20. See Josephus, Wars, I. xxi. 1.

rear = raise.

 

Verse 21

But He spake, &c. Figure of speech Epitrechon ( App-6 ). For other examples, See John 7:39 ; John 12:33 ; John 21:19.

he. Greek. ekeinos. Emph. in contrast with "thou" in John 2:20. See note on John 1:18.

spake = was speaking. Greek. lego of -se concerning. Greek. peri. App-104.

of = that is to say. Genitive of Apposition. App-17.

 

Verse 22

from = out from. Greek. ek. App-104.

the dead. No Article = dead people. See note on Matthew 17:9, and App-139.

remembered. Compare John 2:17. They remembered it after His resurrection, and believed it. Contrast His enemies. See note on John 2:19.

said = spake. Greek. lego, as in John 2:21.

believed. App-150. See note on John 1:7.

the scripture: i.e. that the scripture was true. Here, probably, Psalms 16:10. The word graphe Occurs twelve times in John: here; John 5:39 ; John 7:38John 7:42 ; John 10:35 ; John 13:18 ; John 17:12 ; John 19:24John 19:28John 19:36John 19:37 ; John 20:9.

word. Greek. logos. See on Mark 9:32.

said. Greek. epo.

 

Verse 23

Now when, &c. Note the Figure of speech Pleonasm ( App-6 ) in the triple definitions (for emph.)

at = in. Greek. en. App-104.

believed in. See App-150. Same as John 2:11, denoting a definite act.

in. Greek. eis. App-104.

His name = Him (emph.) See note on Psalms 20:1.

when they saw = beholding. Greek theoreo. App-133.

did = was doing.

 

Verse 24

But Jesus : i.e. But Jesus [for His part].

commit = trust. Same word as "believed "in John 2:23, but not the same tense. Here it denotes a continual action or habit. Greek pisteuo. App-150. See note on John 1:7.

because. Greek. dia. App-104.John 2:2.

He = He Himself.

knew. Greek. ginosko. App-182. See note on John 1:10.

 

Verse 25

testify = bear witness. See note on John 1:7.

what was in man. This attribute elsewhere attributed only to Jehovah (Jeremiah 17:10 ; Jeremiah 20:12 ). Here this knowledge was universal ("all", John 2:24 ), and individual ("man ").

 

Chapter 3

Verse 1

There was = Now there was.

a man. With special reference to the last word of John 2:0.

man. Greek. anthropos. App-123.

of. Greek. ek. App-104.

Pharisees. App-120.

Nicodemus. Mentioned three times (here, 1, 4, 9; John 7:50 ; John 19:39 ). Rabbinical tradition makes him one of the three richest men in Jerusalem. See Lightfoot, vol. xii, p. 252.

ruler. A member of the Sanhedrin, or National Council. See on Matthew 5:22.

 

Verse 2

to. Greek. pros. App-104.

Jesus. App-98.

by night. See John 7:50 ; John 19:39.

Rabbi. App-98.

know. Greek. oida. App-132.

teacher. Compare John 3:10. Greek. didaskalos. App-98. John 3:4.

come from God. Render: "Thou art come from God as Teacher".

from. Greek. apo. App-104.

God. App-98.

no man = no one. Compound of ou. App-105.

miracles = signs. See note on John 2:11.

doest = art doing.

except = if... not. Greek. ean me. App-118 and App-105.

with. Greek. meta. App-104.

 

Verse 3

answered and said. A Hebraism. See note on Deuteronomy 1:41. App-122.

Verily, verily. See note on John 1:51.

a man = any one.

born = begotten. See note on Matthew 1:2.

again = from above. Greek. anothen = from above: i.e. by Divine power, as in John 3:31 ; John 19:11John 19:23.Matthew 27:51.Mark 15:38Luke 1:3.James 1:17 ; James 3:15James 3:17. The Talmud uses this figure, as applied to proselytes.

cannot = is not (Greek. ou. App-105 ) able to.

see. Greek. eidon. App-133.

the kingdom of God. App-114. Occurs in John only here and in John 3:5.

 

Verse 4

unto. Greek. pros. App-104.

