Commentary on 2Timothy (No. F055)

Introduction

From the book of Acts (16:1) we learn that Timothy was the son of a Greek and a Jewish woman Eunice who became a Christian along with her mother Lois (1:5, 3:15). Both were of good standing in the Church of God at Lystra and Iconium as was Timothy. He had already been converted to the faith when Paul visited Lystra, Asia Minor and then on his second Journey Paul appointed him to assist him in his missionary work (Acts 16:1-3) and placed him at work in support of the body of Christ under the law. He was ordained at an early age hence the comments by Paul regarding his age in 1Timothy. From that comment he may have been appointed either at 24 or 29 years depending upon the nature of the work he was to do. Perhaps at 24 years prior to the legal age of 25 for service in the Temple of God, which Temple we are (1Cor. 3:16-17; 6:19). He is often mentioned in Acts and in the opening sentences of a number of Paul’s letters such as 1 and 2Thessalonians and 2Corinthians. He was a close friend and confidant of Paul and the other leaders of the Church of God.

It is generally accepted that at the end of the book of Acts, the apostle Paul was still in prison in Rome. When he was released from prison, he reportedly went to Macedonia (1Timothy 1:3) and from there he travelled to other places. While on these journeys, he wrote the first letter to Timothy. Timothy was then in the city of Ephesus. Timothy was seemingly the leader of the church there or at the least was appointed leader at Ephesus by Paul. Later Paul was again in prison in Rome. It was from there that he wrote this second letter to Timothy, while Timothy was still in Ephesus. Paul was reportedly martyred towards the end of the First Century as he was certainly replaced there by John after his release from Patmos. We base this on the authority of the fragment of Irenaeus who sat at the feet of John at Ephesus when he was a child after the beginning of the Second Century CE. (cf. P291 App. A).

Paul wrote this second letter to Timothy from prison just before he died. Paul knew that the time of his death had come (2Timothy 4:6-8).

Paul obviously wanted to see Timothy again and thinks about him as his own son (2Timothy 1:4). Paul, from his comments is anxious for company in the cold prison. He urges Timothy to try to come before the winter (2Timothy 4:21). He asks Timothy to bring the warm coat that he had left in the town of Troas. He also asks Timothy to bring his books and papers (2 Timothy 4:13).

“In the court for the first time, he had been successful. But all his friends except Luke had left him (2Timothy 4:11, 16). Although he had succeeded that time, the *Romans would not set him free. He expects that they will soon kill him (2 Timothy 4:6).

Paul writes to encourage Timothy in his Christian life. He urges him to be strong in what he believes. Timothy must use the gifts that God has given to him. He must preach the gospel and teach the truth.

This letter is much more personal than the first one. Paul urges him to be strong in his belief in the Lord (1:1-7). He should not be ashamed of the Lord or of Paul. He must be prepared to suffer for the *gospel (1:8-2:13).

As he had done in the first letter, Paul warns against the false teachers (2:14-19). Timothy must be a noble servant of Christ (2:20-26). In the last days, people will do awful things (3:1-9). But Timothy must continue to do what he has learned and knows. He must do what the scriptures say (3:10-17). He must preach the gospel because it is urgent that people hear it (4:1-5).

Paul then talks about his own life and what he expects to happen (4:6-8). Then he asks Timothy to come and he tells him about his situation (4:9-18). He ends the letter with greetings to his friends and asks the Lord to bless Timothy (4:19-22).”

(cf. also https://www.easyenglish.bible/bible-commentary/2tim-lbw.htm

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We will now look at Bullinger’s comments and then look at the intent of the chapters.

Book Overview - 2Timothy

by E.W. Bullinger

THE STRUCTURE OF THE BOOK AS A WHOLE.

2 Timothy 1:1-2. GREETINGS AND BENEDICTION.
2 Timothy 1:3-18. EPISTOLARY. PRIVATE AND PERSONAL.
2 Timothy 2:1-26. CHARGES CONNECTED WITH THE GOSPEL.

2 Timothy 3:1-17; 2 Timothy 4:1-8. CHARGES CONNECTED WITH THE APOSTASY.

2 Timothy 4:9-21. EPISTOLARY. PRIVATE AND PERSONAL.
2 Timothy 4:-21-22. GREETINGS. BENEDICTION.

THE SECOND EPISTLE TO TIMOTHY. INTRODUCTORY NOTES.

1. The Second Epistle to Timothy is the latest of all of Paul's writings. It was written during his second imprisonment at Rome, within a short time of his martyrdom (2 Timothy 4:6), probably at the end of A. D. 67 or early 68. It is thought that at this time Timothy was at Ephesus. The apostle’s regard for his "dearly beloved son" is seen in 2 Timothy 1:4, and it is affecting to observe the pathetic desire to see Timothy once more before death, 4:9, 11, 21. No further mention is made of Timothy. The tradition that he suffered martyrdom about the end of the first century is only tradition.

