Christian Churches of God

[F042]

 

 

 

Insiguro kuri Luka

Intangamarara n’Igice ca 1

(Canditswe 11.5 20220622-20220627)

 

 

 

Insiguro ku Bigabane vya 1-4.

 

 

 

Christian Churches of God

Agasandugu ka Posita 369, WODEN ACT 2606, AUSTRALIA

 

Courriel : secretary@ccg.org

 

 

(Copyright ã 2022 Wade Cox)

(Tr. 2023)

 

Izi nyigisho zishobora gukopororwa no gukwiragizwa k’ubuntu atakiguzi gisabwe mu gihe atacongeweko canke atagikuwemwo muri rusangi. Izina ry’Umwanditsi co kimwe n’ibimuranga hamwe n’uburenganzira bw’umwanditsi bisaba kugumizwamwo. Nta kiguzi gisabwa kuri uwo wese ahawe amakopi. Amajambo magufi arashobora kwandikwa mu gusobanura neza no kuyasubiramwo  neza mu gihe bitononye uburenganzira bw’umwanditsi.

 

Iki cigwa turagisanga ku buhinga ngurukanabumenyi kuri :
http://logon.org/ na http://ccg.org/

 


 Insiguro kuri Luka : Intangamarara n’Igice ca 1 [F042]

 


Intangamarara

Turazi ko Mariko na Luka batsitajwe n’amajambo ya Kristo yerekeye ukurya umubiri wiwe n’ukunywa amaraso yiwe maze bose baragwa bakaba basubijwe mu gakiza i Parthie ; Mariko yakiriwe na Petero, i Babuloni (1Petero 5:13) (F041) ; Luka nawe yafashijwe na Paulo, hoba hari i Antioche (Ivyakozwe n’Intumwa 13:1). Ubutumwa bwiza bukaba bwandikiwe i Babuloni n’i Antioche ninaho bwatangarijwe buranakosorerwa. Ubutumwa bwiza bwa Luka bushobora kuba bwasubiye kwandikirwa i Kayisariya (soma indanzi ya 14 n’indanzi ya 15 Itanguzwa ry’Ishengero rya bamwe Mirongwirindwi (No. 122D)).

 

Izina rya Luka (Lukas) ryagizwe rigufi canke riragabanywa ubundi bwo yitwa Lukios. Ribonekana incuro zitatu mu nyandiko zo mw’Isezerano Risha (Ab’i Kolosayi 4:14 ; 2Timoteyo 4:11 ; Ab’i Filipi 24).  Lukios (Lat. Lucius) iryo naryo ribonekana incuro zibiri (Ivyakozwe n’Intumwa 13:1 ; Abaroma 16:21). Ahantu hatatu hambere hatubwira ko Luka yari umuganga yakundwa cane na Paulo, n’abagendanye na we (sunergos Phil. 24), aho yar’agifungiwe, ngirango i Kayisariya, canke i Roma. Hariho iciyumviro ko Lucius na Cyrène i Antioche na  Lucius muvyeyi (suggenes mu Baroma 16:21) bose ukwo ari babiri n’ivyitegererezo kuri Luka mu butumwa bwiza no mu Vyakozwe n’Intumwa. Ikoreshwa ry’iyi mvugo muvyeyi rituma hiyumvirwa ko yoba yari Umuyahudi akaba atari Luka tuzi, ariko hariho ibindi vyiyumviro kuri iryo jambo, nk’uko na Petero yakunda gukoresha imvugo ngo umwana wanje iyo avuze Mariko, mu nyandiko yiwe (1Petero 5:13). Inyishu isa nk’iyiboneka. Se wa Luka yari umupagani w’i Cyrène nyina nawe akaba yakomoka mu muryango wa Paulo. Kuza kw’ijambo "twebwe" mu nyandiko zo mu burengero zo mu Vyakozwe n’Intumwa  11:28, niryaba atari iry’inyamo, rica ryerekana ko Luka yoba yarikumwe na Paulo i Antioche igihe c’ubuhanuzi bwa Agabo. Ivyo vyafatwa nk’ivyerekana ko Luka yoba ari we Lucius w’i Cyrène mu Vyakozwe n’Intumwa 13:1 kandi ibi vyaremejwe cane na Ephrem Syrus (nko mu kinjana ca IV). Ivyakozwe n’Intumwa 20:3-6 hasa n’aherekana ko Luka yarikumwe na Paulo i Korinto, ariho havuye iyo ndamukanyo ya Lucius abwira abasomye ivyiwe (Abaroma 16:21) (soma kandi Blair E.P. Luke (évangéliste), Interpret. Dict. of the Bible. Vol. 3, pp.179-180). Ntacerekana neza umwidondoro w’aba bantu bavugwa muri ibi vyanditswe. Eusèbe na Jérôme bo bashir’imbere Antioche, muri Siriya, nk’ikibanza abanditsi babamwo kandi ivyanditswe bimwe bimwe bishira imbere i Filipi. Hiyumvirwa ko iri jambo "twebwe" mu kigabane ca 16:10 vyerekana ko yari "umuntu w’i Masedoniya" yasanze Paulo i Tirowa kugira ngo avuge ubutumwa bwiza aho avuka. Yagumiriwe i Filipi maze ahamvya abandi haheze imyaka itari mike. Irénée, yama hafi y’ibirenge vya Yohana kandi akaba yigishijwe na Polycarpe, avuga ko Luka yavyanditse vyose ukw’ari bibiri. Co kimwe n’icitwa Canon de Muratoria (circa. 170-190 EC). Ibi bibonekana nk’ukuri.

 

Intangamarara ya Bullinger kur’ubu butumwa bwiza n’incamake nziza ituma iki cigwa kigenda neza. Nimba mukoresha Bibiliya yitwa KJV, vyobaye vyiza mukoresheje Bibiliya yitwa Companion Bible hamwe n’inyandiko za Bullinger, nk’uko biri hano muri iki cigwa [mu biri nyezina mu congereza].

 

Intangamarara ya Bullinger - Luka

Igenekerezo. Yanditswe mu myaka ya 60 canke 63 inyuma ya Yesu Kristo, ic’ukuri n’uko hari imbere y’isamburwa rya Yerusalemu, mu mwaka wa 70 inyuma ya Yesu Kristo, kandi hari igihe Luka yarikumwe na Paulo i Roma canke muri ya myaka ibiri yamara i Kayisariya.

 

Umwanditsi. Umwanditsi ni Luka, ni nawe yanditse Ivyakozwe n’Intumwa, kandi akaba yagendanye na Paulo mu gihe c’urugendo rwiwe rwa kabiri rw’ivugabutumwa (Ivyakozwe n’Intumwa 16:11-40). Yasanze Paulo i Filipi (Ivyakozwe n’Intumwa 20:1-7) agarutse avuye mu rugendo rwiwe rugira gatatu rw’ivugabutumwa aca aramukurikira i Sezariya no munzira y’i Roma (Ivyakozwe n’Intumwa 20-28). Yitwa "umuganga akundwa" (Ab’i Kolosayi 4:14) n’ "uwo basangiye igikorwa" na Paulo (Filemoni 24).

Ivyanditswe vyo mu Bakolosayi  4:4 bitwereka ko  "atakebwe" kandi, ivyo vyerekana ko, yari Umunyamahanga [umupagani]. Indanzi yiwe (Luka 1:1) ko ivyo yanditse atar’ivyo yiboneye n’amaso. Afatwa nka "mwenedata" ubutumwa bwiza bwamamaza cane mu mashengero yose (2Ab’i Korinto 8:18), kandi, mu gusobanura, baguma bavuga ko ari Umunyamahanga yihanye. Nk’uk’ubutumwa bwiza ubwabwo bubivuga, yariwe muntu azi vyinshi mu bandi banditsi b’Ubutumwa bwiza.

 

 

Ibimenyetso n’Intumbero

1. N’Ubutmwa bwiza bw’Indirimbo no Gutazira. Harimwo indirimbo nyinshi nk’akarorero Indirimbo ya Mariya [canke yitwa Indirimbo ya Mariya], (1:46-55), indirimbo ya Zakariya (1:68-79), indirimbo y’abamarayika (2:14) n’indirimbo ya Simeyoni (2:29-33). Hariyo ibice vyinshi vyo gutazira nk’akarorero (2:2 ; 5:29 ; 7:16 ; 13:13 ; 17:15 ; 18:43 ; 23:47).

 

2. Ni Ubutumwa bwiza bw’Isengesho. Yesu yarasenze ahejeje kubatizwa (3:21), ahejeje guhumanura umunyamibembe (5:16), imbere yo guhamagara bamwe cumi na babiri (6:12), igihe c’ugukayangana kwiwe (9:28), imbere yo kwigisha abigishwa biwe gusenga (11:1) yarasengeye abamwishe igihe yari kumusaraba (23:34), igihe yagira acikane (23:46). Luka aduha ibwirizwa rya Kristo ryo gusenga (21:36) n’imigani ibiri, incuti yo mugicugu (11:5-13) n’umucamanza agabitanya (18:1-8) kugira herekanwe ivyiza vyo gukomeza gusenga.

 

3. Ni Ubutumwa bwiza Bwerekeye Umukenyezi. Ntabundi Butumwa bwiza buha agaciro umukenyezi nk’ubu bwa Luka. Mubisanzwe, ibigabane bitatu vya mbere canke mbere igice kinini c’ibibirimwo n’ivyo yahawe, nk’uko "yavyerekanye neza vyose guhera ku ntango yavyo" (1:3), guhera kuri Mariya na Elizabeti. Araduha imvugo n’ubuhanuzi vya Elizabeti (1:42-42), Indirimbo ya Mariya (1:46-55). Ana n’ugutazira kwiwe (2:36-38), impuhwe yagiriye umupfakazi w’i Nayini (7:12-15), Mariya-Magadalene umunyavyaha (7:36-50), umugore yafasha Yesu (8:1-3), amajambo yo kuremesha yabwiwe umugore agwaye ubutinyanka (8:48), Mariya na Marita n’ivyabo (10:38-42). Impuhwe n’imfashanyo k’"umukobwa " wa Aburahamu (13:16), uguhoza abakobwa b’i Yerusalemu  (23:28). Izi ndanzi, zatororokanijwe n’abandi, ziraboneka cane kandi zirafasha kwerekana ikibanza gikomeye umukenyezi afise muri ubu Butumwa bwiza.

 

4. Ni Ubutumwa bwiza bw’Aboro n’Abakene. Gusumba ubundi butumwa bwiza bwose, Luka aravuga neza inyigisho za Yesu zose n’ivyo yakoze vyerekana ingene igikorwa ciwe car’ico gufasha abakene, abatitaweho n’abatishoboye. Hamwe muhakomeye havyerekana twovuga nk’ahagaruka kenshi ariko avugana n’abatozakori (3:12 ; 5:27, 29, 30, etc.), Mariya-Magadalene, yari umunyavyaha (7:36-50), umugore yaragwaye ubutinyanka (8:43-48), abasambanyikazi (15:30), umwana w’icangazi (13:11-32), umworo Lazaro (16:13-31), abakene, ibimuga, abagwaye n’impumyi batumiwe mu mazimano (14:7-24). Inkuru yo muri Zekariya (19:1-9), igikorwa c’Umukiza arondera intama zazimiye (8:10), umwambuzi yapfuye yihanye (23:39-43).

 

5. Ni Ubutumwa Bwiza bw’Abanyamahanga. Iki gitabo cuzuyemwo hose intumbero y’isi yose tutosanga mu bundi butumwa bwiza. Aha, turabona itangazo ry’umumarayika avuga akanyamuneza kazoba ku bwoko bwose (2:10) n’indirimbo ivuga ko Yesu "ar’umuco wakira Amahanga" (2:32). Amamuko ya Kristo gushika kuri Adamu (2:38) kandi ntibimuhuza na Aburahamu afatwa nka sekuru w’amahanga. Inyandiko nziza y’irungikwa rya bamwe mirongwirindwi (10:1-24), ico gitigiri casigura kikagereranya igitigiri c’amahanga y’abapagani, bategerezwa, atari nkabamwe cumi na babiri barungikwa ku ntama zazimiye zo munzu ya Isirayeli, ariko ngo baje mu bisagara vyose, aho Yesu yociye, aha biratomoye neza muri Luka. Umusamariya w’imbabazi (10:25-37) ni akarorero keza nk’incuti y’ukuri kubwa Kristo, kandi ukwo biri kwose, hagombwa kwerekana igikorwa ca Kristo kitarobanura amahanga. Ivyerekeye ba banyamibembe cumi bakira (17:11-19), umwe gusa, w’umunyasamariya, niwe yagarutse kumushimira, gutyo yerekana ingene abandi bantu atari Abayuda nabo bazohezagirwa na we, kandi bakazomukorera ibishimwa. Ivugabutumwa ry’I Pere hafi ya Yorodani (9:51-18:4, twogereranya 9:51-19:28), n’ivugabutumwa ryerekeje ku Mahanga kandi herekana ikibanza kinini Luka aha Amahanga mu gikorwa n’imihezagiro vya Yesu.

 

6. Ni Ubutumwa Bwiza bwerekeye Abagiriki. Nimba Matayo yandikiye Abayuda, Mariko na we akandikira Abaromani, vyari vyiza ko habaho uwundi muntu yandika kuburyo ahamagarira, cane cane, Abagiriki nk’irindi hanga riserukiwe. Kandi niko abanditsi b’Abakristo bo mu binjana vyambere biyumvira ko yariyo ntumbero ya Luka. Mu bisanzwe, Abagiriki ni bo baserukira ico ciyumviro n’isi yose kandi biyumvamwo. "Umugiriki akuze aba ari umuntu w’icitegererezo kw’isi", ashobora guhura n’abantu bose ku rugero rw’ubwoko. Ibimana vyose vyo mu bagiriki vyari bishushanijwe nk’abantu. Aba Hindous barashobora gusenga ikigereranyo conyene, Abaroma nabo bafata Umwami wabo nk’imana, Abanyegiputa nabo barashobora gusenga igihumeka cose, ariko Abagiriki basenga umuntu n’ivyiyumviro vyiwe, ubwiza bwiwe n’amajambo yiwe muri ibi basa n’abariko baregereza gutahura Imana y’ukuri icarico. Abayuda babona ko abantu bakomoka kuri Adamu, Abaroma ukurikije ukwo bayobora ubwami bwabo, ariko Abagiriki bo bafata umuntu nk’ukw’ari.

 

Ubutumwa bwiza bugenewe Abagiriki butegerezwa gushira imbere umuntu atunganye, ni co gituma Luka yanditse avuga k’Umuntu Mvajuru yaje gukiza abari kw’isi bose. Kristo yaramushitse ku mutima muri vyose kandi yaramwitwararitse nk’umuntu, yaba uwo hasi nyarucari canke uwo hejuru yubashwe. Kubw’ubugingo bwiwe, arerekana ububi bw’icaha n’ubwiza bw’ubweranda. Arerekana Imana neza kugira yisunge ivy’umushaha w’abagiriki ushaka no kuwuronsa akarorero n’umugenzi w’abato n’abakuze n’abantu bose. Ibikorwa vya Yesu vyarigijwe inyuma cane, kandi indirimbo z’abandi bantu zo n’amajambo ya Yesu vyarahawe agaciro, muntumbero yuko bagomba kunezereza Abagiriki bize. Nimba Umugiriki hari ico yoba agomba gukorera abari kw’isi, Luka yaramwugururiye imiryango muri kubu kandi yamuhaye ukudapfa kuzotuma haba kwikwiza muri vyose muri kazoza.

 

7. Ni Ubutumwa Bwiza burimwo Utugenegene. Renan avuga yuko igitabo ca Luka arico gitabo ciza kw’isi yose, aho ni mu gihe Dogiteri Robertson we avuga ko "ukuryoha kw’imvugo n’ukuvuga neza ivyabaye bigishira hejuru ya vyose". Ubwiza n’ido n’ido, inyubako n’ukudomako mu kuvuga ivyabaye vyerekana ko ari umusesanguzi nyawe. Mu bundi butumwa bwiza bwose, ubwiwe burimwo ikigiriki ciza kandi bukora ku mico n’imigenzo.

 

Icigwa : Yesu, Umukiza w’isi.

Umwihwezo

Intangamarara. Intasho y’ubutumwa bwiza, 1:1-4.

I. Ukwerekana Umukiza, 1:5-4:13.

1. Havugwa ivy’Integuza, 1:5-25.

2. Havugwa Umukiza. 1:26-38.

3. Ugushima kwa Mariya na Elisabeti, 1:29-56.

4. Ukuvuka n’Ubuto bw’Integuza, 1:37 fin.

5. Ukuvuka kw’Umukiza, 2:1-20.

6. Ubuto bw’Umukiza. 3:1-4:13.

II. Igikorwa n’inyigisho vy’Umukiza i Galilaya, 4:14-9:50.

1. Yigishiriza mw’isinagogi y’i Nazareti. 4:14-30.

2. Akorera i Kaperenawumu no mumicungararo yaho, 4:31-6:11.

3. Akora mu gutemberera i Galilaya, 6:12-9:50.

III. Igikorwa n’inyigisho y’Umukiza amaze kuva i Galilaya gushika yinjiye i Yerusalemu, 9:31-19:27.

1. Aja i Yerusalemu, 9:51 fin.

2. Igikorwa ca bamwe mirongwirindwi n’ibibazo bahuye navyo, 10:1-11:13.

3. Yerekana ivy’azi n’ibikorwa vya buri musi, 11:14-12 fin.

4. Inyigisho, ibitangaza n’imigani, 13:1-18:30.

5. Ivyabaye yegereje ubwanyuma i Yerusalemu, 18:31- 19:27.

IV. Igikorwa n’inyigisho y’Umukiza i Yerusalemu, 19:28-22:38.

1. Ukwinjira i Yerusalemu, 19:28 fin.

2. Ibibazo n’inyishu. Ikigabane ca 20.

3. Amasenge y’umupfakazi, 21:1-4.

4. Ukwitegurira iherezo, 21:5-22:38.

V. Umucunguzi ababarizwa isi, 22:39-23 fin.

1. Asengana umubabaro mu murima, 22:39-46.

2. Kumugura no kumufata, 22:47-53.

3. Urubanza. 22:54-23:26.

4. Umusaraba 23:27-49.

5. Amaziko, ukurangiza 23:30.

VI. Umucunguzi araninahazwa, Ikigabane ca 24.

1. Ukuzuka, 1-12.

2. Abonekera abantu n’inyigisho 13-49.

3. Ukuduzwa, 50 fin.

 

Ku cigwa n’ukubazanya

1. Ibitangaza bitandatu vyihariye muri Luka. (1) Ukuroba amafi, 5:4-11. (2) Ukuzuka kw’umuhungu w’umupfakazi, 7:11-18. (3) Umugore ahetamye, 13:11-17. (4) Umuntu arwaye urusina, 14:1-6. (5) Abanyamibembe cumi, 17:11-19. (6) Akiza ugutwi kwa Malikusi. 22:50-51.

2. Imigani cumi n’umwe, iri kwa Luka gusa. (I) Abaheranyi babiri, 7:41-43. (2) Umunyasamariya w’imbabazi, 10:25-37. (3) Incuti y’ukuri, 11:5-8. (4) Umutunzi w’igipfu, 12:16-19. (5) Umusukoni w’ingumba, 13:6-9. (6) Umugani w’ihera rizimiye, 15:8-10. (7) Umugani w’umwana w’icangazi, 15:11-32. (8) Umubwiriza mubi, 16:1-13. (9) Umutunzi na Lazaro, 18:19-31. (10) Umucamanza agabitanya, 18:1-8. (11) Umufarisayo n’umutozakori, 18:9-14.

 

3. Ibindi vyandiswe biri muri Luka gusa. (1) Ibigabane vya 1-2 na 9:51-18:14 ibi tubisanga muri Luka gusa honyene. (2) Inyishu Yohana Umubatizi yahaye abamubajije. 3:10-14. (3) Ikiyago ciwe na Mose na Eliya, 9:30-31. (4) Aririra Yerusalemu, 19:41-44. (5) Ugwuya gw’amaraso, 22:44. (6) Yesu arungikwa kwa Herode, 23:7-12. (7) Abagore b’i Yerusalemu baborogera Yesu, 23:27-31. (8) "Data,n’ubaharire", 23, 34. (9) Ukwihana kw’umwe mu bambuzi, 23:40-43. (10) Yesu yiyerekera abigishwa babiri mu nzira ija Emawusi, 24:13-31 ; (11) Ibijanye n’ukuduzwa kwiwe. 24:50-53.