How... ? Note other such questions, John 4:91 Corinthians 15:35. All answered by "the gift of God "(John 3:16 ; John 4:101 Corinthians 15:38 ). The question implies a negative answer,

be born. Nicodemus misunderstands, and uses the Verb gennao of the mother. The Lord uses it of the Father, as meaning begetting.

old. Applying it to his own case.

into. Greek. eis. App-104.

 

Verse 5

of water, &c. = of water and spirit. No Art. Figure of speech Hendiadys ( App-6 ). Not two things, but one, by which the latter Noun becomes a superlative and emphatic Adjective, determining the meaning and nature of the former Noun, showing that one to be spiritual water: i.e. not water but spirit. It is to be rendered "of water-yea, spiritual water". Compare Ephesians 5:26, and See John 7:38John 7:39 and Ezekiel 36:25-27 for the "earthly things" of John 3:12.

enter. Showing what the Lord meant by "see", in John 3:3.

 

Verse 6

That which is born = That (Neuter) which has been begotten. Note the difference between this Perfect here and in John 3:8 and the Aorists in verses: John 3:3John 3:3John 3:4John 3:5John 3:7.

flesh. See note on John 1:13.

the Spirit : the Holy Spirit (with Art.) See App-101.

is spirit. This is a fundamental law, both in nature and grace.

 

Verse 7

not. Greek. me App-105.

 

Verse 8

The wind = The Spirit. The word pneuma, Occurs 385 times, and is rendered "wind" only here. It should be translated Spirit, as at end of verse. "Wind" is anemos. Occurs 31 times, and is always so rendered.

bloweth = breatheth.

it listeth = He willeth. App-102. The

Eng. "listeth" is Old Eng. for Anglo-Saxon lusteth; i.e. pleaseth or desireth.

the sound thereof = His voice.

canst not tell = knowest not. Greek. oida. App-132.

not. Greek. ou. App-105.

is born = has been begotten, as in John 3:6.

the Spirit : completing the Figure of speech Epanadiplosis ( App-6 ),

converting this verse into a most solemn and independent statement of facts.

 

Verse 9

these things. See Jeremiah 31:33 ; Jeremiah 32:39Ezekiel 11:19 ; Ezekiel 18:31 ; Ezekiel 36:25-27Psalms 51:10.

be = come to pass. Reference to John 3:4.

 

Verse 10

Art thou... ? or Thou art, &c. Not irony.

a master = the (famous) teacher; referring to his official position. Greek. didaskalos. See App-98. John 3:4.

knowest not = hast not got to know; or perceivest not. Greek. ginosko. App-132. See note on John 1:10.

 

Verse 11

testify = bear witness to. Greek. martureo. See notes on John 1:7 and p. 1511.

seen. Greek horao. App-133. Compare John 1:18 ; John 14:7John 14:9.

ye : i.e. ye teachers of Israel. witness. See note on John 1:7.

 

Verse 12

If Ihave. Assuming it as a fact. App-118.

earthly things. Eze 36:25-27. 1 Corinthians 15:40Colossians 3:22 Corinthians 5:1.Philippians 1:2Philippians 1:10 ; Philippians 3:19.

believe. App-150. i. See note on John 1:7.

if I tell. Supposing I tell. App-118.

heavenly = Plural of epouranios. Occurs only here and Matthew 18:35 in the Gospels. See Ephesians 1:3Ephesians 1:20 ; Ephesians 2:6 ; Ephesians 3:10 ; Ephesians 6:12.Philippians 2:10, &c.

 