2. The prominent feature of this Epistle is the "church’s" departure from the truth (See 2 Timothy 1:15; 2 Timothy 2:17; 2 Timothy 3:8; 2 Timothy 4:4). When "all they which are in Asia (cp. Acts 19:10) be turned away from" Paul, he exhorts Timothy, his "son", therefore to "be strong in the grace that is in Christ Jesus". No more is there heard, as in the First Epistle and in that to Titus, the apostolic guidance for the church rule or administration of any kind. Only two things are possible now, "preach the word" (2 Timothy 4:2), and "The things that thou hast heard of me among many witnesses, the same commit thou to faithful men, who shall be able to teach others also" (2 Timothy 2:2). And, as in the First Epistle, the Holy Spirit through Paul tells of even worse days to come, perilous, or grievous, times "in the last days" (2 Timothy 3:1; 2 Timothy 4:3), the only charge in connection with which is "Continue thou in the things which thou hast learned and hast been assured of" (2 Timothy 3:14).

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Paul commences in Chapter 1 to encourage him and lists the faith in that it was his grandmother Lois that was first called and then his mother and then he. He was obviously in distress and the letter encourages him to strength in the faith. He is urged to stir up the Gift of God within him which had been given to him in the laying on of hands by Paul (1:3-7). Paul may well be encouraging himself when he says that God had not given them a spirit of fear but of power and of love and a sound mind and not to be ashamed of Christ or of Paul his prisoner.

Paul speaks here (in vv. 8-10) as he did in Romans 8:28-31 where God called us with a Holy Calling not because of any works we might have done but according to His calling in Power and Grace in Christ Jesus before the world began. Thus the gifts and the Call of God are according to His Divine Prescience in His Predestination (No. 296).

Chapter 1

¹Paul, an apostle of Christ Jesus by the will of God according to the promise of the life which is in Christ Jesus, ²To Timothy, my beloved child: Grace, mercy, and peace from God the Father and Christ Jesus our Lord. ³I thank God whom I serve with a clear conscience, as did my fathers, when I remember you constantly in my prayers. ⁴As I remember your tears, I long night and day to see you, that I may be filled with joy. ⁵I am reminded of your sincere faith, a faith that dwelt first in your grandmother Lois and your mother Eunice and now, I am sure, dwells in you. ⁶Hence I remind you to rekindle the gift of God that is within you through the laying on of my hands; ⁷for God did not give us a spirit of timidity but a spirit of power and love and self-control. ⁸Do not be ashamed then of testifying to our Lord, nor of me his prisoner, but share in suffering for the gospel in the power of God, ⁹who saved us and called us with a holy calling, not in virtue of our works but in virtue of his own purpose and the grace which he gave us in Christ Jesus ages ago, ¹⁰and now has manifested through the appearing of our Savior Christ Jesus, who abolished death and brought life and immortality to light through the gospel. ¹¹For this gospel I was appointed a preacher and apostle and teacher, ¹²and therefore I suffer as I do. But I am not ashamed, for I know whom I have believed, and I am sure that he is able to guard until that Day what has been entrusted to me. ¹³Follow the pattern of the sound words which you have heard from me, in the faith and love which are in Christ Jesus; ¹⁴guard the truth that has been entrusted to you by the Holy Spirit who dwells within us. ¹⁵You are aware that all who are in Asia turned away from me, and among them Phygelus and Hermogenes. ¹⁶May the Lord grant mercy to the household of Onesiphorus, for he often refreshed me; he was not ashamed of my chains, ¹⁷but when he arrived in Rome he searched for me eagerly and found me-- ¹⁸may the Lord grant him to find mercy from the Lord on that Day--and you well know all the service he rendered at Ephesus. (RSV)

Paul is not ashamed to partake of his suffering as a good soldier witnessing to the Lord (1:8-18). So is it with us all to endure suffering as good soldiers with Jesus Christ (2:1-13). In encountering false teachers with godless chatter Timothy and we all are to be sound workmen handling the word rightly (2:14-19). Thus we purify ourselves from what is ignoble so as to be vessels fit for the Master’s use (2:20-26).