 

4. Ni vyiza ko twokwiga aya majambo n’izi nyandiko zikurikira, tukandika n;indanzi zayo aho kimwekimwe tugisanga no mukwiga igice cose tuzisangamwo, muntumbero yo kugira tubone ko Luka yagerageje. (1) "umwana w’umuntu" (incuro23). (2) "Umwana w’Imana" (incuro 7). (3) "Ubwami bw’Imana" (incuro32). (4) Ivyerekeye ivyagezwe, ubucamanza, n’ivyemewe n’amategeko (incuro 18). (5) Umutozakori (incuro 11). (6) Umunyavyaha n’abanyavyaha (incuro 16). Uwitwa M. Stroud agereranya ko ibice 59 % vy’ivyanditswe muri Luka ko yoba avyiharije wenyene uwitwa M. Weiss nawe agereranya ko harimwo amajambo agera kuri 541 udashobora gusanga mu bundi butumwa bwiza.

 

 

- Luka

Vyanditswe na E.W. Bullinger

UBUTUMWA BWIZA NK’UKO BWANDITSWE NA LUKA

 

UKWO IGITABO CANDITSWE MURI RUSANGI.

"NG’UY’UMUNTU" (Zekariya 6:12).

Luka 1:1-2:52 IMBERE YO KWIGISHA KWA YESU. AMAMUKO.

Luka 3:1-20 INTEGUZA.

Luka 3:21-38 UMUBATIZO: W’AMAZI.

 Luka 4:1-14 UKUGERAGEZWA : MU BUGARAGWA.

Luka 4:14 - Luka 5:11 UBWAMI.

Luka 5:12 - Luka 9:21 UMWAMI.  

Luka 9:22 - Luka 18:43 UMWAMI.

Luka 19:12 - Luka 2:38 UBWAMI.

Luka 22:39-46 ASENGANA UMUBABARO : MU MURIMA.

Luka 22:47 - Luka 24:12 UMUBATIZO : W’UKUBABAZWA (URUPFU, UGUHAMBWA N’UKUZUKA).

Luka 24:13-49 UMUSUBIRIZI.

Luka 24:50-53 INYUMA Y’UKWIGISHA KWA YESU. UKUDUZWA MW’IJURU.

 

Kuvy’Isezerano Risha, n’urukurikirane rw’Ibitabo, soma Ivyongeweko-96.

Isano mu Butumwa Bwiza ukw’ari Bune, raba Itunganywa ku rupapuro 1304.

Kw’Itandukaniro riri mur’ubwo Butumwa Bwiza Bune, soma Ivyongeweko-96.

Kw’Ihuriro ry’ubu Butumwa Bwiza Bune, soma Ivyongeweko-97.

Kucakane c’Ubwami bwa Yesu, soma Ivyongeweko-119.

Kubw’amajambo, etc., ari mu Butumwa Bwiza bwa Luka, soma amajambo ashika 260 ari musi.

 

AMAJAMBO YEREKEYE UBUTUMWA BWIZA BWA LUKA

Intumbero mvajuru y’Ubutumwa Bwiza bwa Luka n’ubwo kwerekana Umukiza nka Mesiya, "umwami wa Isirayeli", nko mu Butumwa Bwiza bwa Matayo, canke nk’umukozi wa Yehova, co kimwe nko muri Mariko, ariko nk’ico yari co imbere y’amaso ya Yehova, nk’UMUNTU w’icitegererezo, Umuntu izina ryiwe ari Shami" (Zekariya 6:12). Soma inyubako y’ubu Butumwa Bwiza Bune ku rupapuro 1304.

 

Muri Luka, Umwami Yesu avugwa nk "umugenzi w’abatozakori n’abanyavyaha", abantu babonwa nabi n’abantu bose (Luka 5:29, etc. ; Luka 7:29, Luka 7:34, Luka 7:37, etc.) ; Luka 18:9, etc. ; 23:39, etc.) ; nk’uwerekana ubugwaneza, urukundo n’ubuntu (Luka 7:13 ; Luka 7:11, etc. ; Luka 19:41, etc. ; 23:28, etc.). Niyo mpamvu ari Luka wenyene yanditse ivyo muri (Luka 6:6, Luka 6:27, etc. ; 11:41, etc. ; 13:1, etc. ; 14:1, etc. ; 17:11, etc.). Ni Luka wenyene yanditse umugani w’Umusamariya w’imbabazi (Luka 10:30, etc.) ; kandi tumenye ko umunyamibembe umwe yagarutse gushima Imana yari Umunyasamariya (Luka 17:16, Luka 17:18).

 

Ni ho dusanga ivyerekeye abakenyezi vyinshi, abo, bafatwa nk’abatagira ijambo mu bayuda, bibonyemwo bibaha icubahiro : Elisabeti, Ana, umupfakazi w’i Nayini (Luka 7:11, Luka 7:15) ; uwihanye  (Luka 7:37, etc.) ; abakenyezi bamusukurira (Luka 8:2, etc.) ; "abakobwa b’i Yerusalemu" (Luka 23:27, etc.) ; Marita (Luka 10:38, Luka 10:41) na Mariya, w’i Betaniya (Luka 10:39, Luka 10:42) ; Mariya Magadalene (Luka 24:10).

 

Nk’Umuntu w’icitegererezo, Umwami yerekanwa nk’uwurindwa na Data, mu gusenga (Luka 3:21 ; Luka 5:16 ; Luka 1:12 ; Luka 9:18, Luka 9:29 ; Luka 11:1 ; Luka 18:1 ; Luka 22:32, Luka 22:41 ; Luka 34:46). Mu ncuro zitandatu zizwi neza, Umwami avugwa ariko arasenga ; kandi ntikari musi y’incuro ndwi, bisabwa "guhimbaza Imana" mu gutazira (Luka 2:20 ; Luka 5:25 ; Luka 7:16 ; Luka 13:13 ; Luka 17:15 ; Luka 18:43 ; Luka 23:47).

 

Indirimbo Zine ziri muri Luka gusa  :  Magnifiac Mariya (Luka 1:46-55) ;  Benedictus ya Zekariya (Luka 1:68-79) ; Nunc Dimittis ya Simeyoni (Luka 2:29-32) ; na Gloria in Excelsis y’abamarayika (Luka 2:14).

 

Ibitangaza bitandatu dusanga muri Luka gusa (ibivuga uburanga bw’Umwami Yesu tubisanga muri Luka) n’ibi :

1. Ukuroba amafi (Luka 5:4 -11).

2. Yesu azura umwana w’umupfakazi w’i Nayini (Luka 7:11-18). 

3. Umugore ahetamye (Luka 13:11-17). 

4. Yesu akiza umuntu arwaye urusina (Luka 14:1-6).

5. Yesu akiza Abanyamibembe Cumi (Luka 17:11-19). 

6. Akiza Malikusi (Luka 22:50, 51).

 

Imigani cumi n’umwe iri muri Luka gusa (yose ifise insiguro zigomba gusa) ni yo y’iyi :

1. Abaheranyi babiri (Luka 7:41-43). 

2. Umusamariya w’Imbabazi (Luka 10:30-37). 

3. Incuti y’ukuri (Luka 11:5-8). 

4. Umutunzi w’igipfu (Luka 12:16-21).

5. Umusukoni w’ingumba (Luka 13:6-9). 

6. Umugani w’ihera rizimiye (Luka 15:8-10). 

7. Umwana w’icangazi (Luka 15:11-32). 

8. Umubwiriza mubi (Luka 16:1-12 ). 

9. Umugani w’umutunzi na Lazaro (Luka 16:19-31). 

10. Umucamanza agabitanya n’umupfakazi amutakambira (Luka 18:1-8).

11. Umufarisayo n’umutozakori (Luka 18:9-14).

 

Ibindi vyabaye n’imvugo ziboneka dusanga muri Luka turashobora kuzigira hamwe bigatanga umusaruro umwe (Luka 3:10-14 ; Luka 10:1, Luka 10:20 ; Luka 19:1-10, Luka 19:41-44 ; Lua 22:44 ; Luka 23:7-12, Luka 23:27-31, Luka 23:34, Luka 23:40-43 ; Luka 24:50, Luka 24:53).

 

Na Luka ubwiwe, izina ryiwe ry’Ikigiriki (Gr. Loukas) n’incamake y’ikilatini Lucanus, Lucilius canke Lucius.* Naho ari we yanditse Ivyakozwe n’Intumwa, ntanahamwe yivuga; kandi izina ryiwe turisanga ahandi hatatu gusa : Ab’i Kolosayi 4:14 ; 2 Timoteyo 4:11 ; Filemoni 1:24 .

 

Ni mur’ibi vyanditswe n’ijambo "twebwe" ryo mu Vyakozwe n’Intumwa (Ivyakozwe n’Intumwa 16:10-17 ; Ivyakozwe n’Intumwa 20:5-15 ; Ivyakozwe n’Intumwa 21:1-18 ; Ivyakozwe n’Intumwa 27:1-44 ; Ivyakozwe n’Intumwa 28:1-16) dushobora gutororokanya ivyo tuzi kuri Luka. Tubona avugwa irya mbere i Tirowa (Ivyakozwe n’Intumwa 16:10), kandi guhera aho, turashobora kumukurikirana mu bindi bice bine twisunze ijambo "twebwe". Soma ivyanditswe kw’itunganywa ry’ivyakozwe n’Intumwa muri rusangi.

 

Ico twofata muri rusangi mw’itunganywa ry’ubu Butumwa Bwiza n’uko, mugihe muri Yohana hatarimwo Yesu Ageragezwa na satani ntihabemwo igihe yasengana Umubabaro, muri Luka ho s’ivyo gusa biriyo hariyo n’ivy’imbere y’ivuka ryiwe (Luka 1:5 Luka 2:5, A2, p. 1430) n’ivy’imbere y’ivugabutumwa ryiwe, bihurirwako n’Ubutumwa Bwiza ukw’ari Bune.

 

* Gushika n’ubu, biremezwa ko izina Loukas ritigeze risigura Lucius mukilatini ; ariko Sir W. Ramsay yarabonye, mu mwaka wa 1912, ku bihome vyo mu rusengero i Antiyoshe muri Pisidie, ahantu handitse amazina Loukas na Loukios kandi agakoreshwa ku muntu umwe. Soma The Expositor, déc. 1912. [Loukas na Lucius ubu afatwa nk’uko yoba akoreshwa nkaho asigurwa kumwe – hafatiwe kuvy’umwanditsi].

 

Luka Ibigabane vya 1-4 (BY)

 

Ikigabane ca 1

1 Abantu benshi bagerageje kwandika amajambo adonda ivyabaye muri twebwe, nk’uko twabirazwe n’abahereye ubwa mbere ar’ivyabona vyavyo n’abasuku b’ijambo ry’Imana. Nuko nanje, mpejeje gukurikiranya vyose neza mpereye ku vya mbere, nabonye kw’ari vyiza kubikwandikira uko bikurikirana, wewe Teyofilo umwubahwa, kugira ng’umenye neza yukw’amajambo wigishijwe ar’ay’ukuri adakekeranywa. Ku ngoma ya Herode, Umwami w’i Yudaya, harih’umuherezi yitwa Zakariya, wo mu mutigiri wa Abiya, kandi yar’afise umugore wo mu nzu ya Aroni, yitwa Elisabeti. Bompi bagororoka imbere y’Imana, bagendera mu vyagezwe n’amabwirizwa vy’Umwami Imana vyose, batagawa. Ariko ntibagira umwana, kuko Elisabeti yar’ingumba, kandi bompi bari bageze mu zabukuru. Maze yarikw’arakora igikorwa c’ubuherezi imbere y’Imana, ukw’imbu zabo zikurikirana, kandi nk’uk’umugenzo w’abaherezi war’uri, ni we yari yatoranijwe n’ubupfindo kwinjira ahera h’urusengero rw’Umwami Imana, kwosa imibavu. 10 Kand’ishengero ryose ry’ubwo bwoko ryariko rirasengera hanze mu gihe co kwosa. 11 Maz’umumarayika w’Umwami Imana aramwiyereka, ahagaze i buryo bw’igicaniro boserezakw’imibavu. 12 Zakariya amubonye ahagarika umutima, aterwa n’ubwoba. 13, Umumarayika aramubwira ati : Ntaco utinya, Zakariya, kukw’ivyo wasavye vyumviswe, umugore wawe Elisabeti azokuvyarira umuhungu, uzumwite Yohana. 14 Uzonezerwa, uzohimbarwa kandi benshi bazonezererwa ukuvuka kwiwe. 15 Kukw’azoba mukuru mu nyonga z’Umwami Imana. Ntazonywa vino cank’ikiboreza na kimwe; azokwuzuzwa Mpwemu Yera, ahereye ku kuva mu nda ya nyina ; 16 kand’azosanganya benshi bo mu Bisirayeli n’Umwami Imana yabo. 17 Azoyiza imbere  ari n’umutima wa Eliya n’ubushobozi bwiwe, ngw’asanganye imitima ya ba se n’iy’abana, n’intabarirwa azisubize ku bwenge bw’abagororotsi, ategurire Umwami Imana ubwoko buroranye. 18 Zakariya abaza umumarayika ati : Ivyo nzovyerekwa n’iki, ko nd’umutama, n’umugore wanje akaba ageze mu zabukuru? 19 Umumarayika aramwishura ati : Ndi Gaburiyeli, nama mpagaze mu nyonga z’Imana, kandi natumwe kubonana nawe no kukubwira ubwo butumwa bwiza. 20 Umve, uragobwa ururimi, kandi ntuzoshobora kuvuga, kugeza ku musi ivyo bizoberako, kuk’utemeye ijambo ryanje, rizoshika mu gihe caryo. 21 Abantu bari barorereye Zakariya batangazwa  n’ukw’atevye ahera h’urusengero. 22 Maz’asohotse ntiyagira ico ashobora kuvugana na bo, bamenya yuko har’ico yerekewe ahera h’urusengero : arabagereraniriza, agumya kuba ikiragi. 23 Maz’imisi yo gusasa kwiwe ishize, asubira i we. 24 Iyo misi ishize, umugore wiwe Elisabeti asama inda, atinya abantu amezi atanu ati : 25 Uku ni k’Umwami Imana inkoreye mu misi yandabiyemwo kunteturura mu bantu. 26 kandi mu kwezi kwa gatandatu, umumarayika Gaburiyeli atumwa n’Imana mu gisagara c’i Galilaya citwa Nazareti, 27 ku nkumi ikowe n’umugabo yitwa Yosefu, wo mu nzu ya Dawidi, izina ry’iyo nkumi ni Mariya. 28 Yinjira ah’ari, aramubwira ati : N’amahoro, ugiriwe ubuntu, Umwami Imana arikumwe na we. 29 Ariko we ahagarika umutima cane n’iryo jambo, yibaza iyo ndamukanyo iy’ari yo. 30 Umumarayika aramubwira ati : Nta co utinya, Mariya, kuk’ugiriwe ubuntu n’Imana. 31 Umve, uzosama inda, uvyare umuhungu kand’uz’umwite YESU. 32 Azoba mukuru,azokwitwa Umwana w’Isumba vyose, kand’Umwami Imana azomuha intebe y’ubwami ya sekuruza Dawidi. 33 Ahangame mu nzu ya Yakobo ibihe bidashira; ubwami bwiwe ntibuzogira iherezo. 34 Mariya abaza umumarayika ati : Ivyo bizobaho bite, ko ntaramenya icitwa umugabo? 35 Umumarayika aramwishura ati : Mpwemu Yera azokuzako, ubushobozi bw’Isumba vyose buzogutera igitutu; ni co gituma uwera azovuka azokwitwa Umwana w’Imana. 36 Kand’umve, Elisabeti mwene wanyu na we atwaye inda y’umuhungu mu butamakazi bwiwe, uwitwa ingumba uku n’ukwezi kwiwe kwa gatandatu. 37 Kukw’ata jambo rivuye ku Mana ribura ububasha. 38 Mariya aramubwira ati : Ehe nd’umugurano w’Umwami Imana, bimbere ukw’ijambo ryawe rivuzwe. Maz’umumarayika ava ah’ari, aragenda. 39 Mur’iyo misi Mariya arikora, agenda yihuta, aja mu mugamba mu gisagara c’i Yudaya. 40 Yinjira mu nzu kwa Zakariya, aramukanya na Elisabeti. 41 Maze Elisabeti yumvise indamukanyo ya Mariya, inda ikinagira muri we, Elisabeti yuzuzwa Mpwemu Yera. 42 Avuga n’ijwi rirenga ati : Mu bagore urahiriwe, n’imbuto yo mu nda yawe irahiriwe. 43 Kand’iki kimbereyekw’iki, nyina w’Umwami wanje kuza aho ndi?  44 Kukw’ijwi ry’indamukanyo yawe ryinjiye mu matwi yanje, inda igakinagizwa muri jewe n’umunezero. 45 Kandi hahirwa wewe wizeye, kukw’ivyo wabwiwe n’Umwami Imana bizoshika. 46 Mariya aravuga ati : Ubugingo bwanje butazira Umwami Imana, 47 Umutima wanje unezererewe Imana Umukiza wanje, 48 Kuko yabonye ubufafara bw’umugurano wayo, kand’uhereye none, ab’ibihe vyose bazonyita umuhirwa, 49 Kukw’Iy’ubushobozi inkoreye ibikomeye, Kand’izina ryayo n’iryera, 50 Imbabazi zayo ziri ku bayubaha ku buzukuru no ku buzukuruza-kuruza babo. 51 Yerekanishije ubushobozi ukuboko kwayo, Yasabagije abibona mu vyo biyumvira mu mitima yabo. 52 Yirukanye abaganza ku ntebe zabo, Yashize hejuru abafafara. 53 Abashonje yabahagije ivyiza, Yirukanye abatunzi bagenda imvumure. 54 Yatabaye Isirayeli umusavyi wayo, maze ngw’imbabazi zayo izibuke, - 55 Nk’uko yabwiye ba sogokuruza, Kuzigirira Aburahamu n’uruvyaro rwiwe, ibihe bidashira. 56 Kandi Mariya amarana na we amezi nk’atatu, asubira i wabo. 57 Igihe co kuvyara kwa Elisabeti kirashika, avyara umuhungu. 58 Ababanyi biwe n’incuti ziwe bumva yuk’Umwami Imana yamugiriye imbabazi nyishi, banezeranwa na we. 59 Ku musi ugira umunani baza gukeba uwo mwana, bagomba kumwitiranya na se Zakariya. 60, Nyina arababwira ati : Oya, ni yitwe Yohana. 61 Baramubwira bati : Mu muryango wanyu kw’ata witwa iryo zina. 62 Bagereraniriza se, bamubaza ukw’agomba ko yitwa. 63 Zakariya yaka ico kwandikako, arandika ati : Izina ryiwe ni Yohana. 64 Bose baratangara. Uwo mwanya akanwa kiwe karazibuka, n’ururimi rwiwe ruragobodoka, aravuga ashima Imana. 65 Ababanyi babo bose baterwa n’ubwoba : ayo majambo yose akwira mu mugamba wose w’i Yudaya. 66 Abavyumvise bose babishira mu mitima yabo, bati Mbe none uyu mwana azoba umuntu ki? Kuk’ukuboko kw’Umwami Imana kwari kumwe na we. 67 Se Zakariya yuzuzwa Mpwemu Yera, avugishwa n’Imana ati : 68 Umwami ashimwe, Imana y’Abisirayeli, Kukw’igendeye abantu bayo, ikabacungura; 69 kand’iduhagurukirije ihembe ry’agakiza mu nzu ya Dawidi umusavyi wayo. 70 Nk’uko yavugiye mu kanwa k’abera yavugisha, bahereye mbere na mbere, - 71 Ngw’adukize abansi bacu n’amaboko y’abatwanka bose ! 72 Kand’igirire ba sogokuruza imbabazi, yibuke isezerano ryayo ryera, 73 indahiro yarahiye sogokuruza Aburahamu, 74 Kw’izoduha gukizwa amaboko y’abansi bacu, Tukayisenga ata bwoba, 75 Tur’abera tugororoka mu nyonga zayo imisi yacu yose. 76 Kandi nawe, mwana, uzokwitwa umuntu avugishwa n’Isumba vyose, Kuk’uzokwitangira imbere y’Umwami Imana gutegur’inzira yiwe, 77 Kumenyesha abantu biwe agakiza, kw’ar’uguharirwa ivyaha vyabo, 78 Kubw’umutima w’imbabazi w’Imana yacu, Ni wo uzotuma umutwenzi utugendera, uvuye mw’ijuru, 79 Ng’utambikire abicaye mu mwiza no mu gitutu c’urupfu, Urongorere ibirenge vyacu mu nzira y’amahoro. 80 Nya mwana arakura, agwiza inkomezi z’umutima, aba mu bugaragwa kugeza umusi yerekewekw’Abisirayeli.