Verse 13

And, &c. The kai (= And) here is a Hebraism, and does not mark the actual transition. There is nothing whatever in the context to show where the Paragraph breaks should be in this chapter; either in the MSS., or in the Versions. The Authorized Version varies in its different editions. The Authorized Version text in the Revised Version Parallel Bible has a at John 3:14 and John 3:16. The Camb. Paragraph Bible (Dr. Scrivener) has no break either at verses: John 3:3John 3:14 or 16. The Revised Version has a break only at John 3:16, with WI and Scrivener's Greek Text. The Companion Bible makes the important break at John 3:13, (1) because the Past Tenses which follow indicate completed events; (2) because the expression "only begotten Son "is not used b y the Lord of Himself; but only by the Evangelist (John 1:14John 1:18 ; John 3:16John 3:18 ; 1 John 4:9 ); (3) because "in the name of" (John 3:18 ) is not used by the Lord, but by the Evangelist (John 1:12 ; John 2:231 John 5:13 ); (4) because to do the truth (John 3:21 ) Occurs elsewhere only in 1 John 1:6 ; (5) because "Who is in heaven "(John 3:13 ) points to the fact that the Lord had already ascended at the time John wrote; (6) because the word "lifted up" refers both to the "sufferings ' (John 3:14 ; John 8:28 ; John 12:32John 12:34 ) and to "the glory which should follow" (John 8:28 ; John 12:32.Acts 2:33 ; Acts 5:31 ); and (7) because the break at John 3:13 accords best with the context, as shown by the Structure B, above.

hath ascended = hath gone up (of himself). It does not say: "hath been taken up by God, "as Enoch and Elijah. But Christ had "gone up" when the Evangelist wrote these words. ascended. Greek. anabaino. As in John 1:51John 2:13 ; John 5:1 ; John 7:8, &c. Matthew 20:17Mark 6:51.Romans 10:6.

to = into. Greek. eis. App-104. Compare Deuteronomy 30:12.Proverbs 30:4.Acts 2:34.Romans 10:6Ephesians 4:10.

heaven = the heaven. See note on Matthew 6:9Matthew 6:10.

but = except, literal. if not. Greek. ei me.

came down. Greek katabaino. The opposite of "gone up".

from = out of. Greek. ek. App-104. Not the same word as in John 3:2.

the Son of Man. See App-98.

Which is, &c = Who is, &c., and was there when John wrote. This clause is in the Syriac, but is omitted by WI, and put by Revised Version in the margin. Omit "even".

in. Greek. en. App-104.

 

Verse 14

as = even as. Reference to Numbers 21:9.

Moses. See note on John 1:17 and Matthew 8:4.

must = it behoved to, in order to fulfil the prophetic Scripture. See Luke 24:26Luke 24:46Acts 3:18 ; Acts 17:3, and compare Hebrews 2:9Hebrews 2:10.

be lifted up. See note on John 3:13.

 

Verse 15

whosoever = every one who. As here defined. believeth in. See App-150. (See note on John 1:7.) L reads epi; Lm T Tr. A WI and R read en. but have. Figure of speech Pleonasm ( App-6 ), for emph. The phrases "bath", "have eternal life", are the usual expressions in this Gospel for "live for ever "( App-151. a). Compare verses: John 3:16John 3:36 ; John 5:24 ; John 6:40John 6:47, Joh 6:54 ; 1 John 3:15 ; 1 John 3:51 John 3:11.

eternal. Greek. aionios. App-151. i: i.e. in Him. Compare 1 John 5:12.

life. See note on John 1:4. App-170.

 

Verse 16

loved. Greek agapao. App-135. A word characteristic of this Gospel. See p. 1511.

world. Greek. kosmos. App-129. See note on John 1:9. only, &c. See John 1:14.

Son. App-108.

everlasting. Same as "eternal" in John 3:15. See App-151.

 

Verse 17

sent. Greek. apostello. App-174.

to condemn = to judge. Greek krino. App-122. A characteristic word of this Gospel. See note on p. 1511.

through. Greek. dia. App-104.John 3:1.

 

Verse 18

the name : i.e. Him. See note on Psalms 20:1.

Son of God. See App-98.

 

Verse 19

this is = this is what it consists in; viz:

condemnation = judging: i.e. the process rather than the result. Greek. krisis. App-177.

light = the light. App-130. See note on John 1:4.

men = the men. As a class. App-123.

darkness = the darkness.

deeds = works. Plural of ergon. A characteristic word of this Gospel. See note on p. 1511.

evil. Greek. poneros = active evil. App-128.

 

Verse 20

doeth = practises, or (habitually) does. Greek. prasso

evil. Greek. phaulos = worthless, base. Occurs only here; John 5:29Titus 2:8James 3:16, in Rec. Text, but in Romans 9:112 Corinthians 5:10, in most texts for kakos. Here, plural worthless things.

neither = and... not. Greek. ou. App-105.

reproved = brought home to him. Compare John 16:8 (convince).