Chapter 2

¹You then, my son, be strong in the grace that is in Christ Jesus, ²and what you have heard from me before many witnesses entrust to faithful men who will be able to teach others also. ³Share in suffering as a good soldier of Christ Jesus. ⁴No soldier on service gets entangled in civilian pursuits, since his aim is to satisfy the one who enlisted him. ⁵An athlete is not crowned unless he competes according to the rules. ⁶It is the hard-working farmer who ought to have the first share of the crops. ⁷Think over what I say, for the Lord will grant you understanding in everything. ⁸Remember Jesus Christ, risen from the dead, descended from David, as preached in my gospel, ⁹the gospel for which I am suffering and wearing fetters like a criminal. But the word of God is not fettered. ¹⁰Therefore I endure everything for the sake of the elect, that they also may obtain salvation in Christ Jesus with its eternal glory. ¹¹The saying is sure: If we have died with him, we shall also live with him; ¹²if we endure, we shall also reign with him; if we deny him, he also will deny us; ¹³if we are faithless, he remains faithful--for he cannot deny himself. ¹⁴Remind them of this, and charge them before the Lord to avoid disputing about words, which does no good, but only ruins the hearers. ¹⁵Do your best to present yourself to God as one approved, a workman who has no need to be ashamed, rightly handling the word of truth. ¹⁶Avoid such godless chatter, for it will lead people into more and more ungodliness, ¹⁷and their talk will eat its way like gangrene. Among them are Hymenaeus and Philetus, ¹⁸who have swerved from the truth by holding that the resurrection is past already. They are upsetting the faith of some. ¹⁹But God's firm foundation stands, bearing this seal: "The Lord knows those who are his," and, "Let every one who names the name of the Lord depart from iniquity." ²⁰In a great house there are not only vessels of gold and silver but also of wood and earthenware, and some for noble use, some for ignoble. ²¹If any one purifies himself from what is ignoble, then he will be a vessel for noble use, consecrated and useful to the master of the house, ready for any good work. ²²So shun youthful passions and aim at righteousness, faith, love, and peace, along with those who call upon the Lord from a pure heart. ²³Have nothing to do with stupid, senseless controversies; you know that they breed quarrels. ²⁴And the Lord's servant must not be quarrelsome but kindly to every one, an apt teacher, forbearing, ²⁵correcting his opponents with gentleness. God may perhaps grant that they will repent and come to know the truth, ²⁶and they may escape from the snare of the devil, after being captured by him to do his will. (RSV)

Hence by this means we are able to instruct those in gentleness that oppose or work against themselves and are able to instruct them to repentance in acknowledging the truth and recover themselves from the snare of the devil who has taken them captive at his will (vv. 24-26).

Paul then looks forward to the Last Days which are ahead of the church. This period looked forward over the next two millennia to the coming of the Messiah. As we look it is more so now than ever before. The elect will be persecuted increasingly over time. All those that wish to follow the laws of God and the Faith and Testimony of Christ will be suffer until the end of the Age (cf. also Rev. 12:17; 14:12).

The point is, God calls us into the Kingdom of God for His own purpose and not because of anything we are. We are called in to work. God puts us in to do a job. The way we keep our end of the bargain and our way of gaining the First Resurrection is to work once we are called and given the Holy Spirit. Also, it is necessary to produce the fruits of righteousness in the Holy Spirit by keeping the Commandments of God and the Testimony of the Faith of Jesus Christ. That is our qualification. The grace of God was given to Jesus Christ. He did not own the grace of God intrinsically in his own right (vv. 6-9).

Only God is immortal but it was Christ who abolished death by his actions and brought immortality to light. We are able to partake of immortality because of Christ. He qualified and was then given immortality and that consequently went on to us (v.10).

In other words, the Holy Spirit guards the Mysteries of God until the Day of the Lord. What has been entrusted to Paul will not die. It will be kept by the Holy Spirit, and it was locked into the Bible. Nobody can destroy the Bible. That is an order of God. We have the inspired word of God (vv. 11-12)

Thus the first fruit of the Holy Spirit is the guardianship of truth. That is the primary aim and objective. The Holy Spirit is of power and love and self-control. The fruits evident from this text are given towards the first aim of the elect, which is the guardianship of truth as the first aspect of righteousness (vv. 13-14).

Another fruit is mercy, which we shall see later (Jas. 3:17). The elect worship the Father in Spirit and in truth (Jn. 4:23-24). Truth is central to the worship of God. We cannot worship God unless we worship Him in the Holy Spirit in truth. The Holy Spirit is the means by which we guard the truth. The central fruit is our ability to first worship the One True God. The capacity of the Holy Spirit to show these fruits is centred on the capacity to worship God the Father (cf. The Holy Spirit (No. 117)). So the guardianship of truth is the guardianship of our capacity to work and worship. The testimony of the Spirit and of the prophets and hence the elect is true (Jn. 5:33). Only the truth can set us free (Jn. 8:32). Satan fell because he did not abide in the truth (Jn. 8:44).

Chapter 3

¹But understand this, that in the last days there will come times of stress. ²For men will be lovers of self, lovers of money, proud, arrogant, abusive, disobedient to their parents, ungrateful, unholy, ³inhuman, implacable, slanderers, profligates, fierce, haters of good, ⁴treacherous, reckless, swollen with conceit, lovers of pleasure rather than lovers of God, ⁵holding the form of religion but denying the power of it. Avoid such people. ⁶For among them are those who make their way into households and capture weak women, burdened with sins and swayed by various impulses, ⁷who will listen to anybody and can never arrive at a knowledge of the truth. ⁸As Jannes and Jambres opposed Moses, so these men also oppose the truth, men of corrupt mind and counterfeit faith; ⁹but they will not get very far, for their folly will be plain to all, as was that of those two men. ¹⁰Now you have observed my teaching, my conduct, my aim in life, my faith, my patience, my love, my steadfastness, ¹¹ my persecutions, my sufferings, what befell me at Antioch, at Iconium, and at Lystra, what persecutions I endured; yet from them all the Lord rescued me. ¹²Indeed all who desire to live a godly life in Christ Jesus will be persecuted, ¹³while evil men and impostors will go on from bad to worse, deceivers and deceived. ¹⁴But as for you, continue in what you have learned and have firmly believed, knowing from whom you learned it ¹⁵and how from childhood you have been acquainted with the sacred writings which are able to instruct you for salvation through faith in Christ Jesus. ¹⁶All scripture is inspired by God and profitable for teaching, for reproof, for correction, and for training in righteousness, ¹⁷that the man of God may be complete, equipped for every good work. (RSV)

In this text we saw that Paul used himself as an example (3:10-17). In this text Paul refers back to all Scripture as given by the inspiration of God and is profitable for doctrine, reproof, correction, instruction and righteousness. Thus anyone who speaks contrary to the Law and the Testimony has no light in them (Isa. 8:20).