 

Intumbero y’Ikigabane ca 1

vv. 1-4 Intumbero y’ivyanditswe na Luka

(Yohana 20:30-31 ; 21:25 Abanditsi b’ubutumwa bwiza bakoresheje aho bakuye amakuru hatazwi na bugingo n’ubu ; soma kandi 6:17-49n). v. 2 Ivayakozwe n’Intumwa 1:21 ; 10:39 ; Abaheburayo 2:3 ; 1Yohana 1:1, v. 3 Soma Ivyakozwe n’Intumwa 1:1 n’indanzi : Teyofilo ntiyar’azwi, ariko yari n’akamaro runaka gakomeye mu kibano (mbere gakomeye cane ; soma Ivyakozwe n’Intumwa 23:26n, v. 4 Yohana 20:31.    

 

1:5 -2:40 Ukuvuka kwa Yohana n’Ukwa Yesu

vv. 5-25 Umumarayika asezeranira zakariya ukuvuka kwa Yohana.

v. 5 Herode Uwuhambaye yatwaye kuva mu mwaka wa 37 gushika mu mwaka wa 4 IIC (Imbere y’Igihe Cacu). Yapfuye hagati y’amagenekerezo ya 1na 13 Abibu mu mwaka wa 4 IIC (Imbere y’Igihe Cacu). Kristo rero ntiyoba yavutse munyuma cane mu ntango z’ukwambere janvier 4 IIC kandi bishoboka ko ari kare cane mu mwaka wa 5 IIC, imbere y’urushana, kuko abungere bari mu mirima, Yohana nawe akaba yavutse mu mwaka wa 6-5 IIC, imbere ya Pasika yo mu mwaka wa 5 IIC, munyuma cane. Igihe umumarayika Gaburiyeli yabonekera Zakariya hari mubihe vya Pantekoti y’umwaka wa 7 canke 6 IIC, igihe c’ubupfindo bw’umunani yariko ikora. Soma Imyaka ya Kristo igihe Yabatizwa n’Ikiringo Ivugabutumwa ryiwe Ryamaze (No. 019). Ubupfindo bw’umunani bwerekanye Abiya, soma 1Ngoma 24:10. Ni vyiza kandi kumenya ko atawigeze aba umukuru mu Bambukanywe igihe c’ubuzima bwa Yesu, gushika inyuma y’urupfu rwiwe (soma Kuva kuri Dawidi n’Inyambukira, etc. (No. 067)).

1:8-9 2Ngoma 31:2 ; Kuvayo 30:1:6-8 ;

14-17 Indirimbo mu cubahiro ca Yohana.

v. 15 Guharura 6:1-4 ; Luka 7:33.

v. 17 Malaki 4:5-6 ; Matayo 11:14.

v. 19 Daniyeli 8:16 ; (F027viii) 9:21 (F027ix).

v. 25 Ubugumba cari ikimenyetso c’akamaramaza mu maso y’Imana, kuko kurondoka wari umugisha uri mu vyagezwe (Itanguriro 16:2n. 30:23 ; 1Samweli 1:1-18n ; Zaburi 128:3).

vv. 26-38 Umumarayika Gaburiyeli abonekera Mariyamu ku bijanye n’ivuka rya Yesu.

v. 31 Matayo 1:21

v. 33 Matayo 28:18 ; Daniyeli 2:44 ;

vv. 39-56 Mariya aja kuramutsa Elisabeti

v. 42 11:27-28 ;

vv. 46-55 Iki gisomwa (citwa Magnificat mu kilatini) gishingiye kw’isengesho rya Ana muri 1Samweli 2:1-10 kandi gishira hejuru icubahiro c’Imana.

v. 47 1Timoteyo 2:3 ; Tito 3:4 ; Yuda 25.

v. 55 Itanguriro 17:7 ; 18:18 ; 22:17 ; Mika 7:20 ;

vv. 57-67 Ivuka rya Yohana Umubatizi.

v. 59 Abalewi 12:3 ; Itanguriro 17:12 ; Luka 2:21.

v. 63 soma v. 13.

v. 65 Ugutinya, vyasobanuwe ngo ubwoba mu kigabane ca 5:26, vyerekana ugutahura ubushobozi bw’abantu aho bugarukira imbere y’Imana (2:9 ; 7:16 ; Ivyakozwe n’Intumwa 2:43,46-47 ; 5:5,11 ; 19:17)

vv. 68-79 Ubuhanuzi bwa Zakariya

 Benedictus ryavuye mu nsobanuro ya mbere y’ikilatini.

v. 69 Ihembe ry’agakiza aha risigura umwami azozanira ubushobozi abiwe ariko gakiza; ari nayo yari intumbero ya Mesiya (Zaburi 18:1-3 ; 92:10-11 ; 132:17-18).

v. 76 Malaki 4:5 ; Luc 7:26 ;

v. 77 Mariko 1:4 ; v. 78 Malaki 4:2 ; Abanyefeso 5:14 ; Umusi uzoza aho Imana izohezagira abantu bayo ikabashikana ku ndunduro v. 79 Yesaya 9:2 Matayo 4:16 ; Luka 4:18

v. 80 Yohana yabaye mu bugaragwa gushika aho yiyerekaniye ku mugaragaro muri Isirayeli. Uwo mwanya cari nk’ikiringo c’imyaka mirongwitatu. Umusi wo kwiyerekana kwiwe (soma 3:2, 3).

 

Ikigabane ca 2

1 Mur’iyo misi icagezwe kiva kwa Kayisari Augusito ngw’abo mw’isi bose bandikwe. Ukwo ni kwo kwandikwa kwa mbere wabayeho Kureniyo akir’icegera ca Kayisari i Siriya. Bose baja kwiyandikisha, umuntu wese aja mu gisagara cabo. Yosefu na we ava i Galilaya mu gisagara c’i Nazareti, aja i Yudaya mu gisagara ca Dawidi, citwa Betelehemu, kuko yakomotse mu nzu ya Dawidi mu muryango wiwe : aja kwiyandikishanya na Mariya uwo yakoye, yar’akuriwe. Bakiriyo, igihe ciwe co kuvyara kirashika. Avyara umuhungu w’uburiza, amuzingirakw’impuzu y’uruyoya, amuryamika mu bwato bw’inka, kuko bari babuze umwanya mu ndaro. Mur’iyo ntara har’abungere barara mu gahinga baraririye umukuku w’intungwa zabo. Umumarayika w’Umwami Imana  ahagarara iruhande yabo, ubwiza bw’Umwami bukayanganira irya n’ino, baterwa n’ubwoba bwinshi. 10, Umumarayika arababwira ati : Nta co mutinya, umve ndababarira ubutumwa bwiza bw’akanyamuneza kenshi kazoba ku bwoko bwanyu bwose. 11 Uyu musi Umukiza abavukiye mu gisagara ca Dawidi, ni we Kristo Umwami. 12 Iki ni co kimenyamenya canyu, murasanga umwana w’uruyoya azingiriwekw’impuzu y’uruyoya, aryamitswe mu bwato bw’inka. 13 Uwo mwanya hamwe n’uwo mumarayika haboneka ingabo nyinshi zo mw’ijuru, zihimbaza Imana ziti : 14 Icubahiro ni kibe ku Mana ahasumba ijuru, no mw’isi amahoro abe mu b’inezererwa ! 15 Ba bamarayika bahejeje kuva aho bari, basubiye mw’ijuru, nya bungere baravugana bati : Ngo rero tuje i Betelehemu, turabe co kintu cabayeyo, ico Umwami Imana atumenyesheje. 16 Bagenda banyaruka, babona Mariya na Yosefu n’uruyoya rubikiriwe mu bwato bw’inka. 17 Babibonye bababarira ijambo babwiwe kur’uwo mwana. 18 Abavyumvise bose batangazwa n’ivyo ba bungere bababwiye. 19 Ariko Mariya abika ayo majambo yose, ayiyumvira mu mutima wiwe. 20 Maze ba bungere bahindukira bahimbaza Imana, bayishimira ivyo bumvise vyose n’ivyo babonye, nk’uko babibwiwe. 21 Kand’imisi munani ishitse ngw’akebwe, bamwita YESU, rya zina ryavuzwe n’umumarayika, atarasamwa inda. 22 Imisi ishize yo guhumanurwa kwabo, nk’ukw’ivyagezwe vya Mose biri, bamujana i Yerusalemu kumushikanira Umwami Imana, - 23 nk’uko vyanditswe mu vyagezwe n’Umwami Imana, ng’umuhungu wese w’ubuzibura aze yitwe uwera k’Uhoraho; - 24 kandi ngo batange ikimazi, nk’uko vyavuzwe mu vyagezwe n’Umwami Imana, ngw’Intunguru zibiri cank’ivyana vy’inuma bibiri. 25 Kandi muri Yerusalemu har’umuntu yitwa Simeyoni; uyo yar’umuntu agororotse kandi yubaha Imana, yar’arorereye  uguhumurizwa kw’Abisirayeli, Mpwemu Yera yari kuri we. 26 Yari yarabwiwe na Mpwemu Yera yukw’atazopfa, atarabona Kristo w’Umwami Imana. 27 Ajanwa na Mpwemu mu rusengero; abavyeyi bajanye uwo mwana Yesu ngo bamugenze nk’uk’umugenzo w’ivyagezwe war’uri, 28 aramwakira, aramukikira, ashima Imana ati : 29 Databuja, noneh’urasezeye umusavyi wawe amahoro, nk’uko wavuze. 30 Kukw’amaso yanje abonye agakiza kawe, 31 ako wateguye mu maso y’amoko yose, 32 kuba umuco wakira amahanga, no kuba ubwiza bw’abantu bawe b’Abisirayeli. 33 Se na nyina batangazwa n’ayo majambo avuzwe kuri we. 34 Simeyoni arabahezagira, abwira nyina Mariya ati : Umve, uyu ashiriweho kugira ngo benshi mu Bisirayeli bagwe, benshi bavyuke, no kuzoba ikimenyetso kigawa, 35 kandi nawe inkota izogucumita mu mutima, ngw’ivyiyumviro vy’imitima myinshi bize biserurwe. 36 Kandi hariho Ana, uwavugishwa n’Imana, umukobwa wa Fanuweli, wo mu muryango wa Asheri, yar’umutamakazi wa kera, yabanye n’umugabo wiwe imyaka ndwi, uhereye ku kurongorwa kwiwe. 37 Kandi yamaze imyaka mirongumunani n’ine ar’umupfakazi, ntiyava mu rusengero gusenga, yisonzesha yinginga, ku murango no mw’ijoro. 38 Ako kanya aca araza, ashima Imana, avuga ivya Yesu, abibwira abari barorereye ugucungurwa kw’i Yerusalemu bose. 39 Banonosoye vyose nk’ukw’ivyagezwe n’Umwami Imana bivuga,  basubira i Galilaya mu gisagara cabo i Nazareti. 40 Kand’uno mwana arakura, agwiza inkomezi, yuzuzwa ubwenge, ubuntu bw’Imana bwari kuri we. 41 Kand’uk’umwaka utashe, abavyeyi biwe baja i Yerusalemu mu misi mikuru ya Pasika. 42 Nukw’amaze imyaka cumi n’ibiri avutse, baraduga, nk’uk’umugenzo w’iyo misi mikuru war’uri. 43 Banonosoye ivy’iyo misi, barahindukira, uwo muhungu Yesu asigara i Yerusalemu, abavyeyi biwe ntibabimenya. 44 Ariko bibwiye yukw’ari mw’igugu ry’abo bagendanye, bagenda urugendo rw’umusi wose, maze bamurondera mu ncuti no mu bo bazinanyi. 45, bamubuze basubira i Yerusalemu bamurondera. 46 Hashize imisi itatu bamubona mu rusengero, yicaye mu bigisha hagati, abumva, kand’ababaza. 47 Abamwumvise bose batangazwa n’ubwenge bwiwe n’ivy’abishura. 48 Bamubonye baratangara, nyina aramubaza ati : Mwananje, n’iki catumye utugirira utyo? Urabona twe na so aho twakurondereye tubabaye. 49 Arababaza ati : N’iki cabateye kundondera? Ntimwari muzi yuko bikwiye ko mba kwa Data ? 50, Ntibamenya iryo jambo ababwiye. 51 Amanukana na bo, aja i Nazareti, yama abumvira. Nyina abika ayo majambo yose mu mutima wiwe. 52 Kandi Yesu agwiza ubwenge no gukura no gushimwa n’Imana n’abantu.

(v. 14 iyi mvugo "abantu  inezerererwa" bisigura ab’Imana yatoranije nk’uko ibanezererwa (nk’abandi barongozi bo hambere cf. soma ivyo hasi muri Bibiliya yitwa, Ox. Ann. RSV)

 

Intumbero y’Ikigabane ca 2

vv. 1-7 Yesu yavukiye i Betelehemu.

v. 1 Matayo 1:18-2:23. Augusito yatwaye imyaka 27 IIC gushika ku mwaka 14 IC. Kugira ngo umuntu amenye ivy’iyo ngingo, nivyiza kwiga icigwa (No. 019). Ijambo isi yose ryerekana Ubwami bw’uburoma. Naho ivuka rya Kristo cari ikintu gikomeye cane, vyarazimanganijwe kugira ntihabeho kwibuka no guhimbaza iryo vuka. Noneho iyo migenzo n’ugesenga ibigirwamana n’abadayimoni (soma Imisi Mikuru y’Amavuka (No. 287)). Ikintu kimwe co kwizerwa twomenya ivuka ryiwe ritabaye ku wa 25 Kigarama, iryo genekerezo ryahimbarizwako umusi wo kuvuka kw’Izuba mu basenga Bayali (soma Amamuko ya Noheli na Pasika y’Ikinyoma Easter/Pâques (No. 235)). Kandi noneho ukuvuka kwiwe kwabaye kure mu kwezi kwa mbere janvier mu mwaka wa 4 IIC, turavye ivyanditswe muri Luka, ubupfindo bwa Abiya n’urupfu rwa Herode hagati y’igenekerezo rya 1n’irya 13 Abibu mu mwaka wa 4 IIC. Uwo musi mukuru ntiwigeze uhimbazwa mu Bakristo gushika aho wushiriweho n’abasenga Bayali muri Siriya, mu mwaka wa 375 IC, mu mpera ya Antiquité munyuma, mu ntango ya Moyen âge.

v. 7. Abizera Ubutatu bagasega ya mana y’ingore bavuga ko umuhungu w’imfura ar’ijambo ngo ridasigura ko hari abandi bana benshi Mariyamu yoba yaravyaye munyuma (ni ryo zina ryiwe ry’ukuri riri muri Bibiliya na Korowani, izina rya Mariya ntiriboneka munyandiko zambere nka nyina wa Kristo. Mariah [Marie] Mariya ryari izina rya mwenewabo, ari we muka Clophas, akaba nyinabo wa Kristo) (soma Umwigeme Mariyamu n’Umuryango wa Yesu Kristo (No. 232)).

Amalanje vyari ibitambara bazingiramwo uruyoya.

vv. 8-20 Abungere n’abamarayika

v. 9 Ubwoba 1:65n, v. 11 Igisagara ca Dawidi - Betelehemu.  Ivyemezo bitatu bikomeye vyerekeye Yahoshua yiswe Yesu hamaze kuba insobanuro z’ikigiriki za Yosuwa muri bamwe LXX Iesous, vyerekana ko yari Umukiza. Mesiya (Kristo canke uwasizwe w’Imana) n’Umwami nk’Umwana w’Imana (Matayo 1:21n. 16:16n ; Yohana 4:42 ; 2:36 ; 5:31 ; Filipo 2:11. v. 14 3:32 ; 19:38 Amahoro... Kubura kw’urudome mu nyandiko z’intoke z’ikigiriki zo munyuma nivyo bisigura ibiri ku murongo wa 14. Ikibanza c’igikorwa ciwe nk’umukiza birasiguwe neza mu cigwa Imana Umukiza wacu (No. 198). Soma kandi ivyigwa bikurikira vyerekeye ukuvuka kwa Mesiya muri Yosuwa, Mesiya, Umwana w’Imana (No. 134) ; ivyerekeye ivyabaye muri kahise n’ikirangamisi c’ivuka rya Mesiya tubisanga muri ibi vyigwa Imyaka ya Kristo Igihe Yabatizwa n’Ikiringo c’Ivugabutumwa Ryiwe (No. 019) ; soma kandi Urufatiro rw’Ukurema kw’Imana nka Alpha na Oméga (No. 229).

vv. 21-40 Yesu yerekanwa mu rusengero

v. 21 Matayo 1:21n.

vv. 22-24 Abalewi 12:2-8. v. 23 Kuvayo 13:2,12.

v. 25-38 Igihe cari kigeze co kweza Yesu mu Rusengero (Kwezwa no Gukebwa (No. 251)). Simeyoni na Ana (ntahandi tubasanga) berekana ukwizera kwabo muri Yesu nk’Umukiza, Kristo n’Umwami w’isi yose (soma umurongo wa 11n no haruguru). Bose ukw’ari babiri bari bigishijwe na Mpwemu Yera  (No. 117) ivy’ukuvuka kwa Mesiya kandi ko batopfuye batamubonye kandi bakama bahari barindiriye ko yerekanwa mu Rusengero. Gushik’ico gihe, abavugishwa n’Imana n’abarongozi nibo bashobora kuronka Mpwemu Yera bonyene bivuye ku Mana. Ukuvuka kwa Kristo kwategerezwa kubihindura mu Mugambi w’Imana n’Umugambi w’Agakiza (No. 001A) ibihe vyose no ku bantu bose no gutanga Mpwemu Yera kubabatirijwe bose mu Mashengero y’Imana uhereye kuri Pantekoti yo mu mwaka wa 30 IC (Igihe Cacu).

v. 25 Uguhumurizwa kwa Isirayeli kari agakiza Mesiya yotegerejwe kubazanira (vv. 26, 38 ; 23:51).

v. 26 Kristo w’Umwami = Kristo w’Imana (9:20).

v. 29-32  "Nunc Dimitus" yiswe ukwo bivuye ku majambo yambere yasobanuwe mu kilatini.

v. 29 kureka... akigira. Iyi mvugo ikoreshwa iyo umugurano arangije igikorwa. Mu mahoro n’ukugiranira amahoro n’Imana. v. 30 3:6 ; Yesaya 52:10.

v. 32 Yesaya 42:6 ; 49:6 ; Ivyakozwe n’Intumwa 13:47 ; 26:23

v. 33 Yosefu yiswe se kubera yari se akaba n’umurezi yemewe n’amategeko wa Yesu (nonobstant 1:34-35) (gereranya Matayo 13:55 ; Luka 3:23).

v. 36 Yosuwa 19:24.

vv. 41-52 Umwana Yesu avugana n’abigisha mu Rusengero Niho honyene havuga ugukura kwa Yesu. v. 41 Kuvayo 23:15 ; Gus. 16:1-8.

v. 46 Abigisha bari abantu bazi vyinshi mu kwizera kw’abayuda.  Baba bakwije imyaka mirongwibiri kugira bemererwe gukora mu mirimo y’Urusengero ku myaka mirongwitatu niho umuntu yashobora kwigisha Ivyagezwe. Ni yo Mpamvu, Kristo na Yohana batashobora gutangura kwigisha batarakwiza imyaka mirongwitatu. v. 48 Mariko 3:31-35.

vv. 50-51 2:19. v. 52 1Samweli 2:26 ; Luka 1:80 ; 2:40.