 

Verse 21

doeth. Actively produces, having regard to the object and end of the action. Greek. poieo. Compare the two verbs, prasso and poieo, in a similar connexion in John 6:29.

truth = the truth. Greek aletheia. App-175. A characteristic word of this Gospel. See note on John 1:14.

made manifest. Greek phaneroo. App-106.

are = have been, and still continue to be.

wrought in God : i.e. in His fear, or in His strength.

 

Verse 22

After = After (Greek. meta. App-104.) these things. A note of time, frequent in John. See John 21:1.

the land of Judaea : literally the Judan land. Phrasehere.

land. Greek. ge. App-129.

baptized = was (engaged in) baptizing. See John 4:2 and App-115.

 

Verse 23

AEnon = Springs. Now Farah. The springs near Umm al `Amdan, 7.5 miles below Beisan.

Salim. Still so called; east of Shechem.

much water = many waters (i.e. springs).

 

Verse 24

was = had been.

not yet. Greek. oupo, compound of ou.

prison = the prison. Compare Matthew 4:12.

 

Verse 25

Then = Therefore: i.e. on account of the facts stated in verses: John 3:22-24.

question = questioning.

between some of = [on the part] of. Greek ek. App-104.

and = with. Greek. meta. App-104. the Jews. All the texts read "a Jew". Greek. Ioudaion, with Syriac. But it has been suggested that Iou was the primitive abbreviation for Iesou (= of Jesus), and being repeated (by inadvertence) led to the reading Iou[daion] (= a Jew). This would agree better with verses: John 3:22-24 ; with "Therefore" in John 3:26, and with the action of John's disciples, and John's answer. See the Structure H2 above.

about = concerning. Greek. peri. App-104.

purifying = purification. Compare John 2:6Luke 2:22 ; Luke 5:14.

 

Verse 26

barest witness = hast borne witness. See note on John 1:7.

behold. Greek ide. App-133. Figure of speech Asterismos. App-6.

all. This was the gravamen.

 

Verse 27

receive = take [upon himself].

nothing. Greek. ou ouden. A double negative.

be given = have been given.

 

Verse 28

the Christ = the Messiah. App-98.

sent. App-174.

 

Verse 29

the friend, &c. He played a very important part in the wedding ceremonies.

rejoiceth greatly. Figure of speech Polyptoton ( App-6 ). Greek. chara chairei = joyeth with joy.

because of. Greek. dia. App-104.John 3:2.

 

Verse 31

from above. Greek anothen, same as "again" in John 3:3. earth. Greek. ge. App-129.

earthly = of the earth.

 

Verse 32

heard. Not "hath heard".

testimony. Greek. marturia. See note on "witness", John 1:7.

 

Verse 33

true. App-175. A characteristic word of this Gospel. See p. 1611.

 

Verse 34

words. Greek. Plural of rhema. See note on Mark 9:32.

for God, &c. Greek."for the Spirit giveth not [the words of God] by measure [unto Him]".

God. [L] T [Tr. ] A WH R., not Syriac, omit "God" here.

the Spirit. With Art. the Giver, not the gift. App-101. This was by measure unto John, but not unto the Lord. Compare John 15:26 ; Matthew 11:27. What John saw and heard was limited (verses: John 3:27-30 ).

by. Greek. ek. App-104.

 

Verse 35

The Father. See note on John 1:14,

into. Greek en. App-104.

 

Verse 36

believeth not = obeyeth not. Greek. apeitheo. Compare App-150. See note on John 1:7. Only here in John.

shall not see = will not see. Note the future here, in contrast with "hath".

see. App-183.

wrath = [permanent] wrath. Greek orge; as in Matthew 3:7Luke 3:7 ; 1 Thessalonians 2:16, &c. Not thumos, which = [temporary] wrath.

abideth. Present tense. See note on John 1:32.

on = upon. Greek. epi. App-104.