Chapter 4 then goes on to deal with the advent of the Messiah and then the Resurrection of the Dead. Christ deals with the dead in two sections: The First Resurrection (No. 143A) and then the Second Resurrection at the end of the Millennial Kingdom of God (cf. also Daniel Chapter 12 and Revelation chapter 20 in Second Resurrection of the Dead and the Great White Throne Judgment (No. 143B)).

Chapter 4

¹I charge you in the presence of God and of Christ Jesus who is to judge the living and the dead, and by his appearing and his kingdom: ²preach the word, be urgent in season and out of season, convince, rebuke, and exhort, be unfailing in patience and in teaching. ³For the time is coming when people will not endure sound teaching, but having itching ears they will accumulate for themselves teachers to suit their own likings, ⁴and will turn away from listening to the truth and wander into myths. ⁵As for you, always be steady, endure suffering, do the work of an evangelist, fulfil your ministry. ⁶For I am already on the point of being sacrificed; the time of my departure has come. ⁷I have fought the good fight, I have finished the race, I have kept the faith. ⁸Henceforth there is laid up for me the crown of righteousness, which the Lord, the righteous judge, will award to me on that Day, and not only to me but also to all who have loved his appearing. ⁹Do your best to come to me soon. ¹⁰For Demas, in love with this present world, has deserted me and gone to Thessalonica; Crescens has gone to Galatia, Titus to Dalmatia. ¹¹Luke alone is with me. Get Mark and bring him with you; for he is very useful in serving me. ¹²Tychicus I have sent to Ephesus. ¹³When you come, bring the cloak that I left with Carpus at Troas, also the books, and above all the parchments. ¹⁴Alexander the coppersmith did me great harm; the Lord will requite him for his deeds. ¹⁵Beware of him yourself, for he strongly opposed our message. ¹⁶At my first defense no one took my part; all deserted me. May it not be charged against them! ¹⁷But the Lord stood by me and gave me strength to proclaim the message fully, that all the Gentiles might hear it. So I was rescued from the lion's mouth. ¹⁸The Lord will rescue me from every evil and save me for his heavenly kingdom. To him be the glory for ever and ever. Amen. ¹⁹Greet Prisca and Aquila, and the household of Onesiphorus. ²⁰Erastus remained at Corinth; Trophimus I left ill at Miletus. ²¹Do your best to come before winter. Eubulus sends greetings to you, as do Pudens and Linus and Claudia and all the brethren. ²²The Lord be with your spirit. Grace be with you. (RSV)

The warning by Paul in 2Timothy most certainly rings true in light of some who now erroneously claim that the Lord's Supper should be observed on times, rather than at dark beginning of the 14^th when Christ instituted the bread and wine as the New Covenant symbols, and when he was betrayed later in that evening (2Tim. 4:1-4).

Also it is absolutely necessary for baptised members who are part of the Melchisedek priesthood under Christ to partake in the commemorative Passover meal on the evening of the 15^th of Abib and to observe the Night of Watching. This understanding has been perverted by the pseudo Christians who also deny the Resurrection at the Return of Messiah and say that when they die they go to heaven. These people are not Christians (cf. No. 143A).

There can be no Trinitarian implications in Paul as he is at pains to make distinction between God and Christ. Paul was not a Trinitarian (cf. No. 198).

In 2Timothy, Paul asserts the position of Saviour to Christ (2Tim. 1:8-10)

From this text we begin to see the distinction as it arises in the Bible. The explanation is simple. God saved us and called us with a holy calling, ages ago. This was done according to His purpose and the grace which He gave us in Christ Jesus ages ago. In fact, He gave us this grace and wrote us in the Book of Life before the foundation of the world (Rev. 13:8; 17:8).

Christ then came as God’s appointed Saviour and abolished death and brought life and immortality to light through the gospel. He died and was resurrected through the power of God and became a son of God in power through his resurrection from the dead (Rom. 1:4).

The explanation, therefore, is that it was the power of God that enabled Christ to be sent as God’s designated Saviour to the world.

Now do we have any other texts against which to test this hypothesis?