 

Ikigabane ca 3

1 Mu mwaka ugira icumi na gatanu Kayisari Tiberiyo ari ku ngoma, Pontiyo Pilato ar’icegera ciwe i Yudaya, Herode na we ar’umwami w’i Galilaya, na Filipo mwene se ar’umwami w’igihugu co muri Ituraya n’i Tirakoniti, na Lusaniya ar’umwami w’i Abilene, na Anasi na Kayafa ar’ abaherezi bakuru, mur’uwo mwaka ijambo ry’Imana rishika kuri Yohana mwene Zakariya, ari mu bugaragwa. Aja mu gihugu cose giherereye kuri Yorodani, yigisha abantu ukubatizwa kwo kwihana ngo bakurwekw’ivyaha : nk’uko vyanditswe mu gitabo c’amajambo y’uwavugishwa n’Imana Yesaya, ngw’Ijwi ry’uwusemerera mu bugaragwa ati : Ni mutegure inzira y’Uhoraho, mugorore iz’ibihamo ziwe. Umwonga wose uzokwuzuzwa, n’umusozi wose n’akarambi bizoringanizwa, ibigoramye bizogororoka, n’inzira z’ubukiru zizosenwa. Maz’abafise umubiri bose bazobona agakiza k’Imana. Nukw’abwira ishengero ryari rivuye i wabo rije kubatizwa na we ati : Mwa bana b’inzoka mwe, ni nde yababuriye ngo muhunge uburake buzoza ? Nuko mwame imbuto zikwiranye n’ukwihana : kandi ntimutangure kwiyumvira mu mitima muti : ko dufise Aburahamu ni we sogokuruza. Ndababwira yukw’aya mabuye Imana ishobora kuyavyuramw’abana ba Aburahamu. Arikw’incabiti igenekerejwe ku bitsina vy’ibiti, nuko rero, igiti cose kitama ivyiza kiracibwa, kigatererwa mu muriro. 10 Ishengero riramubaza riti : None tugire dute ? 11 Arabishura ati : Uwufise amapfundo abiri, rimwe narihe uwutarifise, n’uwufise ivyo kurya n’agire atyo. 12 Kandi haza n’abatozakori kubatizwa, baramubaza bati : Mwigisha tugire dute ? 13 Arabishura ati : Ntimugatoze abantu ibiruta ivyo mwagezwe. 14 N’abasoda baramubaza bati : Tweho tugire dute? Arabishura ati : Ntihakagire umuntu mutangisha impongano canke mwagiriza ibinyoma, kand’ingero zanyu zibabumbe. 15 Kand’abantu bari barorereye ibizoba, bose bakaburanisha imitima ngo kumbure Yohana yoba Kristo. 16 Yohana ababarira bose ati : N’ukuri jeho ndababatirisha amazi, ariko hazoza uwundusha ubushobozi, ntibimbereye no gupfundurura utugozi tw’inkweto ziwe : uyo azobabatiza muri Mpwemu Yera no mu muriro. 17 Urutaro rwiwe ruri mu kuboko kwiwe, ngw’akubure imbuga yiwe neza, yimburire ingano mu kigega ciwe, maz’umuguruka awuturire mu muriro utazima. 18 Kand’abarira abantu ubutumwa bwiza, abahanurisha ibindi vyinshi. 19 Maz’ahishutse Umwami Herode ku vya Herodiya muka mwene se, no ku vy’ibindi bibi vyose Herode yakoze, 20 kur’ivyo vyose Herode agerekakw’iki, yugaranira Yohana mw’ibohero. 21 Nukw’abantu bose babatijwe, na Yesu ahejeje kubatizwa, arikw’arasenga, ijuru rirakinguruka, 22 Mpwemu Yera aramanuka amugwako, afise ishusho y’umubiri usa n’inuma; ijwi riva mw’ijuru riti : Ni wewe Mwana wanje nkunda ukampimbara. 23 Aho Yesu yatangura kwigisha, yar’amaze imyaka nka mirongwitatu avutse, kandi biyumvira ko yari mwene Yosefu, Yosefu mwene Heli, 24 Heli mwene Matati, Matati mwene Yanayi, Yanayi mwene Yosefu, 25 Yosefu mwene matatiya, Matatiya mwene Amosi, Amosi mwene nahumu, Nahumu mwene Esili, Esili mwene Nagayi, 26 Nagayi mwene Mati, Mati mwene Matatiya, Matatiya mwene Semeyini,  Semeyeni mwene Yosiki, Yosiki mwene Yoda, Yoda mwene Yohanani, 27 Yohanani mwene Resa, Resa mwene Zerubabeli, Zerubabeli mwene Shalutiyeli, Shalutiyeli mwene Neri, 28 Neri mwene Meluki, Meluki mwene Adi, Adi mwene Kosamu, Kosamu mwene Elumadamu, Elumadamu mwene Eri, Eri mwene Yesu, 29 Yesu mwene Eliyezeri, Eliyezeri mwene Yorimu, Yorimu mwene Matati, Matati mwene Lewi, 30 Lewi mwene Simeyoni, Simeyoni mwene Yuda, Yuda mwene Yosefu, Yosefu mwene Yonamu, Yonamu mwene Eliyakimu, Eliyakimu mwene Meleya, 31 Meleya mwene Mena, Mena mwene Matata, Matata mwene Natani, Natani mwene Dawidi, 32 Dawidi mwene Isayi, Isayi mwene Obedi, Obedi mwene Bowazi, Bowazi mwene Salumoni, Salumoni mwene Nahasoni, 33 Nahasoni mwene Aminadabu, Aminadabu mwene Aruni, Aruni mwene Hesironi, Hesironi mwene Peresi, 34 Peresi mwene Yuda, Yuda mwene Yakobo, Yakobo mwene Isaka, Isaka mwene Aburahamu, Aburahamu mwene Tera, Tera mwene Nahori, 35 Nahori mwene Serugi, Serugi mwene Reyu, Reyu mwene Pelegi, Pelegi mwene Eberi, Eberi mwene Shela, Shela mwene Kayinani, 36 Kayinani mwene Arupakisadi, Arupakisadi mwene Shemu, Shemu mwene Nowa, 37 Nowa mwene Lemeki, Lemeki mwene Metusela, Metusela mwene Henoki, Henoki mwene  Yeredi, Yeredi mwene Mahalaleyeli, 38 Mahalaleyeli mwene Kayinani, Kayinani mwene Enoshi, Enoshi mwene Seti, Seti mwene Adamu, Adamu w’Imana.

 

Intumbero y’Ikigabane ca 3

Ivugabutumwa rya Yohana Umubatizi

vv. 1-18 Yohana Umubatizi ategura inzira ya Yesu (Matayo 3:1-12 ; Mariko 1:1-8).

v. 1 Mu mwaka ugira icumi na gatanu Kayisari Tiberiyo ari ku ngoma, Pontiyo Pilato ar’icegera ciwe i Yudaya. Pilato, yari we mucamanza afata ingingo yanyuma mu baromani kandi yarafise ububasha bukomeye i Yudaya (23:1). Ahasigaye hose mu bwami bwa Herode Uwuhambaye bwagabuwe mu bahungu ba Herode Antipas (9:7 ; 23 : 6:7) Filipo (kuvy’icegera, soma Matayo 14:1n.). Abilène, mu buraruko bw’aho Filipo yatwara hari hafatanye gushika mu kinjana ca mbere. Uwo mwaka uvugwa ni umwaka wa 27 IC (Igihe Cacu). Imyaka y’abami yatangura muri Abibu. Aho ni mugihe, umwaka w’ikirangamisi c’i babuloni, etc. watangurana n’Imboneko z’Ukwezi kwa Tishiri Ukwezi kw’Indwi. Imboneko z’Ukwezi baziruhukako nk’isabato mu kirangamisi c’Urusengero (soma Ikirangamisi c’Imana (No. 156)). Ikirangamisi c’Abayuda ca Hillel cashizweho mu mwaka wa 358 IC gikozwe na Rabbin Hillel II wa kabiri kandi nticemewe n’Amashengero y’Imana.

v. 2 Anasi [Anne] n’umwuzukuru wiwe Kayafa (Yohana 18:13) bakorera mu Rusengero nk’abaherezi. Kayafa yari umuherezi mukuru w’ico gihe (Matayo 26:3 soma ibiri mu cigwa F040vi ; Mariko 14:53-65 (F041iv) Yohana 11:49 ; 18:12-14). Igihe c’urubanza rwa Kristo, bibonekana ko Anasi yari mu gishingo ca Ab Beth Din, nk’uko twabibonye muri Matayo na Mariko amaja hasi, naho Schürer yiyumvira ko urwo rwego gwoba gwashizweho mu nyuma (soma kandi Ivyakozwe n’Intumwa 4:6). Luka arahushanya uburongozi bwemerwa n’abantu n’ubushobozi bw’ijambo ry’Imana (1Ab’i Korinto 1:26-31). Yohana soma Matayo 3:1n. v. 3 Mariko 1:4n. vv. 4-6 Yesaya 40:3-5.

v. 5 Iri somo riraterana intege mu mubiri no mu mpwemu, ariko ahari agakiza k’Imana haca haba n’urubanza (v. 7 ; Amosi 5:18-20),

v. 7 incira inzoka y’ubumara yaba muri ako karere (Yesaya 30:6 ; 59:5 ; Matayo 12:34 ; 23:33) Uburake soma Matayo 3:7n, v. 8 Yohana yabararikiye kugororoka no kubaho ubuzima bushingiye k’ubugombe bw’Imana (Matayo 7:15-20 ; Ab’i Galatiya 5:22-23) kandi bakama ivyamwa vyo kwihana (Matayo 3:2n). Ivyo kwitwaza ngo bafise Aburahamu nka se wabo n’amahirwe ashingiye k’ukuvuka atari mumyitwarire mu bijanye n’Ivyagezwe n’Ubugombe bw’Imana ari bwo butumwa bwahawe abanyamahanga barikumwe na Mesiya mu kiringo kigiye kuza (Yohana 8:33,39 ; Abaroma 2:28-29). v. 9 Umuriro n’ikimenyetso c’urubanza (Matayo 7:19 ; 13:40-42 ; Abaheburayo 6:7-8).

vv. 10-11 6:29 Ivyakozwe n’Intumwa 2:44-45 ; 4:32-35.

vv. 12-13 19:2,8, v. 15 Ivyakozwe n’Intumwa13:25 ; Yohana 1:19-22 Luka 7:19, v. 16 ivyakozwe n’Intumwa 1:5 ; 11:16 ; 19:4.

v. 18 Kand’abarira abantu ubutumwa bwiza = Yigisha ubutumwa bwiza bw’Ubwami bw’Imana bugiye kuza kubw’ikigongwe mu kwihana (v. 3) n’ukubaho kw’imigenderanire mishasha n’Imana (vv. 15-17).

 

Yar’intango y’ivugabutumwa nk’uko biri mu kimenyetso ca Yona, Yohana agafata iyambere dufatiye ko umwaka umwe ugereranywa n’umusi umwe mu maka wa 27 IC, maze Mesiya agasubirira Yohana igihe Yohana yashirwa mw’ibohero inyuma ya Pasika yo mu mwaka wa  28 IC hagakurikirako ikiringo c’imyaka ibiri aho Mesiya nawe yakora inyuma ya Pasika yo mu mwaka wa 28 IC gushika kuri Pasika yo mu mwaka wa 30 IC ; aho yaciye yicwa ku wa gatatu (mercredi) igenekerezo rya 5 ndamukiza umwaka wa 30 IC maze akamara imisi itatu n’amajoro atatu mu nda y’isi, maze akazuka samedi Isabato yo ku wa 8 irangiye hanyuma yurira mw’ijuru mu cumba c’ubwami bw’Intebe y’Imana dimanche mu gatondo isaha zitatu, ku wa 9 ndamukiza mu mwaka wa 30 IC, nk’Ishikanwa ry’Ivyeze Rizunguzwa (No. 106B) ry’Umwimbu w’Ingano. Yuda abona guhabwa Imyaka Mirongwine yo Kwihana, dufatiye ko umwaka umwe ugereranywa n’umusi umwe, aho ab’i Ninewe bo bihanye, Abayuda bobo ntibigeze bihana maze barahona mu mwaka wa 70 IC (Ikimenyetso ca Yona n’Inkuru y’Isubirakwubakwa ry’Urusengero (No. 013)). Ni co kimenyetso conyene cahawe Ishengero, nk’uko tubibona mu bundi butumwa bwiza, soma kandi Insiguro kuri Yona (F032) co kimwe n’Iherahezwa ry’Ikimenyetso ca Yona (No. 013B).

 

vv. 19-20 Herode aterera Yohana mw’ibohero.

(Matayo 14:3-4 ; Mariko 6:17-18).  

Ikivugwa ku mirongo ya 19-20 bisa nk’ibidahuye, kuko Yohana yapfunzwe inyuma y’ukubatizwa kwa Kristo, hakurikiye igihe c’ukugeragezwa/ugupimwa mu bugaragwa no gutoranya abo bafashanije mw’ivugabutumwa. Inyuma ya Pasika yo mu mwaka wa 28 IC, Yohana n’abigishwa biwe babatiriza ahitwa  Énon [Aenon], hafi y’i Salim, kandi Kristo nawe yari hafi muri iyo micungararo n’abigishwa biwe, naho Kristo ubwiwe atabatiza. (Matayo 14:3-4 ; Mariko 6:17-18).

 

vv. 21-22 Yohana abatiza Yesu (Matayo 3:13-17 ; Mariko 1:9-11 ; Yohana 1:29-34). Soma Matayo 3:16-17n, v. 21 Iri sengesho ryarimwo vyinshi vyerekana ubuzima n’ivugabutumwa vya Kristo (nk’akarorero, Mariko 1:35 ; Luka 5:16 ; 6:12 ; 9:18,28 ; 11:1 ; 22:41-46).

v. 22 Nkunda akampimbara soma Mariko 1:11n ; Zaburi 2:7 ; Yesaya 42:1 ; Luka 9:35.

Imyaka ya Kristo Igihe Yabatizwa n’Ikiringo c’Ivugabutumwa Ryiwe (No. 019). Har’ivyo dutahura dufatiye kur’aya majambo :

"Turazi neza, twisunze Luka 3:1, ko Yohana yatanguye ivugabutumwa mu mwaka ugira cumi na gatanu Kayisariya Tiberiyo ari ku ngoma’, bikaba bidashoboka ko yoba yaritanguye imbere y’ukwezi kwa gitugutu umwaka wa 27 IC, mu gihe dukoreye ku kirangamisi gisanzwe gikomeye cane mu Buseruko. Tiberiyo yatanguye gutwara igenekerezo rya  17 nyakanga umwaka wa 14 IC, duca dutora umwaka wa 27 IC gusa mugihe ukwezi kwa nyakanga guharuwemwo nk’uko ari mu mwaka wambere hama umwaka ugira kabiri wugatangura muri gitugutu umwaka wa 14 IC. Umwaka ugira 15 watanguye mu kwezi kwa gitugutu umwaka wa 27 IC. Uguhamagara kwa Yohana kugira ngo abantu bihane kwatanguye ku Musi Mukuru w’Impongano uwo mwaka nyene, birabandanya gushika kw’Ipasika y’umwaka wa 28 EC, igenekerezo yafatiweko. Turazi ko Kristo yabatijwe inyuma gato y’ukwezi kwa gitugutu umwaka wa 27 IC kandi imbere ya Pasika y’umwaka wa 28 IC. Umubatizo wa Kristo wabaye gato imbere y’itangura ku mugaragaro y’ivugabutumwa ryiwe kandi yarakoze ibikorwa bitari bike inyuma y’ukubatizwa kwiwe, n’imbere yo gutangura ivugabutumwa ryiwe n’ugufungwa kwa Yohana Umubatizi.

 

Twisunze Luka 3:21, turabona ko Kristo atari mu bambere babatijwe na Yohana, ariko ko yabatijwe inyuma y’abandi benshi, kandi, ukubatizwa kwiwe kwabaye inyuma gato y’ukwezi kwa gitugutu umwaka wa 27 IC, birashika hakaba hari inyuma y’umwaka wa 28 IC.

 

Umwanya w’inyuma y’ukubatizwa kwiwe wuhera kuva ku musi w’ukwo kubatizwa kwiwe, hama ukwisonzesha imirango 40 n’amajoro 40. Munyuma aca asubira kwa Yohana Umubatizi aca atoranya abigishwa biwe mu misi itatu (Yohana 1:35-45). Umusi ugira gatatu niho yakora igitangaza co guhindura amazi vino mu bukwe bw’I Kana (Yohana 2:1). Mu nyuma aca agenda i Kaperenawumu aho yahamaze "imisi mike" (Yohana 2:12). Munyuma Pasika yari yegereje.

 

Mu bisanzwe, ikiringo kiri hagati y’aho Kristo yabatizwa na Pasika yo mu mwaka wa 28 IC kingana n’imisi 44, hakiyongerako ‘iyindi misi mike (twovuga 6). Twisunze ivyanditswe muri Luka, ikigabane ca 3, tubona ko ukubatizwa kwiwe n’ukugeragezwa kwiwe mu bugaragwa vyose vyabaye ataratangura gukora kumugaragaro, igihe c’impongano, zo mu Mwaka wo Kwemererwamwo n’Umwami Imana. Muri make, Umwaka ugira Cumi na Gatanu ku ngoma ya Tiberiyo utegerezwa guharurwa uhereye ku wa 1 Abibu, hisunzwe amezi y’Abami, atari mu kwezi kwa Tishiri nk’uko bamwe bavyiyumvira.

 

Gutyo rero, igihe co kubatizwa kwiwe yarafise imyaka 31 ans nimiburiburi kandi noneho yararenga.

 

Ikigabane ca 4 co muri Matayo kitwigisha ko Kristo yatanguye kwigisha inyuma y’ifungwa rya Yohana Umubatizi, aho yaja kwigisha i Kaperinawumu (vv. 12-13). Umurongo wa 17 wurabivuga neza : "Guhera ubwo, Yesu atangura kwigisha ati : Mwihane, kuk’ubwami bwo mw’ijuru buri hafi". Urukurikirane rw’imirongo ya 18 gushika 22 herekana ko Petero, Andereya, Yakobo na Yohana bahamagawe inyuma y’ifungwa rya Yohana Umubatizi, ariko n’itunganywa ryiza ry’ingene inkuru yagenze kugira ngo umurongo wa 23 utahurike neza. Urwo rukurikirane ruri no muri Mariko 1:14-20 n’umurongo wa 21 wukurikira ukwinjira i Kaperinawumu.

 

Muri Yohana 2 haratwereka ko Yesu yakoze igitangaza co guhindura amazi vino imbere yuko atangura ivugabutumwa ryiwe (soma Yohana 2:4).  "Igihe ciwe (canke isaha) nticaribwo kigere" ; abigishwa biwe ni ho bari barikumwe na we ariko hari imbere yuko aja i Kaperinawumu.

 

Turavye muri Yohana 1:35, tubona ko Andereya,  mwenenyina wa Petero, yari umwigishwa wa Yohana kandi ko yahavuye akurikira Kristo. Ni we yazanye Petero kuri Kristo akamubwira ko yabonye Mesiya (Yohana 1:41), akaba yaciye yita Petero Kefa (Céphas). Matayo 4:18-22 na Mariko 1:14-20 n’incamake y’inkuru nyayo y’ihamagarwa ry’intumwa za mbere. Birashoboka neza, twisunze muri Yohana, ko bari bahamagawe kandi bakabatizwa imbere y’aho, kandi ko kwabaye uguhamagarwa kugira ngo igikorwa nyezina gitangure.

 

Yohana 2:22 herekana ko inyuma y’ubukwe bw’i Kana mu Bugalile, Yesu n’abigishwa biwe baciye baja i Yudaya, aho yamaranye na bo imisi babatiza, naho Yesu ubwiwe atabatiza (Yohana 4:2). Yohana Umubatizi yabatiriza na we ahitwa i Énon, hafi y’i Salim, kandi hari hegereje Pasika yo mu mwaka wa 28 IC (Yohana 2:13).

 

Moffatt we ashira iki gice ca Yohana 3:22-30 hagati ya Yohana 2:12 na 13, kuko Yohana ntiyari bwo ashirwe mw’ibohero ico gihe, ariko kubera Yesu yatanguye gukora ibitangaza ku musi wa Pasika, bica bibonekana ko Yohana yafunzwe ico gihe. Matayo arashimangira ko Kristo yatanguye kwigisha inyuma y’ifungwa rya Yohana. Muri make, Kristo ntiyatanguye kwigisha imbere ya Pasika yo mu mwaka wa 28 IC, atar’ukwo ubutumwa bwiza bwoba buvuguruzanya kandi Ijambo ry’Imana ririsigura ryo nyene.

 

Ivyanditswe vyo mu Butumwa Bwiza bwa Yohana, mugihe bukurikiranijwe mu rutonde, bwerekana ko Kristo yinjiye mu Rusengero ku Pasika y’umwaka wa 28 IC, agakora ibitangaza, maze aca yidugira mu misozi y’i Yudaya aho abigishwa biwe babatiza mugihe Yohana Umubatizi na we yariko abatiriza i Énon. Ivyo vyanditswe vyerekana ko inyigisho za Kristo nyazo zamaze n’imiburiburi imyaka ibiri, uhereye kuri Pasika y’umwaka wa 28 IC."

 

Igihe c’ivugabutumwa uhereye k’ukubatizwa gushika kw’Izuka n’Iduzwa mw’ijuru rya Nyuma tubisanga mu vyigwa vyitwa Igihe c’Ukubambwa n’Ukuzuka (No. 159) n’ Imisi Mirongwine Yakurikiye Ukuzuka kwa Kristo (No. 159A)).

 

Amamuko ya Mesiya

vv. 23-38 Ba sekuru ba Yesu (Matayo 1:1-17 ; F040).