 

Chapter 4

Verse 1

therefore. See John 3:22.

the Lord. App-98. B.C. For the occurances of this absolute title in John, see John 6:23 ; John 11:2 ; John 20:20 ; and Compare John 20:2John 20:13John 20:18John 20:25 ; John 21:7.

knew = came to know. Greek ginosko. App-132. See note on John 1:10. Compare John 2:24.

Pharisees. App-120. (John never refers to the Sadducees by name).

Jesus. App-98.

made, &c. = is making and baptizing.

baptized. App-115.

 

Verse 2

Though = And yet.

baptized. It was not the practice of Jesus to baptize. Imperf. Tense.

not. Greek. ou. App-105. Compare John 3:22.

 

Verse 3

again. See John 1:43.

into. Greek. eis. App-104.

Galilee. See App-169.

 

Verse 4

He must needs = it was necessary [for] Him. See Josephus, Life, 52. Antiquities xx. vi. 1. A necessity not only geographical, but including the Divine counsels.

go = pass. Greek. dierchomai. Compare John 8:59.

through. Greek dia. App-104.John 4:1.

 

Verse 5

Then = Therefore.

to. Greek. eis. App-104.

Sychar. Now 'Askar. A village on the slope of Mount Ebal and north of Jacob's well.

parcel of ground = field or land.

that Jacob gave. Compare Genesis 33:19 ; Genesis 48:22.Joshua 24:32.

 

Verse 6

Jacob's well. Compare Genesis 49:22.

well = spring. Greek. pege. Not the same word as in verses: John 4:11John 4:12, but as in John 4:14.

with = from. Greek. ek. App-104.

sat = was sitting.

on : or by. Greek. epi. App-104. Compare John 5:2.

the sixth hour. Of the day, i.e. noon. See on John 1:39, and App-165.

 

Verse 7

of = out of. Greek. ek. App-104.

Give Me, &c. The first word. Note the seven ( App-10 ) times the Lord spoke to the woman, and the gradual ascent to the final declaration in John 4:26.

 

Verse 8

For, &c. See note on John 4:34.

unto. Greek. eis. App-104.

to = in order that (Greek. hina) they might.

meat. Put by Figure of speech Synecdoche (of the Species), App-6 for all kinds of food.

 

Verse 9

How, &c. See note on John 3:4.

askest. Greek. aiteo. App-134. 4, as in John 4:10.

of = from. Greek. para. App-104.

which am = being.

the Jews... the. No articles.

have... dealings = have... familiar intercourse. Greek. sunchraomai. Occurs only here.

no. Greek. ou. App-105.

 

Verse 10

answered and said. A Hebraism. See Deuteronomy 1:41 and App-122.

If thou, &c. Assuming the hypothesis as a fact. App-118.

knewest = hadst known. Greek. oida. App-132. See note on John 1:26.

the gift. See note on "How", John 3:4. Greek. dorea. Occurs only here in the Gospels, elsewhere only in Acts 2:38 ; Acts 8:20 ; Acts 10:45 ; Acts 11:17Romans 5:15, Rom 5:17. 2 Corinthians 9:15.Ephesians 3:7 ; Ephesians 4:7Hebrews 6:4. Note the eight gifts in this Gospel (John 4:10 ; John 10:11 ; John 13:15 ; John 14:16John 14:27 ; John 17:8John 17:14John 17:22 ).

living : i.e. perennial, unfailing. Understood by all Jews, from Jeremiah 2:13 ; Jeremiah 17:13.Zechariah 14:8. Greek. zao, a word characteristic of this Gospel. See note on p. 1511.

 

Verse 11

Sir. App-98.

well = a well dug out. Not the same word as in verses: John 4:6John 4:14. deep. In 1869 it was 105 feet, and had 15 feet of water.

 

Verse 12

Art thou, &c., or Surely Thou art not ( App-105 ).

thereof = out of (Greek. ek. App-104.) it.

and. Figure of speech Polysyndeton. App-6.

children = sons. App-108.

cattle. Greek. Plural of thremma. Occurs only here.

 

Verse 13

Whosoever drinketh = Every one who is in the habit of drinking.

shall = will.