Peter says that:

2Peter 1:3-4 His divine power has granted to us all things that pertain to life and godliness, through the knowledge of him who called us to his own glory and excellence, ⁴by which he has granted to us his precious and very great promises, that through these you may escape from the corruption that is in the world because of passion, and become partakers of the divine nature. (RSV)

Therefore, God called us to His own glory and excellence, making us partakers of His Spirit so that we might know Him. The Spirit thus enables us to partake of all things that pertain to life and godliness. In the same way it was the Holy Spirit that gave Christ the condition of godliness. The Spirit thus enables us to action. There must therefore be fruits of the Holy Spirit. These fruits are those worthy of repentance (Lk. 3:8). These are the fruits, or the fruit, of righteousness (Phil. 1:11). As Paul says, an athlete is not crowned unless he competes according to the rules. There are set rules for the retention of the Holy Spirit. We cannot get our crown unless we follow those rules.

Bullinger’s Notes on 2Timothy (KJV)

Chapter 1

Verse 1

apostle. App-189.

Jesus Christ. App-98.

God. App-98.

Christ Jesus. App-98.

Verse 2

dearly beloved. App-135.

Grace. App-184.

Father. App-98.

Lord. App-98. Compare Philippians 1:2; 1 Thessalonians 1:1. 1 Timothy 1:1, 1 Timothy 1:2.

Verse 3

thank. See 1 Timothy 1:12.

forefathers. Greek. progonos. See 1 Timothy 5:4.

with = in. Greek. en.

without ceasing. Greek. adialeiptos. See Romans 9:2. Compare Romans 1:9.

remembrance. Greek. mneia. See Romans 1:9.

Verse 4

Greatly desiring. Greek. epipotheo. See Romans 1:11.

being mindful = having remembered.

that = in order that. Greek hina.

filled. App-125.

Verse 5

When I call, &c. Literally Having received remembrance (Greek. hupomnesis. Here and 2 Peter 1:13, 2 Peter 3:1).

unfeigned. See 1 Timothy 1:5.

that is. Omit.

dwelt = indwelt. Greek. enoikeb. See Romans 8:11,

grandmother. Greek. mamme. Only here.

Verse 6

Wherefore = on account of (App-104) which cause.

put., in remembrance. Greek. anamimnisko. See 1 Corinthians 4:17.

stir up. Lit, stir into flame. Greek. anasdpureo. Only here.

Verse 7

hath. given = gave.

the = a.

spirit. App-101.

fear = cowardice. Greek. deilia. Only here.

power. App-172.

sound mind. Greek sophroaiamoa. Only here. Compare 1 Timothy 2:9; 1 Timothy 3:2. Titus 2:4, Titus 2:6, Titus 2:12.

Verse 8

of. Genitive of relation, concerning.

nor. Greek. mede.

partaker of the afflictions = suffer evil with (me). Greek su nkakopatheo, Only here.

gospel. App-120.

Verse 9

bath. Omit.

saved. Compare 1 Timothy 1:1

called. Compare 1 Timothy 6:12.

purpose. See Acts 11:23.

before, &c. App-151.

Verse 10

made manifest. App-106.

appearing. App-106.

Who = in that He.

hath. Omit.

abolished. Greek. katargeo. See Luke 13:7.

brought . . . to light = shed light on. Greek. photizo. See Luke 11:36 .

immortality = incorruption. Greek. aphtharsia. See Romans 2:7. The Lord did this in His own person, when He rose from the dead, alive for evermore. Acts 13:34. Romans 6:9. Revelation 1:18.

through, App-104. 2 Timothy 1:1.

Verse 11

Whereunto = Unto (Greek. eis) which.

am = was.

preacher. App-121.

Gentiles. Greek. ethnos, Compare Acts 22:21; Acts 28:28. Romans 11:13; Romans 11:15, Romans 11:16. Galatians 1:16; Galatians 2:2. Ephesians 3:1, Ephesians 3:8. 1 Timothy 2:7.

Verse 12

For the which cause, Same as "wherefore", 2 Timothy 1:6.

also, &c = I suffer these things also.

keep = guard, as in 1 Timothy 6:20.

that which I have committed unto Him = my deposit. Greek paratheke. Seo 1 Timothy 6:20. against = unto. Greek. e is.

that day. The day of His appearing. Compare 2 Timothy 4:8.

Verse 13

fast, Omit.

form. Greek. hupotupoais. See 1 Timothy 1:16.

sound. See 1 Timothy 1:10 with 1 Timothy 6:3.

words. App-121.

of = from. Greek. para. App-104.

Verse 14

That good . . . thee = The good deposit. Greek. parathe ke, as in 2 Timothy 1:12.

Holy Ghost. App-101.

Verse 15

be turned = turned.

Phygellus, &c. Nothing is known of these two.

Verse 16

house = household. Onesiphorus must have recently died.

refreshed. Greek anapsucho. Only here. Compare Acts 3:19.

chain. Compare Acts 28:20. Ephesians 6:20.

Verse 18

Lord. App-98.

ministered. App-190.

unto me. Omit.at = in. App-104.

very well. Greek. beltion. Only here.

Chapter 2

Verse 1

son . App-108 .

be strong . Greek. endunamoo . See Acts 9:22 , and compare Ephesians 6:10 .

in . App-104 . grace. App-184 .

Christ Jesus . App-98 .