Uru rukurikirane ruramanuka gushika kuri Adamu, umuntu wa mbere yaremwe, n’ukuvuga ko bose bahuriye kuri Mesiya. Uru rutonde narwo rubonekana nk’amamuko ya Mariyamu, umukobwa wa Heli mwene Matati (urutonde rurabandanya gushika kuri Zorobabeli (v. 27) ariko ntaho yanditswe canke azwi) (soma kandi No. 119 n’Itanguriro 5:3-32 ; 11:10-26 ; Rusi 4:18-22 ; 1Ngoma 1:1-4, 24-28 ; 2:1-15). Muka Heli yari umulewikazi akaba yavukana na nyina wa Elisabeti, muka Zakariya, umuherezi mukuru w’ubupfindo bw’Umunani bwa Abiya. Yari umulewikazi naho Bibiliya ataco ivuga ku muryango wiwe na Lewi, ategerezwa kuba yakomoka mu muryango w’abalewi, kubera ko yari umugore w’Umuherezi Mukuru. Mu bisanzwe, ubuhanuzi buvuga ivya Mesiya ku rupfu rwiwe igihe yacumitwa icumu n’umuromani, bugereranya ivya Dawidi na Natani, nico gisokuru kivugwa aha, co kimwe n’ubuhanuzi bwa Shimeyi buvuga ivya Lewi baririra uwacumiswe (Zek. 12:10-14). Tubona ko Mesiya yakomoka kuri Lewi mu muryango wa shimeyi : (witwa Abashimeyi mu mpera y’ubwo buhanuzi). 

Ku nsiguro itomoye, soma :

Amamuko ya Mesiya (No. 119).

v. 23 Yesu yari mu myaka mirongwitatu nk’uko bisiguwe mu cigwa ca (No. 019) (soma kandi  Yohana 8:57).

 

Ikigabane ca 4

1 Yesu yuzuzwa Mpwemu Yera, ava kuri Yorodani, agendagendeshwa mu bugaragwa na Mpwemu, amaray’imisi mirongwine, ageragezwa n’Umurwanizi. Kandi mur’iyo misi nta co yariye; ishize arasonza. Umurwanizi aramubwira ati : Ni waba ur’Umwana w’Imana, bwira iri buye ricike umusima. Yesu aramwishura ati : Vyanditswe ng’Umuntu ntatugwa n’umutsima gusa. Aramudugana, amwereka ubwami bwose bwo mw’isi mu kanya gato. Umurwaninizi aramubwira ati : Ndaguha ubu bubasha bwose n’ubwiza bwabwo, kuko jewe nabuhawe, kandi mbuha uwo ngomba wese. Nuko ni wampfukamira, ukansenga, ubwo bwose buraba ubwawe. Yesu aramwishura ati : Vyanditswe ngo : Usenge Uhoraho, Imana yawe, abe ari yo usaba yonyene. Amujana i Yerusalemu, amuhagarika mu gatwe k’urusengero, aramubwira ati : Ni waba ari Umwana w’Imana, ikororere hasi, kuko vyanditswe ngo : 10 Azokuragiza abamarayika biwe, ngo bakuzigame ; 11 kandi ngo : Bazokuramira mu maboko yabo, ngo kumbure ntutsitare kw’ibuye. 12 Yesu aramwishura ati : Vyaravuzwe ngo Ntukagerageze Uhoraho, Imana yawe. 13 Umurwanizi arangije ivy’amugerageresha vyose, amara igihe amuretse. 14 Maze Yesu asubira i Galilaya, ari n’ubushobozi bwa Mpwemu, inkuru yiwe ikwira mu gihugu cose kihakikije. 15 Yigishiriza mu masinagogi yabo, bose baramushima. 16 Aja i Nazareti, iyo yakuriye, ku musi w’Isabato yinjira mw’isinagogi, nk’uko yamenyereye, ava hasi ngw’asome. 17 Bamuha igitabo c’uwavugishwa n’Imana Yesaya, arakizingurura, abona ahantu handitswe ngo : 18 Mpwemu w’Uhoraho ari kuri jewe, Ni co catumye andobanuza amavuta kugira ngo mbwire aboro ubutumwa bwiza; Yantumye kumenyesha abarindwa ko barekuwe, n’impumyi ko zihumuka, no kubohora abanywagutse imitima. 19   No kumenyesha abantu umwaka wo kwemererwamwo n’Uhoraho. 20 Azinga igitabo, agisubiza umusanzi w’inzu, aricara; abantu bose bari mw’isinagogi bamuhanga amaso. 21 Atangura kubabwira ati : Ivyo vyanditswe birashitse uyu musi, nk’ukw’amatwi yanyu yiyumviye. 22 Bose baramushima, batangazwa n’amajambo y’igikundiro avuye mu kanwa kiwe, bati Mbeg’uyu siwe mwene Yosefu ? 23 Arababwira ati : Ntimuzobura kuncira uyu mugani, muti Muvuzi, wivure. Ivyo twumvise vyose ko wakoreye i Kaperinawumu, ubikorere n’ino mu ntara  y’i wanyu. 24, Kand’ati : Ndababwire ukuri, Nta muntu avugishwa n’Imana yemerwa mu ntara y’i wabo. 25 Ariko ndababwire ukuri, harih’abapfakazi benshi  mu Bisirayeli mu gihe ca Eliya,  hamwe ijuru ryakingwa, imvura imyaka itatu n’amezi atandatu, ikigoyi cinshi kigatera mu gihugu cose ; 26  yamara Eliya ntiyatumwa kuri n’umwe muri bo, arikw’atumwa i Zarefati mu gihugu c’i Sidoni ku mugore w’umupfakazi. 27 Kandi harih’abanyamibembe benshi mu Bisirayeli mu gihe c’uwavugishwa n’Imana Elisa, ntihakizwa n’umwe muri bo, atari Namani Umusiriya. 28 Abo mw’isinagogi bose bumvise ivyo barashungumirwa. 29 Bava hasi, baramushika bamukura mu gisagara cabo, bamujana ku manga y’umusozi wubatswekw’igisagara cabo, ngo bamutembagarizeyo. 30 Arikw’aca hagati muri bo, arigira. 31 Aramanuka aja i Kaperinawumu, igisagara c’i Galilaya; kand’arikw’arabigisha kw’isabato. 32 Batangazwa n’inyigisho ziwe, kukw’ijambo ryiwe ryari n’ububasha. 33 Kandi mw’isinagogi har’umuntu yinjiwemwo n’impwemu ya dayimoni ahumanye, asemerera n’ijwi rirenga ati : 34 Yo ! Duhuriye hehe ga Yesu Munyanazareti? Uje kuduhonya? Ndakuzi uw’uri we, ur’uwera w’Imana. 35 Yesu aramuzibiza ati : Hora, muvemwo. Dayimoni amutuye hasi hagati yabo, amuvamwo, atagize ico amugira. 36 Bose baratangara, barabazanya bati : Iryo n’ijambo ki? N’ububasha n’ubushobozi agera impwemu zihumanye zigasohoka ! 37 Inkuru yiwe ikwira hose mu ntara ihakikije. 38 Ava hasi, arasohoka ava mw’isinagogi, yinjira mu nzu kwa Simoni. Kandi inabukwe wa Simoni yar’afashwe n’umururumbo ukomeye, baramumwingingira. 39 Amuhagarara i ruhande, akankamira umururumbo, urazima; avyuka uwo mwanya, arabazimana. 40 Kandi ku kirengazuba, abari bafise abarwaye bose barwaye indwara zitari zimwe barabamuzanira. Abarambikakw’ibiganza umwe-umwe, arabakiza. 41 Kandi n’abadayimoni bava muri benshi, basemerera bati : Ur’Umwana w’Imana. Arabazibiza ntiyabakundira ko bavuga, kuko bari bazi yukw’ari Kristo. 42 Kand’ijoro rikeye, arasohoka, aja mu gahinga; ishengero riramurondera, bashika ah’ari, bageza kumubuza ngo ntave muri bo. 43, Maz’arababwira ati : Nkwiye kuvuga ubutumwa bwiza bw’ubwami bw’Imana no mu bindi bisagara, kukw’ari co natumwe. 44 Nukw’avugira ijambo ry’Imana mu masinagogi y’i Galilaya.

 

Intumbero y’Ikigabane ca 4

Ukugeragezwa kwa Kristo

vv. 1-13 Satani agerageza Yesu mu bugaragwa (Matayo 4:1-11 ; Mariko 1:12-13). Urutonde gw’ingene yageragejwe ruratandukanye n’urwo muri Matayo, ariko ibigeragezo ni vyabindi nyene. v. 1 Yuzuzwa Mpwemu Yera iyi n’imvugo y’abakristo ba mbere (Ivyakozwe n’Intumwa 2:4 ; 6:3,5 ; 7:55 ; 11:24).

Ahejeje kubatizwa, Kristo yaciye aja mu bugaragwa aho yageragerejwe imisi mirongwine (Luka 4:1-2). Aho ni ho, yageragerejwe na Satani kandi yaranesheje ico kiringo cose kandi kubw’ivyo na satani niho yaciriwe urubanza. Vyaheze arukwo Kristo agarutse naho bidatahuritse neza mu buhanuzi (Luka 4:13-21).

vv. 16-30 Yesu yirukanwa i Nazareti

vv. 16-19 Mesiya amaze iyo misi mirongwine mu bugaragwa yaciye agaruka i Galilaya, kandi yari yakoreye i Nazareti ubuhanuzi bw’Imana bwavuzwe na Yesaya. Bikaba vyanditswe muri Yesaya 61:1-2 hamwe n’ivyo muri Yesaya 58:6 (soma Matayo 3:1n ; Luka 13:11,16n).

Yesaya 61:1-2 Mpwemu w’Umwami Uhoraho ari kuri jewe, kuk’Uhoraho yandobanuje amavuta ngo mbwire abaciye bugufi ubutumwa bwiza; yantumye gutubika imitima imenetse, no kumenyesha abarindwa ko barekuwe n’imbohe ko zugururiwe ; ngo menyeshe abantu umwaka wo kwemererwamwo n’Uhoraho, n’umusi wo kwihora kw’Imana yacu; ngo nirure abagandaye bose ; (BY)

 

Ivyanditswe muri Luka birirengagiza amajambo : gutubika imitima imenetse. Amajambo : kumenyesha abarindwa ko barekuwe, na yo turayasanga muri Yesaya 58:6, ivyarekuwe mu bisomwa  (cf. The Companion Bible ibivugwa kuri Luka 4:18). Iri jambo, umwaka wo kwemererwamwo n’Uhoraho, Bullinger yawusiguye nk’umwaka wa Yubile mu gisomwa co muri Yesaya, kandi avuga ko ishobora kuba ari Yubile, canke ugasanga yabivuze gutyo kubera ari wo mwaka Kristo yatanguriyemwo ivugabutumwa. Noneho yari yubile uravye ivyanditswe (soma No. 250).

 

Ntibishoboka ko iba intango y’ivugabutumwa rya Kristo, kuko Kristo yatanguye kuvuga ubutumwa inyuma ya Pasika y’umwaka wa 28 IC, igihe Yohana Umubatizi yashirwa mw’ibohero (Matayo 4:12-17 ; Mariko 1:12-14 ; Yohana 3:23-24). Ayo majambo yayavugiye i Galilaya ariko inyuma y’ukubatizwa kwiwe ku musi w’Impongano imbere ya Pasika, kandi har’imbere yuko Yohana ashirwa mw’ibohero. Yari yemerewe kwigisha mw’isinagogi nk’ukw’itegeko rivuga, kuko yarafise imyaka mirongwitatu. 

 

Luka 3:18-20 havuga ivy’ishirwa mu gasho rya Yohana, ariko bibonekana ko ari ivyongewemwo aho hantu. Ukwo gufungwa ntikuhari ngo kwerekane igihe, ariko nk’igikorwa co muri kazoza gisozerewe. Aha hasa nkahavuga ibikorwa vyose vya Yohana mw’ivugabutumwa ryiwe nk’integuza ya Mesiya n’ivugabutumwa ryiwe, naho bidatondetse neza muri rusangi. Igikorwa co muri Luka 4:1-20 kiza inyuma yo kugeragezwa n’imbere y’igitangaza c’i Kana, kandi har’imbere yuko atoranya intumwa ziwe hama aja i Yerusalemu mu gihe ca Pasika ku wa1 Nisani n’umugirwa wo kwiyeza gushika ico kiringo kirangiye (soma icigwa Ukweza Urusengero rw’Imana (No. 241)).

 

Gutyo rero, "ugusoma muri Yesaya" vyabaye mu mwaka wa Yubile, ugereranije n’ikiringo co muri Ezekiyeli, kandi Bibiliya yitwa Naves Topical Bible yerekana ko ivyo bisomwa vyavuga Yubile (cf. Jubilé p. 755). Wari kandi Umwaka wo Kwidegemvya (ibid., soma Ezekiyeli 46:17). Gutyo rero, Kristo yavuze ko umwaka wa 27 IC yari Yubile uhereye ku musi w’Impongano aho watangarizwa nk’uko vyagezwe, kandi imbere y’intango y’umwaka ku wa 1 Nisan. Ivyo vyabaye inyuma y’ibikorwa vya Yohana Umubatizi n’ukubatizwa kwa Yesu n’ukugeragezwa kwiwe na satani mu bugaragwa. Ivugabutumwa ryiwe ryatanguranye n’umwaka wa mbere wa Yubile ya Kabiri uhereye kw’ivugururwa ryo muri Ezira na Nehemiya (cf. Ugusoma Ivyagezwe muri Ezira na Nehemiya (No. 250)) ; Yubile y’Izahabu (No. 300) n’Iherahezwa ry’Ikimenyetso ca Yona (No. 013B)). 

 

Ugutangaza umwaka wa Yubile vyari bikenewe mu ntango no mu mpera, kugira ngo isi ndimwa iruhuke ibone kwimbuka hategurwe umwimbu w’umwaka wa mbere wa Yubile izokurikira no kurekurwa kw’abagurano boba bari bararenganijwe ku mwaka wa yubile.

 v. 17 igitabu – umuzingo Yesu yazinguruye. Ico bita codex nticaribwo gitangure.

 

vv. 20-30 Baramusunura

Ukw’abantu bavyakiriye (v. 22) havuyemwo kumuhindira hanze. Abantu b’i Nazareti/Galilaya baramwirukanye baranka kumwemera kandi ntabikorwa vyinshi yahakoreye kubera kutizera kwabo. Kristo nikwo kuvuga ko atawuvugishwa n’Imana yemerwa mu gihugu ciwabo (v. 24) aca atanga mbere akarorero kuri Eliya igihe ijuru ryugarwa imyaka itatu n’amezi atandatu (nk’uko bizoba mu misi yanyuma imbere y’ukugaruka kwa Mesiya ; soma (210A na 210B) (141D) (F066iii na v).

 

Eliya yarungitswe ku mugore w’umupagani, umupfakazi, w’i Zarepta, mu gihugu c’i Sidoni.  Ni vyo vyabaye no kuri Elisa; hari abanyamibembe benshi muri Isirayeli, ariko ntanumwe Imana yahumanuye, uretse Namani umunyasiriya  (vv. 25-27) (soma kandi v. 15 ; Matayo 4:23 ; 9:35) (soma kandi vv. 17,20 ; gereranya Ivyakozwe n’Intumwa 13:15 ;

v. 28 Aho bumviye avuga ivyo bose baciye bashavura. Intumbero y’ivyo vyanditswe kwari ukubwira Agakiza Abanyamahanga (soma  Ubutumwa bw’Ikigabane ca 14 co mu Vyahishuriwe Yohana (No. 270)). Abantu bagomba kumufata ngo bamuhenurire mu rumanga, arikw’aca hagati muri bo, arigira (vv. 29-30). 

 

vv. 31-37 YYesu yigishanya Ubushobozi buhambaye (Matayo 7:28-29 ; Mariko 1:21-28).

v. 31 Yesu aja i Kaperinawumu, igisagara c’i Galilaya, kandi yabigishije ari ku musi w’Isabato mw’isinagogi, maze batangazwa cane n’inyigisho ziwe (n’ukuvuga akanovera k’inyigisho yiwe) (v. 32). v. 33 Soma Mariko 1:23n. Abadayimoni bari bazwi nk’imiyaga, igwanya abantu ikagwanya n’Ivyagezwe vy’Imana. Barazitinya cane mbere abantu wamengo ntabubasha bafise imbere yazo. Yesu yarabahaye ububasha ku badayimoni nk;uko tubibona muri Luka  Luc 11:1,17, 20-22 (soma kandi Matayo 4:24n. ; 12:22n ; Luka 7:33n. 13:16n).

 

vv. 38-41 Yesu akiza nyinabukwe wa Petero n’abandi benshi (Matayo 8:14-17 ; Mariko 1:29-39).

v. 40 Bose Yesu yaritwararitse abantu, nk’uko tubibona ku mirongo ya. 18-19. v. 41 Abadayimoni soma v. 33n ;

vv. 42-44 Yesu yigisha i Galilaya hose (Matayo 4:23-25 ; Mariko 1:35-39).

v. 44 Niho honyene habitomora, mu kigabane ca Kane, guhera kuntango y’ivugabutumwa rya Yesu i Yudaya, hagereranye kandi na Matayo 23:37 ; Luka 13:34. Ivyanditswe vyambere ntibibitomora neza, kuko i Galilaya harabonekana cane mu bishingantahe vyo hambere, n’ahandi nk’aha (Matayo 4:23 ; Mariko 1:39) (soma ivyongewe muri Bible Oxford RSV).

 

Ivyanditswe na Bullinger kuri Luka, Ibigabane vya 1-4 (kuri Bibiliya yitwa KJV) [biri mu congereza gusa]

 

Chapter 1

Verse 1

Forasmuch as = Since, as is well known indeed. Greek. epeideper. Occurs only here in N.T.

have in hand. Implying previous non = success (Acts 19:13 ). Elsewhere only in Acts 9:29 . A medical word. Compare Colossians 4:14 .

to set forth in order = to draw up.

a declaration = a narrative. Greek. diegesis. Occurs only here in N.T., used by Galen of a medical treatise.

of = concerning. Greek. peri. App-104 . Not the same word as in verses: Luke 1:5 , Luke 1:27 , Luke 1:35 , Luk 5:61.

things = matters, or facts.

which are most surely believed = which have been fully accomplished; i.e. in fulfilment of prophetic announcement. among. Greek. en. App-104 . As in verses: Luke 1:25 , Luke 1:28 , Luke 1:42

 

Verse 2

from . Greek apo. App-104 .

from the beginning . Greek. ap' arches; i.e. from the birth or ministry of the Lord. Compare John 15:27 . Acts 1:1 , Acts 1:21 , Acts 1:22 .

were = became.

eyewitnesses. Greek autoptai. Occurs only here. Not the same word as in 2 Peter 1:16 . A medical word (Colossians 4:14 ). Compare our autopsy.

ministers = attendants. A technical word, often translated "officer".

 

Verse 3

having had perfect understanding = having followed up accurately.

all. The 1611 edition of the Authorized Version omitted this "all".

from the very first = from above. Greek. anothen. As in Matthew 27:51 (the top, Mark 15:38 ). John 3:3 , John 3:7 (again), John 3:31 (from above); Luke 19:11 , Luke 19:23 .James 1:17 ; James 3:1 , James 3:17 . It may mean from the beginning, as in Acts 26:5 , but there is no need to introduce that meaning here, as it is already in Luke 1:2 . Moreover, havingunderstood them "from above", he necessarily understood them from the very beginning, as well as perfectly, or accurately. The greater includes the less.

in order = with method. most excellent. A title of social degree, not of moral quality. See Acts 23:26 ; Acts 26:25 .

Theophilus. A common Roman name = beloved of God.

 

Verse 4

That = in order that.

mightest know = get to have full knowledge. Greek. epiginosko.) App-132 . Not the same word as in verses: Luke 1:18 , Luke 1:34 .

things = words.

wherein = concerning (Greek. peri. App-104 .) which.

thou hast been instructed = thou wast [orally]

taught. Greek. katecheo. See Acts 18:25 . 1 Corinthians 14:19 . Galatians 1:6 , Galatians 1:6 .

 

Verse 5

There was = There came to be. A Hebraism, Compare Luke 1:8 , and see on Luke 2:1 .

in . Greek en. App-104 . Not the same word as in verses: Luke 1:15 , Luke 1:20 , Luke 1:44-47 .

in the days . A Hebraism. See Matthew 2:1 . Compare Esther 1:1 .

Herod. See App-109 .

the king. This title had been conferred by the Roman Senate on the recommendation of Antony and Octavius.

of = out of. Greek. ek, App-104 .