 

Verse 14

whosoever drinketh = he who may have drunk (Greek. an, with Subjunctive Aor.)

never thirst = by no means (Greek. ou me. App-105 ) thirst for ever ( App-151 ).

be = become. in. Greek en. App-104.

well = fountain, as in John 4:6. Not as in verses: John 4:11John 4:12.

springing up = welling up.

everlasting. App-161.

life. See note on John 1:4, and App-170.

 

Verse 15

unto. Greek pros. App-104.

that. Greek. hina. See John 1:7.

not. Greek me. App-106.

come hither. Some texts read dierchomai (as in John 4:4 ) = come all the way hither (through, or across the plain).

 

Verse 16

husband. Greek. aner. App-123.

 

Verse 17

well. Compare John 8:48 ; John 13:13.Matthew 15:7Mark 12:32.Luke 20:39.

 

Verse 18

in. Omit.

truly = true. See note on John 8:33 and App-175.

 

Verse 19

I perceive. Greek. thebreo. App-133. See The Didache xi. John 4:5 ; and Compare John 4:42 here.

prophet. See App-49.

 

Verse 20

worshipped. App-137.

this mountain. Gerizim. The well was at its foot. (See Deuteronomy 27:12.)

men ought = it is necessary.

 

Verse 21

Woman. See on John 2:4.

believe Me. App-150. See note on John 1:7. This formula occurs only here and 14. 11.

neither... nor. Greek. oute... oute.

at. Greek. en. App-104.

the Father. See App-98, and note on John 1:14.

 

Verse 22

Ye worship... what. See 2 Kings 17:24-34, esp. John 4:33.

salvation = the salvation [which the prophets foretold]. Compare Luke 2:30.

 

Verse 23

cometh, and now is = is coming, and is now on its way. Its coming depended on the repentance of the nation, when all the prophecies would have been fulfilled. See Acts 3:18-26.

true = real. See note on John 1:9. App-175.

worshippers. Greek. proskunetes. Only here.

spirit. App-101.

in. No Preposition with the second "in". truth. App-175. See note on John 1:14.

 

Verse 24

God. See App-98., with Art. Contrast John 1:1.

a Spirit = spirit: i.e. not flesh, or material substance. Not "a" Spirit.

must. Note this absolute condition. Compare John 4:4 ; John 3:7John 3:14John 3:30 ; John 9:4 ; John 10:16 ; John 12:34 ; John 20:9, &c.

 

Verse 25

Messias = Messiah. App-98.

Christ. See App-98.

is come = comes, or shall have come.

tell. Greek. anangello. See John 5:15 ; John 16:13John 16:14John 16:15John 16:25 (shew). Compare App-121 John 5:6.

 

Verse 26

That speak, &c. = I am [He) Who am speaking, &c. This is the seventh and last of the Lord's seven utterances, and marks the climax. See note on John 4:7, and App-176.

speak = am talking.

 

Verse 27

upon. Greek. epi. App-104.

marvelled. All the texts read "were wondering". Greek. thaumazo. First occurance Matthew 8:10.

talked = was talking.

with. Greek. meta. App-104.

the woman = a woman. One of six things forbidden to a Rabbi by the Talmud; and she being a Samaritan caused the greater wonder.

 

Verse 28

men. Greek. Plural of anthropos. App-123.

 

Verse 29

see. App-133.

that ever = whatsoever.

is not this? = can this be?

 

Verse 30

Then. All the texts omit.

out of. Greek. ek. App-104.

came = were coming.

 

Verse 31

prayed = were asking. Greek. erotao. App-134.

Master. Greek. Rabbi. App-98.

 

Verse 32

meat. Greek. brosis = eating. Not the same word as in John 4:34.

of. Omit "of".

 

Verse 33

to. Greek. pros. App-104.

 

Verse 34

meat. Put by Figure of speech Metonymy (of Species), App-6, for all kinds of food. Greek. broma. Not the same word as in John 4:33.

to do = in order to do. Emphasizing the object and end, not the act. Compare Luke 2:49 ; Luke 4:4.

will. App-102.

sent. Greek. pempo. App-174. See note on John 1:22.

finish. Greek. teleioo. A characteristic word of this Gospel; here, John 5:36 ; John 17:4John 17:23 ; John 19:28. See p. 1511.

work. A characteristic word of this Gospel, most frequently in plural. See p. 1511.