Verse 2

of . App-104 .

among = by means of. App-104 . 2 Timothy 2:1 .

the same = these. faithful. App-160 .

men. App-123 .

who = such as.

able competent. See 2 Corinthians 2:16 (sufficient).

others . App-124 . No reference to bishops and ecclesiastical organizations. All these have failed.

Verse 3

endure hardness . Greek. kakopatheo . Literally suffer

evil . Here, 2 Timothy 2:9 ; 2 Timothy 4:5 , James 5:13 .

Jesus Christ . The texts read "Christ Jesus", as 2 Timothy 2:1 .

Verse 4

No man No one. Greek. oudeis.

warreth . Compare 1 Timothy 1:18 .

entangleth . Greek empteko. Only here and 2 Peter 2:20 .

affairs . Greek. pragmateia. Only here.

life . App-170 .

that = in order that. Greek hina .

hath chosen , &c. = chose, &c. Greek. stratoiogeo. Only here. The Master's "Well done" is the reward.

Verse 5

if . App-118

a man = any one. App-123 .

also strive = strive also,

strive for masteries = contend in the games. Greek. athteo . Only here.

not . App-105 .

crowned . Greek. stephanoo. Only here and Hebrews 2:7 , Hebrews 2:9 . The crown was of wild olive or laurel leaves.

except = if ( ean )., not (m5). lawfully. See 1 Timothy 1:8 .

Verse 6

first , &c. = the first to partake.

Verse 7

Lord . App-98 .

give . The texts read shall give".

Verse 8

that . Omit.

Jesus Christ . App-98 . The thoughts of Timothy are directed to the person of Jesus Christ, as well as to His work. Compare Hebrews 3:1 ; Hebrews 3:12 , Hebrews 3:3 ; Hebrews 3:7 , Hebrews 3:8 . App-104 .

David . Compare Romans 1:3 ,

was . Omit.

raised . App-178 .

from the dead . App-139 .

according to . App-104 .

gospel, App-140 .

Verse 9

Wherein = In (Greek. en) which.

suffer trouble . Greek. kakopatheo, no in 2 Timothy 2:3 .

evil doer . Greek. kakourgos. Only here and Luke 23:32 , Luke 23:33 , Luke 23:39 (of the malefactors crucified with the Lord). For the other word for evil doer, kopoios, see John 18:30 .

unto = as for as. Greek. mechri.

word . App-121 .

God. App-98 .

Verse 10

Therefore = On account of ( App-104 . 2 Timothy 2:2 ) this.

for. sakes . App-104 . 2 Timothy 2:2 .

may also = also may.

with . App-10 .

eternal . App-151 .

glory. See p. 1511.

Verse 11

It is , &c. = Faithful is the saying. The fourth occurance. See 1 Timothy 1:15 .

saying = word. App-121 . if. App-118 . a,

be dead with = died with (Greek. sunapotinesko) Him. See 2 Corinthians 7:3 .

also live , &c. = live together also with (Greek. suzab) Him. See Romans 6:8 .

Verse 12

suffer . Same as "endure", 2 Timothy 2:10 .

also reign , to. = reign together also, to. Greek. sumbasileuo . Only here and 1 Corinthians 4:8 .

Verse 13

believe not = are unbelieving. Greek. apieteo. Acts 28:24 .

abideth . See p. 1511.

He . The texts prefix "For".

cannot = is not ( App-105 .) able to.

Verse 14

put, &c. Greek. hupomimnesko See John 14:26 .

charging = earnestly testifying to. Greek. diamarturomai See Acts 2:40 .

the Lord . Some texts read "God strive. about words. Greek. logomacheo. Only here. The noun in 1 Timothy 6:4 .

not . App-105 .

to . App-104 .

no profit = nothing (Greek. oudeis) profitable (Greek. chresimos . Only here).

to. App-104 .

subverting . Greek. katastrophe. Only here and 2 Peter 2:6 .

Verse 15

Study = Be diligent. Greek spoudazo. See Galatians 1:2 , Galatians 1:10 .

shew = present, as Colossians 1:22 , Colossians 1:28 .

approved . Greek. dokimos . See Romans 14:18 .

unto = to Dative case.

workman . Greek. engrates. This word is translated "labourer ten times; "worker", or "workman", six times. that, &c. = without cause for shame. Greek. anepaischuntos . Only here.

rightly dividing . Greek. orthofomeo. Only here.

Verse 16

shun . Greek. periistemi . See Acts 25:7 .

profane . See 1 Timothy 1:9 .

vain babblings . See 1 Timothy 6:20 .

increase = advance. Greek. prokopto. See Romans 13:12 ,

unto , App-104 .

ungodliness . App-128 .

Verse 17

eat . Literally have pasture (Greek. nome. Only here and John 10:9 ),

canker = gangrene. Greek. gangraina. Only here.

Hymenesus Compare 1 Timothy 1:20

Philetue , Nothing is known of him.

Verse 18

Who = For they.

concerning . App-104 .

have . Omit.

erred . See 1 Timothy 1:6 .

resurrection . App-178 .

is past = has taken place.

overthrow = overturn. Greek. anatrepo. Only here end Titus 1:11 .

faith . App-150 .