Abia is named in 1 Chronicles 24:10 , and Nehemiah 12:17 . Out of the four who returned from Babylon twenty-four courses were formed (by lot) with the original names. See App-179 .

the daughters of Aaron . The female descendants of Aaron always married priests

Elisabeth. Aaron's wife, Elisheba (Exodus 6:23 )is spelled Elizabeth in the Septuagint.

 

Verse 6

before. The Texts read enantion, not enopion (= in the presence of, as Luke 1:19 ). Both are found in the Papyri in this sense.

God . App-98 .

ordinances = legal requirements. Greek. Plural of dlkaioma, which should always be so rendered in its other nine occurrences (Romans 1:32 ; Romans 2:26Luke 5:16 , Luke 5:18 ; Luke 8:4 ; Hebrews 9:1 , Hebrews 9:10 ; Revelation 15:4 ; Revelation 19:8 ). Compare Numbers 36:13 . Sometimes rendered "judgments" (Exodus 21:1 ; Exodus 24:3 ), where LXX has dikaioma.

the LORD. Must here and elsewhere be often rendered Jehovah. See App-98 . A. b.

 

Verse 7

no. Greek. ou. App-106 .

child. Greek. teknon. See App-108 .

because that = inasmuch as.

well stricken = advanced.

 

Verse 8

it came to pass. A Hebraism. See note on Luke 1:5 .

while he executed, &c. = in (Greek. en. App-104 .) executing. Greek. hierateuo, to act as a priest. Not peculiar to Biblical Greek, but found often in the Papyri.

 

Verse 9

According to . Greek. kata. App-104 .

his lot was = it fell to him by lot.

to burn incense. Greek. thumiao. Occurs only here in N.T. incense. The first recorded use of incense by man began in disobedience (Numbers 16:6 ), and the last ended in unbelief (Luke 1:20 ),

when he went = going.

into. Greek eis. App-104 .

the Temple = The Naos, or Shrine; i.e. "the Holy Place". Not

hieron (the Temple courts). See note on Matthew 23:1 , Matthew 23:8 .

 

Verse 10

praying. See App-134 .

at the time = at the hour. This was the signal.

 

Verse 11

appeared. App-106 . an angel. For the frequent references to angels in Luke, see Luke 1:26 ; Luke 2:9 , Luke 2:13 , Luke 2:21 ; Luke 12:8 ; Luke 15:10 ; Luke 16:22 ; Luke 22:43 ; Luke 24:4 , Luke 24:23 . Also frequently in Acts.

on = at. Greek ek. App-104 .

the right side = the propitious side. Compare Matthew 25:33 .Mark 16:5 .John 21:6 .

the altar of incense . See Exodus 30:1-10 ; Exodus 37:25-28 . 1 Kings 7:48

 

Verse 12

saw. Greek. eidon. App-138 .

upon . Greek. epi. App-104 . As in Luke 1:35 . Not the same word as in Luke 1:58 .

 

Verse 13

unto = to. Greek. pros. App-104 . Not the same word as in Luke 1:26 .

not. Greek. me. App-105 . As in verses: Luke 1:20 , Luke 1:30 , not as in verses: Luke 1:20 , Luke 1:22 , Luke 1:34 .

for = because.

prayer = a definite petition.

is heard = was heard: i.e. not now, or recently. Evidently the prayer for offspring, which was now no longer offered.

bear thee = bring forth to thee.

John = Jehovah sheweth favour.

 

Verse 14

joy and gladness. Figure of speech Hendiadys ( App-6 ) = joy, yea exultant joy.

at = upon[the occasion of]. Greek. epi. App-104 ., as in Luke 1:29 .

birth = bringing forth. Greek gennao, used of the mother. See note on Matthew 1:2 .

 

Verse 15

in the sight of = before.

See note on "before", Luke 1:6 .

shall drink neither = shallin no wise (Greek. ou me. App-105 .) drink,

strong drink . Greek. sikera, any intoxicating drink not from grapes.

shall be filled. Verbs of filling take the Genitive of what the person or vessel is filled with. See App-101 . note. Here pneuma hagion is in the Genitive case.

the Holy Ghost = holy spirit. Greek pneuma hagion, or "power from on high". See App-101 .

from. Greek ek. App-104 . i.e. before birth. Compare Luke 1:44 .

 

Verse 16

children = sons. See App-108 .

to = towards. Greek. epi. App-104 .

Lord . Greek. kurios. App-98 .

 

Verse 17

go = goforth.

the spirit and power. Figure of speech Hendiadys ( App-6 ) = the

spirit = yea, the powerful spirit (Malachi 4:5 ).

Elias = Elijah.

to turn, &c. Reference to Malachi 3:1 with Malachi 4:5 , Malachi 4:6 .

See App-107 .

disobedient = unbelieving. to = in. Greek. en. App-104 .

wisdom . Greek. phronesis (not sophia) = understanding. Occurs only here, and Ephesians 1:8 = the product of Sophia. See notes on Job 28:28 ; Job 40:4 .

 

Verse 18

Whereby = According to (Greek. kata, as in Luke 1:9 ) what [sign].

know = get to know. Greek. ginosko. App-182 .

for I am an old man. To Zechariah the promise seemed to come too late; to Mary (Luke 1:34 )too early.

 

Verse 19

answering said. See note on Deuteronomy 1:41 .

Gabriel = the mighty man of God. The messanger of the restoration (Luke 1:26 ; Daniel 8:16 ; Daniel 9:21 ), as Michael is the messanger of Israel's delieverance from judgement (Daniel 10:13 , Daniel 10:21 ; Daniel 12:1 .Jude 1:9 ; and Revelation 12:7 ). Probably two of the seven angels of Revelation 1:4 ; Revelation 3:1 ; Revelation 4:5 ; Revelation 5:6 ; Revelation 8:2 , Revelation 8:6 ; Revelation 15:1 , Revelation 15:6 , Revelation 15:7 , Revelation 15:8 ; Revelation 16:1 ; Revelation 17:1 ; Revelation 21:9 .

in the presence. Same as "before", Luke 1:6 .

am = was

shew = announce.

 

Verse 20

behold. Figure of speech Asterismos. App-6 .

thou shalt be dumb . The finite Verb and Participle denote continuous silence.

be performed = come to pass.

believest not = didst not believe. App-150 . Note the Negative.

not . Greek. ou. App-105 .

which = which are of a kind which. Greek. hoitines, denoting a class, or kind of words.

in = up to. Greek eis. App-104 . Marking the process continuing up to the end.

 

Verse 21

waited for = were looking for. The finite Verb and Participle denoting protracted waiting.

marvelled . Because such waiting was usually short.

 

Verse 22

speak : i.e. pronounce the usual blessing (Numbers 6:24 ).

perceived = clearly perceived, or recognised. Greek. epiginosko. App-132 .

had seen. Greek. horao. App-133 .

beckoned = kept making signs.

 

Verse 23

days = week.

ministration = public service. Greek leitourgia. Hence Eng. "liturgy".

to = unto. Greek. eis. App-104 .

 

Verse 24

after . Greek. meta. App-104 .

conceived . Greek. sullambano. A medical word, used in this sense in Luke and in James 1:15 . See App-179 .

hid = completely secluded. Probably to avoid all possibility of uncleanness, as in Judges 13:4 , Judges 13:5 , Judges 13:7 , = Jdg 13:1214 . Occurs only here in N.T.

saying = saying that (Greek. hoti); giving the words.

 

Verse 25

looked on . Greek. epeidon. App-133 . Occurs only in Luke here, and Acts 4:29 .

to take away my reproach. Compare Genesis 30:23 . 1 Samuel 1:6-10 . Hosea 9:14 . Contrast Luke 23:29 .

 

Verse 26

the sixth month . After the vision of Zachariah.

This (Compare Luke 1:36 ) is the passage which gives John's age as six months older than the Lord's. See App-179 .

from . Greek. hupo. App-104 .

unto . Greek. eis. App-104 . Galilee. One of the four Roman divisions of Palestine, comprising Zebulun, Naphtali, and Asher. Compare Matthew 4:13 .

Nazareth. Now enNazirah.

Aram . See App-94 . See on Matthew 2:23 .

 

Verse 27

To . Greek. pros. App-104 .

virgin. This settles the meaning of the Hebrew `almah in Isaiah 7:14 . There is no question about the Greek parthenos.

espoused = betrothed. A year before marriage. See Matthew 1:18 .

man = husband. Greek. aner. App-123 .

Mary = the Hebrew Miriam. Exodus 15:20 . See App-100 .

 

Verse 28

Hail. See note on Matthew 26:49

thou that art highly favoured = [thou] having been graced [by God] = endued with grace. Occurs only here, and Ephesians 1:6 = accepted through grace. "Grace" does not occur in Matthew or Mark.

with = in association with. Greek. meta. App-104 . Not the same word as in verses: Luk 30:37 , Luk 30:51 , Luk 30:56 .

blessed . . . women. Omitted by T [Tr. ] A WH R. Probably brought here from Luke 1:42 , where it is unquestioned.

 

Verse 29

when she saw him. Omitted by all

the texts. cast in her mind = beganto reason, or was reasoning. Imperfect Tense.

 

Verse 30

found. Put by Figure of speech Synecdoche (of Species), App-6 , for "received".

favour = grace: which is favourthe unworthy, as patience is favour to the obstinate, as mercy is favour to the miserable, as pity is favour to the poor, &c.

with = from. Greek. para. App-104 .

 

Verse 31

thou shalt conceive : i.e. forthwith conceive. The Tense marks a future action, the beginning of which in relation to future time is past, but the consequences of which still continue.

and . Note the Figure of speech Polysyndeton in verses: Luk 31:32 , emphasizing each detail. Note the four statements of the angel, combining the four key = texts of the four Gospels shown in the Inter-relation of the Four Gospels:

Thou shalt . . . bring forth a Son: "Behold the Man".

Thou shalt call His name Jesus: " Behold My Servant".

He shall be great . . . the Son of the Highest (Luke 1:32 )

: " Behold your God".

He shall reign, &c. (Luke 1:33 )

: " Behold thy King".

JESUS. See note on Matthew 1:21 and App-48 and App-98 . X.

 

Verse 32

He shall be great , &c. Marks the break in the Dispensations, verses: Luke 1:32 , Luke 1:33 being yet future.

the Highest = the Most High. Greek hupsiatos. Occurs seven times in Luke (Luke 1:32 , Luke 1:35 , Luke 1:76 ; Luke 2:14 (plural); Luke 6:35 ; Luke 8:28 ; Luke 19:38 (plural); and twice in Acts (Luke 7:48 ; Luke 16:17 ). Else. where, only four times (Matthew 21:9 (plural) Mark 5:7 ; Mark 11:10 (plural); and Hebrews 7:1 ).

 

Verse 33

over. Greek. epi. App-104 .

Jacob. Put for all the natural seed of the twelve tribes.

for = unto. Greek eis. App-104 .

for ever = unto the ages. See App-151 . More Reading, see Psalms 45:6 . Daniel 7:13 , Daniel 7:14 , Daniel 7:27 . Mic 4:7 . 1 Corinthians 15:24-26 . Hebrews 1:8 . Revelation 11:16 .

 

Verse 34

seeing , &c. = since, &c. Mary's answer shows how she understood the angel's promise. She does not question the fact, as Zacharias did (Luke 1:18 ), but only inquires as to the mode. To Mary the promise seems too early, to Zacharias too late.

know = come to know. Greek. ginosko. App-132 .

 

Verse 35

shall overshadow. Compare Exodus 33:22 .Mark 9:7 .

therefore = wherefore.

that holy Thing. See Heb 7:26 . 1 Peter 2:22 , and note on Matthew 27:4 .

the Son of God = God's Son. App-98 .

 

Verse 36

cousin = kinswoman.

she hath also conceived = she also hath conceived.

 

Verse 37

nothing = not (Greek. ou. App-105 ) any word. Greek. rhema. See note on Mark 9:32 .

 

Verse 38

Behold . Greek idou. App-133 .

handmaid = bondmaid.

word. See note on Luke 1:37 . Same word.

 

Verse 40

entered. A detail, to emphasize the fact, by which she recognized the truth of the sign of Luke 1:36 .

 

Verse 41

leaped. Greek. skirtao. Only used in N.T. here, Luke 1:44 , and Luke 6:23 . Compare Genesis 25:22 . Septuagint has the same word.

 

Verse 42

spake out = cried out. Greek. anaphoneo . Occurs only here. A medical word. See Colossians 4:14 .

 

Verse 43

to. Greek. pros. App-104 .

 

Verse 44

lo. Figure of speech Asterismos. App-6 .

sounded in = came into.

for joy = in (Greek. en. App-104 .) exultation.

 

Verse 45

blessed = happy. Not the same word as in Luke 1:42 .

performance = fulfilment. from. Greek para. App-104 .

 

Verse 46

Mary. From a common practice of transcribers in replacing a pronoun by the corresponding proper noun, or name, some have thought that this hymn is a continuation of Elisabeth's words. And the Structure favours this idea. But there is no MS. evidence for it.

My soul = Imyself. For emphasis. See App-110 .

 

Verse 47

my spirit. See App-101 .

rejoiced = exulted.

in. Greek. epi. App-104 .

God my Saviour. Note the Article = the God [Who is] the Saviour [of me]. See Septuagint Deu 82:15 .Psalms 24:6Psalms 24:6; Luk 25:5 ; Luk 95:1 .

 

Verse 48

regarded = looked (Greek. epiblepo. App-133 .)

upon (Greek. epi. App-104 .) See James 2:3 , and compare 1 Samuel 1:11 .Psalms 33:14 ; Psalms 119:132 (Septuagint).

 

Verse 49

He That is mighty = the Mighty One.

His name. See note on Psalms 20:1 .

 

Verse 50

mercy = pity. Greek. eleos. See verses: Luke 1:54 , Luke 1:58 , Luke 1:72 , Luk 54:78 . Not the same word as in Luke 1:30 .

fear = reverence.

from generation, &c. = unto (Greek. eis. App-104 .) generations of generations.

 

Verse 51

with. Greek. en. App-104 .

His arm. Figure of speech Anthrapopatheia. App-6 . Compare Isaiah 52:10 ; Isaiah 59:1 , Isaiah 59:16 .

 

Verse 52

put down the mighty. Amaziah (2 Kings 14:10 ); Uzziah (2 Chronicles 26:16 ); Nebuchadnezzar (Daniel 5:20 ); Belshazzar (Daniel 5:23 ; Daniel 5:30 ).

seats = thrones.

them of low degree = the lowly.

 

Verse 54

holpen = laid hold of [for help], or taken by the hand. Compare Isaiah 41:8 , Isaiah 41:9 .

in remembrance = [in order] to remember.

 

Verse 55

As = according as.

our fathers. Compare Micah 7:20 . Galatians 1:3 , Galatians 1:16 . Acts 2:39 .

for ever = unto the age. See App-151 . a.

 

Verse 56

with = in fellowship with. Greek. sun. App-104 . Not the same word as in verses: Luke 1:28 , Luke 1:30 , Luke 1:37 , Luk 28:39 , Luk 28:61 , Luk 28:66 .

returned = returned back. Greek hupostrepho. Almost peculiar to Luke. Oct:. only in Mark 14:40 . Galatians 1:1 , Galatians 1:17 . Hebrews 7:1 . outside Luke and Acts.

 

Verse 57

full time = fulfilled time.

and. Note the Figure of speech Polysyndeton ( App-6 ) throughout the passage verses: Luke 1:57-67 , eighteen "ands".

brought forth. Greek gennao. Correctly rendered here, of the mother. Used of the father it = beget. See note on Matthew 1:2 .

 

Verse 58

shewed great mercy = magnified His mercy. A Hebraism. Compare Genesis 19:19 . 2 Samuel 22:51 , Septuagint.

upon = with. Greek meta. App-104 . Not the same word as in verses: Luke 1:12 , Luke 1:35 .

 

Verse 59

on = in. Greek. en. App-104 . Not the same word as in Luke 1:65 .

on the eighth day. Genesis 17:12 .Leviticus 12:3 .Philippians 1:3 , Philippians 1:5 .

child . Greek. paidion. App-108 .

they called . Imperf. Tense = were for calling,

after . Greek. epi. App-104 . Not the same word as in Luke 1:24 .

 

Verse 60

Not so = No. Greek. ouchi. App-105 .

 

Verse 61

There is = That there is.

of = among. Greek en. App-104 .

that is = who is.

 

Verse 62

made signs. Imperf. Tense = were consulting him by signs; i.e. while the colloquy was going on,

would = wished to. Greek. thelo. App-102 .

 

Verse 63

writing table = writing tablet Table was used for tablet in 1611. Used by medical writers in Luke's day.

wrote, saying. A Hebraism. Compare 2 Kings 10:6 .

"John" = the grace of Jehovah, was thus the first written word of that dispensation.

 

Verse 64

immediately = at once. Greek parachrema. Occurs nineteen times. All in Luke or Acts, except Matthew 21:19 , Matthew 21:20 . A medical word (see Colossians 4:14 ), used thirteen times in connection with disease or healing. Rendered "straightway "in Luke 8:55 .Acts 5:10 .

spake = began to speak. Imperf. Tense.

 

Verse 65

on = upon. Greek. epi. App-104 .

sayings. Greek. Plural of rhema. See note on Mark 9:32 .

were noised abroad = were talked of.

throughout all = in (Greek. en. App-104 .) the whole.

 

Verse 66

that heard. The 1611 edition of the Authorized Version reads "that had heard".

 

Verse 68

Blessed . Hence the name "Benedictus" given to Zacharias's prophecy.

God = the God.

visited = lookedon. Not the same word as in Luke 1:48 . See App-133 .

redeemed = wrought a ransom for. Compare Titus 2:14 .

 

Verse 69

an horn of salvation. A Hebraism. See Psalms 132:17 . 1 Samuel 2:1 , 1 Samuel 2:10 . Ezekiel 29:21 .

His servant David. See Psalms 132:10 .

 

Verse 70

by = through.

Greek. dia. App-104 .Luke 1:1 .

since the world began = from [the] age i.e. of old. See App-151 .

 

Verse 72

to = with. Greek meta. App-104 .

 

Verse 73

The oath, &c. See Genesis 12:3 ; Genesis 17:4 ; Genesis 22:16 , Genesis 22:17 .

 

Verse 74

out of = from. Greek. ek. App-104 .

hand. The 1611 edition of the Authorized Version reads "hands". serve: or worship.

 

Verse 75

holiness. Toward God. righteousness. Toward men. Compare 1 Thessalonians 2:10 . Ephesians 4:24 .

 

Verse 76

before . Greek. pro. App-104 .

 

Verse 77

knowledge. Greek. gnosis. App-132 .

by = for. Greek. en. App-104 .

 

Verse 78

Through = On account of. Greek dia. App-104 .Luke 1:2 .

tender mercy = bowels of compassion. Figure of speech Anthropopatheia ( App-6 ).

whereby = in (Greek. en. App-104 .) which.

dayspring . Greek. anatole. Hebrew. zemach = branch (see page 1304), is rendered anatole in Jeremiah 23:6 and Zechariah 3:8 , because of its springing up. Both meanings (branch and light) are here combined. Compare Ezekiel 16:7 ; Ezekiel 17:10 .

on high. Greek. hupsos. Occurs five more times: Luke 24:49 . Ephesians 3:18 ; Ephesians 4:8 . James 1:9 . Revelation 21:16 .

 

Verse 79

give light to = shine upon.

the shadow of death. A Hebraism. Zalmaveth. Job 10:21 ; Job 38:17 . Psalms 23:4 ; Psalms 107:10 . Isaiah 9:2 .Matthew 4:16 , &c.

guide = direct. Wycliffe has "dress", through the O. French dresser = to arrange, still preserved as an English military term.

 

Verse 80

waxed strong = grew and was strengthened. spirit. Greek. pneuma. See App-101 .

the deserts. The article. indicating a well-known part.

shewing = public or official inauguration. Greek. anadeixis. Only occurs here. The verb anadeiknumi occurs Luke 10:1 . See note there.

 

Chapter 2

Verse 1

it came to pass in those days. The seventh and last occurrence of this ominous phrase. See note on Genesis 14:1 .

it came to pass. A Hebraism, frequent in Luke. Compare Luke 1:8 .

in. Greek. en. App-104 .

a decree = an edict, from. Greek. para. App-104 .

all . Figure of speech Synecdoche (of the whole) for a part of the whole; i.e. the Roman Empire.

world. Greek. oikoumene. See App-129 . Compare Acts 11:28 .

taxed = enrolled, or registered.

 

Verse 2

this taxing was first made = this was the first registration to be made. A second is recorded in Acts 5:37 .