 

Verse 35

Say not ye. Figure of speech Paroemia. App-6.

behold. Greek. idou. App-133. Figure of speech Asterismos. App-6.

look on. Greek. theaomai. App-133.

already. This does not refer to the present mission field, but to the then present expectation of national re pentance (on which the glorious harvest was conditional; by the proclamation of the kingdom. See App-119.

 

Verse 36

eternal. App-151.

 

Verse 37

herein = in (Greek. en) this.

is = i.e. is [exemplified] the true saying.

saying. Greek. logos. See note on Mark 9:32.

One... another. Greek. allos. App-124.

 

Verse 38

sent. App-174.

other men. Greek. Plural of allos.

laboured = have laboured.

are entered = have entered.

their : i.e. John the Baptist and the Lord.

 

Verse 39

believed on. App-150. See note on John 1:7.

for = on account of. Greek. dia. App-104.John 4:2.

testified = bore witness. See note on John 1:7.

 

Verse 40

besought = asked. Greek. erotao. App-134.

tarry. Greek. meno. See note on "abode", John 1:32.

with. Greek. para. App-104.

abode. Greek. meno, as above.

two days. See note on John 4:43.

 

Verse 41

believed. App-150.

because of. Greek dia. App-104.John 4:2. word. Greek. logos. See note on Mark 9:32.

 

Verse 42

said = were saying: i.e. as one and another spoke.

not = no longer. Greek. ouketi.

indeed = truly. Compare App-175., and p. 1511.

Christ = All the texts omit "the Christ", but not the Syriac. See App-94, note 3.

Saviour. In John only here, and 1 John 4:14. See note on Matthew 1:21.

the world. Greek. kosmos. App-129., i.e. of the Gentiles as well as the Jews. See note on John 1:9.

 

Verse 43

after two days. See John 11:6, and compare with the Seventh Sign. App-176.

after. Greek. meta. App-104.

two = the two; viz, those mentioned in John 4:40.

 

Verse 44

For Jesus, &c. Note the parenthetical explanation, and see note on "and we beheld", John 1:14.

a prophet. Figure of speech Parcemia. App-169.

his own country = h is native place. See John 7:41John 7:42. Which was Galilee ( App-169 ). The Lord had proved the truth of this proverb before He went to Cana (from Nazareth), as recorded in Luke 4:16-30. See App-97. The Lord went and returned thither, notwithstanding that experience.

 

Verse 45

received. Greek. dechgmai. Only occurance here in John.

seen. Greek. horao. App-183.

 

Verse 46

again... Cana, &c. Referring to John 2:1. made. Not the same word as "made" in John 2:9.

nobleman = a royal officer. Probably belonging to the court of Herod Antipas ( App-109 ). Greek. basilikos. Occurs only here; John 4:49Acts 12:20Acts 12:21 ; and James 2:8.

Capernaum. App-169.

 

Verse 47

at the point of death = about to die. Not the same miracle as that of the centurion's servant recorded in Matthew 8:5-12 and Luke 7:1-10. The two miracles differ as to time, place, person, pleading, plea, disease, the Lord's answer, and the man's faith, as may be easily seen by comparing the two as to these details.

 

Verse 48

Except = If not. Greek ean me. App-118 and App-105.

signs. See note on John 2:11. signs and wonders. See App-176.

not = in no wise. Greek. ou me. App-105.

 

Verse 49

ere = before. See note on Matthew 1:18.

child. Greek. paidion. App-108.

 

Verse 50

liveth. Greek. zao. A word characteristic of this Gospel. See p. 1511, and compare App-170.

 

Verse 51

And = But already.

servants = bond-servants.

met. Greek apantao, but all the texts read hupantao.

son = boy. Greek. pais. App-108.

 

Verse 52

Then = Therefore.

when = in (Greek. en. App-104.) which.

amend = get better. Greek. kompsoteron echo. Occurs only here in N.T.

the seventh hour = 1 o'clock p.m. Compare App-165.

 

Verse 54

the second miracle = a second sign. Having thus begun to number the signs in this Gospel, we may continue to do so, and complete the whole (eight). See App-176. See note on John 2:11.