Some . App-124 .

Verse 19

the foundation , &c, = God's firm foundation.

sure = firm. Greek. stereos .

Here; Hebrews 5:12 , Hebrews 5:14 ; 1 Peter 5:9 . Compare Acts 16:5 .Colossians 2:5 ,

Lord . App-98 .

knoweth = knew. App-132 . A reference here to Numbers 16:5 .

Christ. The texts read "the Lord". as above.

from . App-104 .

iniquity . App-128 . May allude to Numbers 16:26 .

Verse 20

also , &c. = wooden also. of wood wooden. Greek. xulinos . Only here and Revelation 9:20 .

of earth . Greek. ostrakinos, See 2 Corinthians 4:7 .

to . App-104 .

Verse 21

purge = thoroughly purge. Greek ekkathairo. See 1 Corinthians 5:7 ,

unto . App-104 .

meet = useful or profitable. Greek. euchrestos, Only here, 2 Timothy 4:11 .Philippians 1:11 .

Master's . App-98 .

Verse 22

youthful = the youthful. Greek. neoterikos. Only here.

righteousness . App-191 .

charity . App-135 .

out of . App-104 .

Verse 23

foolish = the foolish. Greek. moros. See 1 Corinthians 1:25 .

unlearned = uninstructed, and so, trifling. Greek. apaidentos . Only here in N.T., but occurs in the Septuagint several times translated "fools",

questions . Greek. zetesis . See Acts 26:30 .

avoid = reject, or refuse. See 1 Timothy 4:7 ,

knowing . App-182 .

gender = beget.

strifes . Greek. mache . See 2 Corinthians 7:5 .

Verse 24

servant . App-190 .:2.

strive. Greek. machomai. See Acts 1:26 .

gentle. See 1 Thessalonians 2:2 .

unto. App-104 .

apt to teach. 1 Timothy 3:2 .

patient. Literally enduring evil. Greek. anexikakos Only here.

Verse 25

meekness . See 1 Corinthians 4:21 .

instructing. Greek. peideuo, which means to train a child, and so to chastise, chasten. Compare Acts 22:3 . 2 Corinthians 6:9 . Hebrews 12:6 .

those that , &c. = the opposers. Greek. antidiatithemi . Only here.

if . . . peradventure = lest at any time. Greek. a pots.

will = should.

repentance. App-111 .

acknowledging. App-132 .

Verse 26

recover themselves. Literally become sober again. Greek. ananepho . Compare 2 Timothy 4:5 .

snare. See 1 Timothy 3:7 .

taken captive . Greek. z ogreo, See Luke 6:10 .

by. App-104 .

at = unto. App-104 .

will . App-102 . The pronouns "him" and "his" have not the same reference. The first refers to the servant, the second to God, and the meaning of the passage is, the distill stirs up those lie has ensnared to oppose, lest God should give them repentance, and lest, having been taken captive by God's servant, they should escape the snare, to do the will of God.

Chapter 3

Verse 1

know . App-132 .

in. Greek. en . App-104 .

last days . See Acts 2:17 .

perilou s = hard, difficult, grievous. Greek. chelepos, Only here and Matthew 8:28 .

times = seasons. App-196 .

Verse 2

men . App-123 .,

lovers , &c Greek. philaute s. Only here.

covetous = lovers of money. Greek. philarguros. Only here and Luke 16:14 .

boasters. Greek. alazon, See Romans 1:30 .

proud . Greek. huperephanos. See 2Ti 1:30 .

disobedient, &c. See Romans 1:30 .

unthankful . Greek. acharistos . Only here and Luke 6:35 .

unholy . See 1 Timothy 1:9 .

Verse 3

Without , &c. See Romans 1:31 .

trucebreakers . Greek. aspodos. See Romans 1:31 , where it is rendered "implacable".

false accusers = slanderers. Greek. diabotos.

incontinent . Greek. akrates . Only here. Compare 1 Corinthians 7:5 .

fierce . Greek anemeros, Only here.

despisers, &c. Literally not lovers of the good. Greek aphilagathos. Only here.

Verse 4

Traitors . Greek. prodotes. Only here; Luke 6:16 . Acts 7:52 .

heady = headstrong. See Acts 19:36 ,

highminded = puffedup. See 1 Timothy 3:6 ,

lovers , &c. Greek. philedonos. Only here,

lovers of God. Greek. philotheos. Only here.

Verse 5

form . Greek. morphosis. Only here and Romans 2:29 .

godliness . See 1 Timothy 2:2 .

power . App-172 , L

from such = and from these.

turn away . Greek. apotrepomai. Only here.

Verse 6

of. App-104 .

this sort = these.

creep . Greek. enduno Only here. Akin to enduo, to clothe, to put on. into. App-104 .

houses = the houses.

lead captive . See Ephesians 4:8 .

silly women . Greek. gunaikarion, neut. A diminutive form of geno , used as a term of contempt. Only here.

laden . Greek soreuo. See Romans 12:20 .

sins . App-128 .

Verse 7

Ever = Always. App-151 .

never = not at any time. Greek. medepote. Only here

to . App-101 .

knowledge . App-132 .