Cyrenius. Greek for the Latin Quirinus. His full name was Publius Sulpicius Quirinus.

 

Verse 3

every one , &c. A Papyrus (in British Museum), being a rescript of the Prefect Gaius Vibius Maximus (A.D. 103-4), shows that Herod must have been acting under Roman orders. Vib. Max. was Prefect of Egypt, and wrote: "The enrolment by households being at hand, it is necessary to notify all who for any cause soever are outside their homes to return to their domestic hearths, that they may accomplish the customary dispensation of enrolment, and continue steadfastly in the husbandry that belongeth to them. "There is a large number of Papyri relating to these enrolments. See Deissmann's Light from the Ancient East, pp. 268, 269.

into = unto. Greek. eis. App-104 .

 

Verse 4

went up : literally true, the ascent from Nazareth to Jerusalem being at least 1,500 feet.

from = away from. Greek. apo. App-104 .

out of Greek ek. App-104 .

Nazareth. Aramaean. See note on Luke 1:26 . = Branch = Town, where He, Jehovah's "Branch "(Zechariah 3:8 ; Zechariah 6:12 ), wasbrought up (Luke 4:16 ).

unto . Greek. eis. App-104 . Not the same word as in verses: Luke 2:2 , Luke 2:15 -, Luke 2:20 , Luke 2:48 , Luke 2:49 .

the city of David. 1 Samuel 20:6 . Zion also so called, 2Sa 5:9 ; 2 Samuel 6:10 , 2 Samuel 6:12 , 2Sa 6:16 ; 1 Kings 2:10 , &c.

Bethlehem = the house of bread. Compare Genesis 35:19 ; Genesis 48:7 . Psalms 132:6 . NOW Beit Lahm, about five miles south of Jerusalem.

because he was = on account of (dia. App-104 .Luke 2:2Luke 2:2 )his being.

of. Greek. ek. App-104 .

lineage: i.e. the family.

 

Verse 5

with = in conjunction with. Greek. sun. App-104 . Not the same word as in verses: Luke 2:36 , Luke 2:51 , Luke 2:52 .

espoused = married. Not merely "betrothed "(Matthew 1:20 , Matthew 1:24 , Matthew 1:25 ). See note on Matthew 1:18 . Compare Deuteronomy 22:23 , Deuteronomy 22:24 .

great with child . Compare Luke 1:24 . Greek enkuos. Occurs only here in N.T.

 

Verse 6

so it was = it came to pass; as in Luke 2:1 .

while = in (Greek. en. App-104 .) the time.

 

Verse 7

her firstborn Son =

her son, the firstborn. App-179 .

wrapped . . . swaddling clothes. Greek sparganoo = to swathe. Occurs only here and Luke 2:12 . A medical term = bandage. See Co Luke 1:4 , Luke 1:14 . Eng. "swathe". Anglo = Saxon swathu = as much grass as is mown at one stroke of the scythe. From Low Germ. swade = a scythe. Hence a shred, or slice, then a bandage. Compare Ezekiel 16:4 .

a = the. But all the Texts omit the Art.

manger . Greek phatne (from pateomai, to eat). Occurs only in verses: Luke 12:16 , and Luke 13:15 . Septuagint for Hebrew. 'ebus. Proverbs 14:4 .

no . Greek. ou. App-105 .

the inn = the Khan. Not "guestchamber", as in Luke 22:11 and Mark 14:14 , its only other occurrences.

 

Verse 8

country = region where David fed his father's sheep, when sent for by Samuel (1 Samuel 16:11 , 1 Samuel 16:12 ).

over . Greek. epi. App-104 .

 

Verse 9

lo . Figure of speech Asterismos ( App-6 ), to call attention to the wondrous event.

the angel = an angel. No Art. See note on Luke 1:11 . App-179 .

LORD = Jehovah ( App-98 ).

came upon = stood by. Greek. ephistemi. Used eighteen times by Luke. Compare Luke 24:4 .Acts 12:7 ; Acts 23:11 .

the glory: the Shekinah, which symbolized the Divine presence. See Exo 24:16 . 1 Kings 8:10 . Isaiah 6:1-3 .Acts 7:55 .

were sore afraid = feared a great fear. Figure of speech Polyptoton. App-6 . See note on Genesis 26:28 .

 

Verse 10

not. Greek. me. App-105 .

behold. Figure of speech Asterismos. App-6 .

I bring you good tidings . Greek. euangelizomai = 1 evangelize (announce) to you great joy.

which . Denoting the class or character of the joy.

people = the People [of Israel].

 

Verse 11

For = That: meaning "born to-day"; not "I announce to-day". See note on Luke 23:43 .

is born = was born, or brought forth.

a Saviour. Not a helper: for a

Saviour is for the lost.

Christ the Lord = Hebrew. Mashiah Jehovah, i.e. Jehovah's Anointed. 1 Samuel 24:6 . App-98 .

the Lord. App-98 . B. a. The Lord of all power and might. Therefore able to save. Compare Romans 14:9 . 1Co 8:6 ; 1 Corinthians 12:3 . 2 Corinthians 4:5 .Philippians 1:2 , Philippians 1:11 . These three words define and contain the "Gospel" as being good news as to a Person; and as being Christianity as distinct from Religion, which consists of Articles, Creeds, Doctrines, and Confessions; i.e. all that is outward. Compare Philippians 1:3 , Philippians 1:4-7 , Philippians 1:9 , Philippians 1:10 , Philippians 1:20 , Philippians 1:21 . Note that in the Greek the words, "in the city of David", come last. Hence the z and z correspond in the Structure. p. 1436. D

 

Verse 12

the Babe = a babe.

 

Verse 13

heavenly host = host of heaven. So Tr. WH margin host = the Sabaioth of the O.T. Compare Daniel 8:10 . Romans 9:29 . James 5:4 .Revelation 5:11 , Revelation 5:12 .

God. App-98 .

 

Verse 14

Glory. Supply the Ellipsis: [be] to God. Compare Luke 19:38 .

on earth peace. But man murdered "the Prince of peace", and now vainly talks about "Peace". on. Greek. epi. App-104 .

earth. Greek. ge . App-124 .

good will toward men. All the texts read "among men of good pleasure", reading eudokias instead of eudokia. But the sense is the same, as the "good pleasure" is that of Jehovah alone = among men of [His] good pleasure: See Luke 12:32 , "It is your Father's good pleasure to give you the kingdom". But it was man's bad pleasure to reject the kingdom. See the Structure (F).

toward = among. Greek en. App-104 .

 

Verse 15

heaven = the heaven. Singular with Art.

to. Greek. pros. App-104 .

Let us now go = [Come now], let us go through.

unto = as far as.

see . Greek. eidon. App-133 .

thing = word, or saying. Greek. rhema. See note on Mark 9:32 .

is = has.

made known : i.e. the saying of Luke 2:12 . Greek gnorizo. Compare gnosis. App-132 .

 

Verse 16

found = discovered, after search, or in succession. Greek. aneurisko. Occ, only here and in Acts 21:4 .

Mary, and Joseph, and the Babe. Each has the Art. with conj. emphasizing the several parties referred to.

 

Verse 17

saying. Greek. rhema, as in Luke 2:15

concerning . Greek. peri. App-104 .

Child. As in Luke 1:59 .

 

Verse 18

at = concerning, as in Luke 2:17 .

them = to (Greek. pros, as in Luke 2:15 =) them.

by. Greek. hupo. App-104 .

 

Verse 19

kept = kept within herself.

and pondered = pondering; i.e. weighing them. Compare Gen 87:11 .

 

Verse 20

for = on. Greek. epi. App-104 .

as = according as.

unto. Greek. pros. App-104 .

 

Verse 21

eight days, &c.: i.e. on the last and great day of the Feast of Tabernacles (John 7:37 ).

accomplished = fulfilled. See Leviticus 12:3 .

name . Supply the logical Ellipsis thus: "[Then they circumcised Him] and called His Name", &c. Only four named before birth: Ishmael, Isaac, John, and the Lord.

JESUS. See note on Matthew 1:21 . App-98 . X

of = by. Greek. hupo, as in Luke 2:13 .

before. Greek. pro. App-104 .

 

Verse 22

the days: i.e. forty days after the birth of a son (eighty after a daughter). See Leviticus 12:2-4

her = their. So all the texts; i.e. Joseph and Mary.

according to. Greek. kata. App-104 . See Exodus 13:12 ; Exodus 22:29 ; Exodus 34:19 . Numbers 3:12 , Numbers 3:13 , Numbers 18:15 .

the law . Mentioned five times in this chapter, oftener than all the rest of Luke, to show the truth of Galatians 1:4 , Galatians 1:4 .

Him = brought Him up. to. Greek. eis. App-104 . present, &c. Exodus 13:2 .Numbers 18:15 , Numbers 18:16 .

 

Verse 23

Every male, &c. Quoted from Exodus 13:2 .Numbers 18:15 , holy. Seenote on Exodus 3:5 .

 

Verse 24

A pair , &c. Leviticus 12:2 , Leviticus 12:6 .

 

Verse 25

man. Greek. anthropos. See App-123 .

Simeon. In Hebrew. Shimeon = hearing. Compare Genesis 29:33 . Possibly the father of Gamaliel (Acts 5:34 .

devout. Greek eulabes. Used only by Luke = taking hold of well; i.e. careful and circumspect in observing the Law. Compare Acts 2:5 ; Acts 8:2 . The kindred word eulabeia, rendered "godly fear", occurs twice Hebrews 5:7 ; Hebrews 12:28 ).

waiting for . Compare Genesis 49:18 . Isaiah 49:23 ; and see App-36 . Joseph of Arimathaea was another who thus waited. Mark 15:43 . Compare Luke 2:38 ; Luke 3:15 ; Luke 24:21 .

the consolation of Israel. Compare Acts 28:20 and Isaiah 40:1 . "May I see the consolation of Israel! "was a Jewish formula of blessing; and an adjuration also: "May I not see it, if I speak not the truth! "

the Holy Ghost = pneumahagion = a spiritual gift. See App-101 .

upon. Greek. epi. App-104 .

 

Verse 26

it was revealed. Greek. chrematizo. Occurs nine times; seven times of a Divine communication; here, Matthew 2:12 , Matthew 2:22 .Acts 10:22 ; Acts 11:26 . Romans 7:3 .Hebrews 8:5 ;. Luke 11:17 ; Luke 12:25 .

the Holy Ghost. The Person being the revealer (with Articles). Not the same as in Luke 2:25 . See App-101 .

before. Greek. prin. See note on "Till", Matthew 1:25 .

the Lord's Christ = Jehovah's Anointed. See note on Luke 2:11 . App-98 .

 

Verse 27

by = in. Greek. en. App-104 .

the Spirit . The Holy Spirit Himself. See App-101 .

the temple = the Temple courts. Greek. hieron. See notes on Matthew 4:5 ; Matthew 23:10 .

for = concerning. Greek. peri. App-104 .

after = according to. As in Luke 2:22 .

 

Verse 28

took = received.

in = into, as in Luke 2:3 .

 

Verse 29

Lord = Master. Greek. Despotes. App-98 . Occurs ten times in N.T. (here; Act 4:24 . 1 Timothy 6:1 , 1Ti 6:2 ; 2 Timothy 2:21 . Tit 2:9 . 1 Peter 2:18 . 2 Peter 2:1 .Jude 1:4 .Revelation 6:10Revelation 6:10 ).

word = saying. See Luke 2:26 .

 

Verse 30

Thy salvation . Greek. to soterion (not the usual soteria). Used of Jehovah Himself (not merely of salvation as such). See Isaiah 62:11 . Compare Luke 3:6 .

 

Verse 31

before. Greek. kata. App-104 .

people = the peoples.

 

Verse 32

A light. Greek. phos. See App-130 . Quotedfrom Isaiah 42:6 .

to lighten = for (Greek. eis, as in Luke 2:34 ) a revelation of. Greek. apokalupsis = a revelation by unveiling and manifesting to view. The first of eighteen occurrences. All noted in App-106 . Compare Psalms 98:2 , Psalms 98:3 .Isaiah 42:6 ; Isaiah 49:6 ; Isaiah 52:10 , &c. the Gentiles. See Isaiah 26:7 . glory. The special blessing for Israel. Israel has had the "light". She is yet to have the glory.

 

Verse 33

Joseph. Most of' the texts (not the Syriac) read "His father".

marvelled = were marvelling.

at. Greek. epi. App-104 . Not the same word as in Luke 2:18 .

of = concerning. Greek. peri. App-104 . Not the same word as in verses: Luke 2:4 , Luke 2:35 ; Luk 2:-36 .

 

Verse 34

set = destined.

for. Greek. eis. App-104 . Not the same word as in verses: Luke 2:10 , Luke 2:11 , Luke 2:20 , Luke 10:27 , Luke 10:30 .

fall :i.e. a stumbling = block. See Isaiah 8:14 , and compare Matthew 21:42 , Matthew 21:44 .Acts 4:11 .Romans 9:33 . 1 Corinthians 1:23 .

rising again = rising up. Matthew 11:5 . App-178 . spoken against. See Acts 28:22 . Not a prophecy, but describing its character.

 

Verse 35

Yea = And thee.

sword. Greek. rhomphaia. Occurs only here and Revelation 1:16 ; Revelation 2:12 , Revelation 2:16 ; Revelation 6:8 ; Revelation 19:15 , Revelation 19:21 . Septuagint for Zechariah 13:7 .

pierce, &c. When on the Cross.

soul. Greek. psuche. App-110 . Luke 2:1 .

thoughts = reasonings. Compare Luke 5:22 .Matthew 15:19 . John 9:16 . 1 Corinthians 11:19 . 1 John 2:19 .

revealed = unveiled. Greek. apokalupto. App-106 .

 

Verse 36

Anna. Hebrew. Hannah , as in 1 Samuel 1:20 = He was gracious.

prophetess. Only here and Revelation 2:20 .

Aser = Asher; thus Anna of Israel united with Simeon of Judah.

 

Verse 37

not. Greek. ou. App-105 .

served. Same as Luke 1:74 .

 

Verse 38

coming in = standing by.

that instant = at the same time (or hour).

thanks = praise.

the Lord . All the texts read "God".

looked = waited.

redemption. See notes on Luke 2:24 ; Luke 24:21 .Mark 15:43 .

 

Verse 39

performed = ended.

Nazareth . See note on Matthew 2:23 .

 

Verse 40

in spirit . All the texts omit this. App-101 .Matthew 2:0 comes in here.

the grace , &c. Compare John 1:14 .Isaiah 11:2 , Isaiah 11:3 .

 

Verse 41

passover. See App-94 .

 

Verse 42

twelve years old : when every Jewish boy becomes "a son of the law "If they performed "all things" according to the Law, Joseph had paid the five shekels redemption money (Numbers 3:47 ; Numbers 3:18 , Numbers 3:16 ), which gave Joseph the legal right to be reckoned the "father", claiming the obedience shown in Luke 2:51 . See notes on Luke 2:45 , and Luke 3:23 , which, thus explain the genealogy there.

 

Verse 43

as they returned = in (Greek. en. App-101 .) their returning.

the Child . Now the Greek is pais = the youth as be = coming Jehovah's servant. See App-108 .

Joseph and His mother . All the Texts read "His parents".

knew not = did not get to know of it. Greek ginosko. App-132 .

 

Verse 44

supposing = surely reckoning. See note on Luke 3:23 .

the company: i.e. in the caravan.

a day's journey. Probably to Beeroth, about six miles north of Jerusalem. Now Bireh.

sought = searched up and down.

among. Greek. en. App-101 .

and = and among.

 

Verse 45

seeking = searching (all the way they went). Greek. anaz as in Luke 2:44 .

 

Verse 46

after = with. Greek. meta. App-104 .

sitting. This was strictly according to rule.

doctors = teachers: i.e. Rabbis.

 

Verse 48

Son. Greek. teknon = child. See App-108 .

Thy father. This was legally correct on the part of Mary. (See note on Luke 2:42 , above.) But not truly so; therefore the Lord's correction, "MY Father's business", Luke 2:49 .

 

Verse 49

wist ye not = knew ye not. Greek. oida. See App-132 .

must. These are the first recorded words of the Lord. The reference is to Psalms 40:5-11 , John 4:34 . Hence the Divine necessity. Compare Matthew 16:21 ; Matthew 26:54 .Mark 8:31 . Mar 4:43 ; Mark 9:22 ; Mark 13:33 ; Mar 24:7 , Mar 24:26 , Mar 24:46 . John 3:14 ; John 4:4 ; John 12:34 , &c. The last-recorded wordsthe Son of man were, "It is finished": i.e. the Father's business which He came to be about. Compare His first and last ministerial or official words. See note on Matthew 4:4 , "It is written".

 

Verse 50

understood not. Compare Luke 9:45 ; Luke 18:34 .Mark 9:322 John 1:102 John 1:10 , John 1:11 ; John 10:6 .

 

Verse 51

subject. See note on Luke 2:42 .

 

Verse 52

increased = advanced, in wisdom. See App-117 .

stature = maturity in all respects.

with = from beside. Greek. para. App-104 .

man = men. Greek. anthropos. App-123 .

 

Chapter 3

Verse 1

in. Greek. en. App-104 . fifteenth . . . Tiberius. See App-179 , note 2. Augustus died in A.D. 14, Tiberius was associated with him for two or three years. This would make Tiberius's fifteenth year A.D. 26 reign government. Greek hegemonia (not basileia = kingdom).

Pontius Pilate . First mention. sixth Procurator of Judaea, A.D. 25. After his deposition, he went to Rome, and (according toEusebius) committed suicide in A.D. 36. goverinor. Cognate word with "reign "above.

Herod . . Philip . See App-109 . Herod Antipas, half-brother of Philip I, who abducted Philip's wife, Herodias, and married her. This was the Herod to whom the Lord was sent for trial.

 

Verse 2

Annas. See App-94 .

Annas and Caiaphas being the high priests. Caiaphas was the High Priest as successor of Aaron; while Annas was the Nasi, or head of the Sanhedrin (as successor of Moses), and thus associated with Caiaphas in government. This explains John 18:13 , John 18:24 , and Acts 4:6 .

the word of God came, &c. See App-82 . Compare Jeremiah 1:2 .Ezekiel 6:1 , &c. John was the last and greatest of the prophets.

unto = upon. Greek. epi. App-104 . Not the same word as in Luke 9:12 , Luke 9:13 , Luke 9:14 .

John the son of Zacharias . In Matthew, John the Baptist.

the wilderness : i.e. in the cities and towns of the opencountry. See Luke 3:4 ; Joshua 15:61 , Joshua 15:62 ; and 1Sa 23:14 , 1 Samuel 23:24 .

 

Verse 3

came = went.

into. Greek. eis. App-104 .

preaching = proclaiming. See App-121 .

baptism . See App-115 .

repentance. See App-111 .

for = with a view to. Greek. eis. App-104 .

the remission = remission. A medical word (see Colossians 4:14 ). Used by Luke ten times. Rest of N.T. only seven times. See Luke 4:18 .

sins. App-128 .

 

Verse 4

the words , &c. See notes on Isaiah 40:3 , and Malachi 3:1 . See App-107 .

Esaias = Isaiah. See App-79 .

the LORD = Jehovah. App-4 and App-98 .

paths = beaten tracks.

 

Verse 6

flesh . Put by Figure of speech Synecdoche (of Genus), App-6 , for people. see. Greek. opsomai. App-133 .

God. App-98 .

 

Verse 7

Then said he = He said therefore.

multitude = crowds.

baptized . App-115 .

of = by. Greek. hupo. App-104 . Not the sameword as in verses: Luke 3:8 , Luke 3:15 .

generation = offspring, or brood.

warned = forewarned; implying secrecy.

from = away from. Greek. apo. App-104 . Not the same word as in Luke 3:22 .

to come = about to come. Quite true; for, had the nation repented, all that the prophets had foretold, both as to the sufferings and following wrath and glory, would have been fulfilled.

 

Verse 8

repentance = the repentance which has been demanded, and which you profess.

not . Greek. me. App-105 . Not the same word as in Luke 3:16 .

within = among. Greek. en. App-104 .

father . Emphatic, by the Figure of speech Hyperbaton ( App-6 ), being put in the Greek as the first word of the sentence. See John 8:33 , John 8:53 .

of = out of. Greek. ek. App-104 . Not the same word as in Luke 3:7 .

these stones . Compare Luke 19:40 ; Matthew 3:9 . children. App-108 .

 

Verse 9

now also the axe is laid = already even the axe lies; or, and even the axe lies. Referring to national privileges.

unto. Greek. pros. App-104 .

 

Verse 11

answereth and saith. See note on Deuteronomy 1:41 .

coats = tunics. compare Matthew 5:40 ). One kind of garment, put by Figure of speech Synecdoche (of Species) for a garment of any kind,

none = not, as in Luke 3:8 .

meat = food, or victuals.

 

Verse 12

also publicans = the tax-farmers also.

baptized. App-115 .

Master = Teacher. App-98 . Luke 3:1 .

 

Verse 13

no = nothing. Greek. laden.

than = beside. Greek.

para . App-104 .

 

Verse 14

the soldiers = some soldiers (no Art.) going on service. Not the Noun, but the Participle = men under arms. Josephus (Antiquities xviii 5 § 1,2) tells us that Herod Antipas (Luke 3:1 ) was engagedin a war with Aretas his father-in-law, a petty king in Arabia Petrea, at this very time, and his soldiers were passing from Galilee through the very country where John was proclaiming.

Do violence = terrify with a view to extortion. Occurs only here in the N.T.

accuse any falsely. See note on Luke 19:3 .

 

Verse 15

in expectation. See notes on Luke 2:25 , Luke 2:38 ; Luke 24:21 .Mark 15:43 .

mused = reasoned.

of = concerning. Greek. peri. App-104 .

the Christ = the Messiah. App-98 .

 

Verse 16

baptize. App-115 .

One = the One: i.e. He that is mightier.

latohet = thong, or lace.

shoes = sandals. A well-known proverb. Figure of speech Paroem ia. App-6 .

not. Greek ou. App-105 .

worthy = fit.

with the Holy Ghost = with holy spirit. Greek pneuma hagion : i.e. power from on high, or with spiritual gifts. See App-101 .

with fire. Because this was foretold as being among the things which were about to be fulfilled, had the nation repented. "This (Acts 2:16 ) is that (Joel 2:30 ). "It symbolizes the judgments included in that day.

 

Verse 17

fan = winnowing = fan.

floor = threshing = floor.

burn = burn up. Greek katakaio = to consume entirely. Compare Matthew 3:12 .Hebrews 13:11 .

 

Verse 18

other = different. See App-124 .

things = things therefore.

preached = announced the glad tidings. Greek. euangelizo. See App-121 . Not the same word as in Luke 3:3

 

Verse 19

Herod. See Matthew 14:3 . App-109 .

by. Greek. hupo. App-104 .

for = concerning. Greek. peri. App-104 . Not the same word as in verses: Luke 3:3 , Luke 3:3 .

evils. Greek. ponera (plural) App-128 .

 

Verse 20

Added. Greek. prostithemi. A medical word in the sense of apply or administer, used by Luke thirteen times; in the rest of the N.T. five times.

yet this = this also.

above = to. Greek. epi. App-104 .

prison. The fortress of Machaerus, on the borders of Arabia north of the Dead Sea (Josephus, Antiquities bk. xviii. ch. v 2).

 

Verse 21

it came to pass . As in Luke 3:1 . The 1611 edition of the Authorized Version reads "and it came to pass".

praying . Note the occasions of the Lord's praying: here; Luke 6:16 ; Luke 6:12 ; Luke 9:18 , Luke 9:28 ; Luke 11:1 ; Luke 22:41-44 .

the heaven. Singular. See notes on Matthew 6:9 , Matthew 6:10 .

 

Verse 22

the Holy Ghost = the Spirit the Holy [Spirit]. See App-101 .

in a bodily shape. Peculiar to Luke.

upon. Greek. epi. App-104 .

from = out of: Greek. ek. App-104 .

My beloved Son = My Son, the beloved [Son].

I am well pleased = I have found delight.

 

Verse 23

began = when He began [His ministry? ] He was about thirty years of age.

as was supposed = as reckoned by law. Greek. nomizo = to lay down a thing as law; to hold by custom, or usage; to reckon correctly, take for granted. See Matthew 20:10 . Mat 2:44 .Acts 7:25 ; Acts 14:19 ; Acts 16:13 , Acts 16:27 .

Joseph was begotten by Jacob , and was his natural son (Matthew 1:16 ). He could be the legal son of Heli, therefore, only by marriage with Hell's daughter (Mary), and be reckoned so according to law (Greek. nomizo). It does not say "begat" in the case of Hell.

which = who. So throughout verses: Luke 3:24-38 .

the son of Heli. The genealogy of the ideal man begins from his father, and goes backward as far as may be. That of a king begins at the source of his dynasty and ends with himself. Compare that of Matthew with Luke, and see App-99 .

 

Verse 31

Nathan. This is the natural line through Nathan. In Matthew 1:6 , the regal line is shown through Solomon. Thus both lines became united in Joseph; and thus the Lord being raised from the dead is the one and only heir to the throne of David. For the two lines see App-99 .

 

Verse 32

Booz = O.T. Boaz.

Naasson = O.T. Nahshon.

 

Verse 33

Aminadab = O.T. Amminadab.

Aram = O.T. Ram.

Esrom = O.T. Hezron.

Pharos = O.T. Pharez.

Juda = O.T. Judah.

 

Verse 34

Thara = O.T. Torah.

Nachor = O.T. Nahor.

 

Verse 35

Saruch = O.T. Serug.

Ragau = O.T. Reu.

Phalec = O.T. Peleg.

Heber = O.T. Eber.

Bala = O.T. Salah.

 

Verse 36

Cainan . See App-99 , note.

Sem = O.T. Shem.

Noe = O.T. Noah.

 

Verse 37

Mathusala = O.T. Methuselah. d

Maleleel = O.T. Mahalaleel. D

 

Verse 38

the son of God . Because created by God; the angels are so called, for the same reason. See App-28 .

 

Chapter 4

Verse 1

Jesus. App-98 .

full. Used of pneuma hagion only when without the Art. See App-101 ., and Acts 6:3 ; Acts 7:55 ; Acts 11:24 .

the Holy Ghost . No Art. Greek. pneuma hagion, or "power from on high". See above.

from = away from. Greek apo. App-104 .

by. Greek en. App-104 . Not the same word as in Luke 4:4 .

the Spirit . With Art. = the Holy Spirit Himself.

into . Greek. eis. App-104 . All the texts read en. The Spirit not only led Him "into" the wilderness but guided Him when there.

the wilderness . Supply the Ellipsis ( App-6 ) thus: "the wilderness, [and was there in the wilderness, ] being tempted", &a

 

Verse 2

forty. See App-10 . Compare Exodus 34:28 . Numbers 14:34 . 1 Kings 19:8 . Read, as in Revised Version, "forty days, being", &c.

tempted = troubled and tried.

of = by. Greek. hupo. App-104 . Not the same word as in verses: Luke 4:14 , Luke 4:26 .

the devil. Here named because these three temptations came before the three recorded in Matthew 4:0 . There it is ho peirazon = "he who was tempting Him". See App-116 . in. Greek. en, App-104 .

nothing = not (Greek. ou. App-105 ) anything.

 

Verse 3

unto = to.

If Thou be , &c. Greek. ei, with Ind. App-118 . Assuming the fact. Same word as in Luke 4:9 ; not the same word as in Luke 4:7 .

the Son of God . Referring to Luke 3:22 . App-98 . this stone; "these stones "in Matthew 4:3 . Repeated under different circumstances. App-116 .

 

Verse 4

him = to (Greek. pros. App-104 .) him.

It is written = It standeth written. In Deuteronomy 8:3 . See App-107 . See note on Matthew 4:4 .

man Greek anthropos App-123

not. Greek ou. App-105 .

by = upon. Greek. epi. App-104 .

word = saying. Compare Matthew 4:4 , and see App-116 .

God. Greek Theos. App-98 .

 

Verse 5

taking. Greek. anago = leading. Not paralambano = taking

with . As in Matthew 4:5 . See App-116 .

the world . Greek. oikoumene. See App-129 . Not kosmos, as on a subsequent occasion (Matthew 4:8 ). See App-116 .

in a moment of time . Occurs only here.

 

Verse 6

power = authority. App-172 . In Matthew "these things". See App-116 . for that, &c. This was not repeated on the subsequent occasion (Matthew 4:9 ).

I will . Greek thelo. See App-102 .

 

Verse 7

If thou therefore , &c App-118 . The condition hypothetical.

worship me = worship before me. See App-137 . See note on "before", Luke 1:6 .

 

Verse 8

Get thee , &c. But the devil did not do so yet. He left of his own accord (Luke 4:12 ) See App-116 . Most of the texts omit this.

it is written , &c. In Deuteronomy 6:13 ; Deuteronomy 10:20 , App-107 . the

LORD = Jehovah. App-4 and App-98 .

 

Verse 9

brought = led. Greek. ago, not paralambano, as in Matthew 4:5 (on a subsequent occasion). See App-116 .

to = unto. Greek eis. App-104 .

on . Greek. epi App-104 .

pinnacle. See note on Matthew 4:5 .

temple . Greek. hieron. See note on Matthew 23:16

from hence = hence. In the subsequent temptation (Matthew 4:6 ) = " down".

 

Verse 10

it is written. In Psalms 91:11 , Psalms 91:12 . See App-107 .

over = concerning. Greek. peri. App-104 .

to keep. Greek. diaphulasso = thoroughly protect. Occurs only here in N.T.

 

Verse 11

in = on. Greek. epi. App-104 .

against. Greek. pros. App-104 .

 

Verse 12

is said = hath been said, &c. Deuteronomy 6:16 .

 

Verse 13

all = every.

departed. Of his own accord. See note on Matthew 4:10 , and App-116 .

for a season = until a convenient time. See Matthew 4:11 . Returning again and repeating the three temptations in a different order and under different circumstances. See App-116 .

 

Verse 14

power . Greek. dunamis. App-172 .

there went out a fame, &c. In Luke (as in the other Gospels) only those events are selected which tend to illustrate the special presentation of the Lord and His ministry. Compare the commencing events of each: Matthew 4:13 .Mark 1:14 .Mark 4:14-30 , and John 1:19-43 . For this fourfold ministry, see App-119 . Thus this first period commences and its subject, as stated more precisely in verses: Luke 4:43 , Luke 4:44 .

fame = report. Greek. pheme. Not the same word as in Luke 4:37 .

of = concerning. Greek. peri. App-104 .

through . Greek. kata. App-104 .

 

Verse 15

he = He Himself.

synagogues . App-120 of = by. Greek. hupo. App-104 .

 

Verse 16

Nazareth = the (or, that) Nazareth thus defined. Aramaean. See App-94 .:36. See App-169 .

as His custom was = according to (Greek. kata. App-104 .) custom.

on. Greek. en. App-104 .

stood up. Being summoned by the superintendent (Luke 4:17 ). This incident (Luke 4:16-31 ) is peculiar to Luke.

to read . Greek anaginosko. Later usage = to read aloud (as here, 2 Corinthians 3:15 .Colossians 4:16 . 1 Thessalonians 5:27 ). But in the Papyri generally = to read. (See Milligan, Selections, pp 39, 112.) The Lord preached in other synagogues, but read only here in Nazareth, which shows that He owned, and was owned, to be a member of this.

 

Verse 17

there was delivered, &c. = there was further delivered: i.e. the prophets (the Haphtorah), the second lesson after another had read the Law (the Parashah or first lesson). This delivery was made by the chazan = overseer, or Sheliach tzibbor, angel of the congregation. See Revelation 2:1 , Revelation 2:8 , Revelation 2:12 , Revelation 2:18 ; Revelation 3:1 , Revelation 3:7 , Revelation 3:14 .

Esaias = Isaiah. For the occurance of his name in the N.T. see App-79 .

opened = unrolled. This word and "closed" (Luke 4:20 ) Occurs only here in the N.T. Compare Nehemiah 8:5 .

found the place . Isaiah 61:1 , Isaiah 61:2 . Doubtless the Haphtorahtorah or second lesson for the day,

it was written = it stood written. See App-107 .

 

Verse 18

The Spirit . The Article is understood, in English. See Luke 4:1 .

upon . Greek. epi. App-104 .

because = on account of which.

anointed Me . Hence His name "Christ". Compare Acts 10:38 .

preach the gospel = announce the glad tidings (see verses: Luk 43:44 ). See App-121 . Note the sevenfold

Prophecy ( App-10 ). poor. App-127 .

sent. App-174 .

to heal the broken-hearted. All the texts omit this clause.

to preach = to proclaim. See App-121 . deliverance. Greek aphesis. Compare Luke 3:3 .

to set at liberty . . . bruised = to send away in discharge (en aphesei) the oppressed, or broken. Occurs only here. This is added from Isaiah 58:6 , making the quotation "compound". See App-107 . This form of reading was allowed and provided for.

 

Verse 19

the acceptable year = the welcome year. Either the Jubilee year (Leviticus 26:8-17 ), or on account of the Lord's ministry commencing then.

 

Verse 20

closed = rolled up. Compare Luke 4:17 . Because it was not yet manifest whether the King and the Kingdom would be received or rejected. See App-72 .

the minister = the servant (or "verger "), who put it away. Not the President, who first received it from the servant (Hebrew. chazan) and "delivered "it to the reader.

sat down :i.e. to teach.

were fastened = continued fixed. Almost peculiar to Luke. See Luke 22:56 , and ten times in Acts. Elsewhere only in 2Co 3:7 , 2 Corinthians 3:13 .

 

Verse 21

to say unto them , &c. = to say to them that (Greek. hoti) This day, &c. Note the force of "that", and see note on Luke 19:9 . Mark 14:30 (where hoti is used), and contrast Luke 22:34 , and Matthew 21:28 (where hoti is absent).

unto . Greek. pros. App-104 .

this scripture . Not the next clause of Isaiah 61:2 , which He did not read. That was then doubtful, and is now postponed.

 

Verse 22

at. Greek. epi. App-104 .

the gracious words = the words of grace. See note on Luke 1:30 . Genitive of character, App-17 .

out of . Greek. ek. App-104 .

Joseph's Son . See note on Luke 3:23 .

 

Verse 23

surely = doubtless.

proverb = parable. Figure of speech

Paroemia. App-6 .

Physician, &c. Peculiar to Luke. See Colossians 4:14

done = being done.

Capernaum . See App-169 . First occurance in Luke. Silence there is no proof of ignorance.

also here = here also.

 

Verse 24

Verily. See note on Matthew 5:18 .

No = That no. Greek. hoti oudeis. See note on "say", Luke 4:21 .

accepted ; or, welcome. As in Luke 4:19 .

country . Compare Matthew 13:57 (later).

 

Verse 25

of a truth = in (as in Luke 4:11 ) truth.

Elias = Elijah. See 1 Kings 17:1 , 1 Kings 17:8 , 1Ki 17:9 ; 1 Kings 18:1 .James 5:17 .

the heaven. Singular with Art. See note on Matthew 6:9 , Matthew 6:10 . Revelation 11:12 , Revelation 11:13 ; Revelation 13:6 .

three years and six months. An ominous period. Compare Daniel 12:7 . Revelation 11:2 , Revelation 11:3 ; Revelation 13:5 ; and App-89 .

and six months . Not "a Jewish tradition", but a well-known fact. See notes on 1 Kings 17:1 and Luke 18:1 .

when , &c. = and there arose.

throughout = over. Greek. epi. App-104 .

 

Verse 26

But = And.

save = but. Used, not in the sense of limitation, but of exclusion, as in Galatians 1:2 , Galatians 1:16 . Supply the Ellipsis ( App-6 ) = "[but he was sent] to Sarepta".

unto . Greek. eis. App-104 .

Sarepta. Hebrew. Zarephath (1 Kings Luke 17:9 ), now Surafend, in ruins.

 

Verse 27

in the time of . Greek. epi. App-104 .

Eliseus = Elisha.

Naaman . See 2Ki 5:

 

Verse 29

thrust = cast.

out = without, outside.

the brow = an overhanging brow. Greek. ophrus. Occurs only here in N.T. A medical word (compare Colossians 4:14 ), used of the eyebrows because of their hanging over. At Nazareth it is not beneath, but hangs over the town about forty feet. All the texts omit "the".

that they might, &c. See App-23 .

cast Him down headlong. Greek katakremnizo. Occurs only here in N.T., and in the Septuagint only in 2 Chronicles 25:12 .

 

Verse 30

passing through. Doubtless the eyes of the people were holden. See Luke 24:16 . Compare John 8:59 ; John 10:39 , John 10:40 (compare Psalms 18:29 Psalms 37:33 ).

through. Greek. dia. App-104 .Luke 4:1 .

went His way = went away. Probably never to return.

 

Verse 31

And, &c. Figure of speech Polysyndeton ( App-6 ) in verses: Luke 4:31-37 . Compare Mark 1:21-28 .

Capernaum. The second place of His ministry. See the Structure (E2, p. 1442). See App-169 .

Galilee. See App-169 .

taught = was teaching (i.e. continuously).

 

Verse 32

astonished. Compare Matthew 7:28 .

doctrine = teaching. with. Greek. en. App-104 .

power = authority, as in Luke 4:6 .

 

Verse 33

man. Greek anthropos. App-123 .

spirit = Greek. pneuma. App-101 .

of . Genitive of Apposition. App-17 .

unclean. Occurs thirty times, of which twenty-four apply to demons.

devil = demon.

 

Verse 34

Let us alone = Ah!

what have , &c. See note on 2 Samuel 18:10 .

Jesus. Demons and Gadarenes, and His enemies could thus irreverently use this name, but His disciples with true reverence called Him" Master", or "Lord "(John 13:13 ). to destroy us. Compare James 2:19 .

I know , &c. Greek oida. App-132 . Note the Singular.

the Holy One of God. Compare Luke 1:35 .

Psalms 16:10 .

 

Verse 35

Hold thy peace = Be muzzled, as in 1 Corinthians 9:9 . Compare Matthew 22:12 , Matthew 22:34 .Mark 1:25 .

had thrown, &c. Greek rhipto, the medical word for convulsions. Occurs only here, Luke 17:2 .Matthew 9:36 ; Matthew 15:30 ; Matthew 27:5 ; and Acts 22:23 ; Acts 27:19 , Acts 27:29 .

in = into. Greek. eis. App-104 .

out of = away from. Greek. apo. App-104 .

hurt. Greek. blapto. A medical word, opposed to opheleo = to benefit. Occurs only here and Mark 16:18 .

not = in no possible manner. Greek. meden. Compound of me. App-106 .

 

Verse 36

And they were all amazed = Astonishment came upon (Greek. epi. App-104 .) all.

amazed . Greek thambos = astonishment. Peculiar to Luke.

among = to (Greek. pros. App-104 .)one another.

What a word is this! What is this word, that? with. Greek. en. App-104 .

authority. Same word as power in Luke 4:6 .

 

Verse 37

fame = noise, or ringing in the ears. Greek echos. Not the same word as in Luke 4:14 . Occurs only here, Acts 2:2 and Hebrews 12:19 . The verb echo occurs in Luke 21:25 and 1 Corinthians 13:1 . A medical word (see Colossians 4:14 ).

 

Verse 38

And He arose , &c. Compare Matthew 8:14-17 . Mark 1:29-34 .

arose out of = arose [and went] out of:

taken = pressed, or oppressed. Compare Acts 28:8 . Almostpeculiar to Luke, who uses the word nine times; only three times elsewhere, Matthew 24:4 . 2 Corinthians 5:14 .Philippians 1:1 , Philippians 1:23 (being in a strait).

great. Peculiar to Luke, in this connection.

besought . Aorist Tense; implying a single act. Not the Imperfect, as generally used.

for = concerning. Greek. peri. App-104 .

 

Verse 39

stood over her . A medical reference. Peculiar to Luke.

rebuked. Peculiar to Luke.

immediately . Greek. parachrema. See Luke 1:64 .

 

Verse 40

when the sun, &c. They waited for the end of the Sabbath. laid His hands, &c. Peculiar to Luke.

 

Verse 41

crying out = screaming (inarticulately).

saying, Thou = saying that Thou. See note on Luke 4:34 .

Christ. All the texts omit this.

Christ = the Messiah. App-98 .

 

Verse 42

And when , &c. Figure of speech Polysyndeton in verses: Luke 4:42-44 . Compare Mark 1:35-39 .

sought Him . All the texts read "were" seeking after Him "

unto = up to. Greek. heos.

stayed Him = held Him fast. Greek. katecho. See note on 2 Thessalonians 2:6 .

not. Greek. me. App-105 .

 

Verse 43

said . . . I, &c. said. . that I must. See note on verses: Luke 21:24 .

the kingdom of God. See App-114 .

other = different. See App-124 .

for = because. This is the subject of the First Period of His ministry. See Luke 4:14 , and App-119 .

therefore = for (Greek. eis. App-104 .) this.

 

Verse 44

preached = was proclaiming, as in verses: Luke 4:18 , Luke 4:19 . Not the same word as in Luke 4:43 .

Galilee . See App-169 . A Trm WH Rm. read Judaea.