Verse 8

as . Literally in the manner in which.

Jannes and Jambres . The names of the magicians of Exodus 7:11 . Found in the Targum of Jonathan.

withstood . Greek. anthistemi . Translated nine times "resist", five times "withstand".

Moses . The tenth occurance of the name in the Epistles. See Romans 5:14 .

resist. Same as "withstood".

of corrupt minds = utterly corrupted (Greek. kataphtheiro. Only here and 2 Peter 2:12 ) as to their mind.

reprobate . See Romans 1:28 .

concerning . App-104 .

faith . App-150 .

Verse 9

proceed no = not ( App-105 ) proceed. Greek. prokopto, as in Romans 13:12 .

further . Literally to ( App-101 ) more. The magicians were allowed to imitate Moses up to a certain point, and then God stopped them. Ex, 7, 11, 12, 22; 2Ti 8:7 , 2Ti 8:18 , 2Ti 8:19 .

folly . Greek. anonia . Only here and Luke 6:11 .

manifest = thoroughly manifest. Greek. ekdelos. Only here.

unto = to.

Verse 10

hast , &c. = didst follow up. See 1 Timothy 4:6 .

manner of life . Greek agoge . Only here.

purpose . See 2 Timothy 1:9 .

charity . See 2 Timothy 2:22 ,

Verse 11

afflictions . Greek. pathema. Generally transl suffering. See Romans 7:5 .

at . App-104 .

Antioch , &c. See Acts 13:50 ; Acts 14:5 , Acts 14:19 .

endured . See 1 Corinthians 10:13 .

out of . App-104 .

Lord . App-98 .:2, A.

delivered , Compare 2 Corinthians 1:10 .

Verse 12

will . App-102 .

live . App-170 .

godly Greek eusabos. Only here and Titus 2:12 .

Christ Jesus . App-98 .

suffer persecution = be persecuted.

Verse 13

evil. App-128 .

seducers. Greek. goes. Only here.

wax. Same as "proceed", 2 Timothy 3:9 .

worse, &c. -to ( App-104 .) the worse.

Verse 14

continue = abide. Greek meno. See p. 1511.

bast learned = didst learn.

hast been , &c. = west assured of. Greek. pistoemai. Only here.

knowing . App-182 . Li,

of = from. App-101 .

whom . App-124 .

Verse 15

from . App-104 .

child . App-108 .

holy. Greek. hieras. Only here and 1 Corinthians 9:13 .

Scriptures. Greek. Plural of gramma. See John 7:16 . The usual word for the "Scriptures" is graphe, 2 Timothy 3:16 .

make . . . wise . Greek. sophizo. Only here and 2 Peter 1:16 .

unto . App-104 .

through . App-104 . 2 Timothy 3:1 .

Verse 16

All Scripture . Greek. pasagraphe (singular)

given by inspiration of God = God-inbreathed. Greek. theopneustos. Only here.

profitable. See 1 Timothy 4:8 .

for . App-104 .

reproof . Greek. elenchos. It means "proof" and so "conviction". Only here and Hebrews 11:1 . The texts read elegmos .

correction . Greek. epanorthosis. Only here.

instruction. Greek. paideia. See Ephesians 6:4 .

righteousness . App-191 . It will be noticed that in the earlier part of the verse the word "is "appears in italics, showing that there is no word for it in the Greek and it has therefore to be supplied. The Revised Version omits" is" in the first case and reads, "Every Scripture inspired of God is also profitable", thus suggesting that some Scriptures are not inspired. There are eight other passages which present exactly the same construction, and not one of these has been altered by the Revisers. Had they done so in the same manner as they have done in this case, the result would have been as fol lows: Romans 7:12 . The holy commandment is also just. 1 Corinthians 11:30 . Many weak are also sickly. 2 Corinthians 10:10 . His weighty letters are also powerful. Similarly with the other passages, which are 1 Timothy 1:15 ; 1 Timothy 2:3 ; 1 Timothy 4:4 , 1 Timothy 4:9 . Hebrews 4:13 . It is true the Authorized Version rendering is given in the margin of the Revised Version, but it is difficult to see why that should be disturbed.

Verse 17

That = In order that. Greek. hina.

the man of God . See App-49 .

God . App-98 .

perfect = fitted. Greek. artios . Only here. App-126 .

throughly furnished = equipped. See Acts 21:5 . App-126 .

unto . App-104 .

all. works = every work.

Chapter 4

Verse 1

charge . Greek. diamarturomai. See 2 Timothy 2:14 .

before = in the sight of.

God . App-98 .

the Lord Jesus Christ . The texts read "Christ Jesus". App-98 .

shall = is about to.

judge . App-122 .

the . Omit.

Quick = living.

dead . App-139 .

at . App-104 . The texts read "and by".

appearing . App-106 .

kingdom . See App-112 .

Verse 2

Preach . App-121 .

word . App-121 .

in season . Greek. eukairos. Only here and Mark 14:11 .

out of season . Greek. akairos. Only here. reprove. Greek. elencho. See John 8:9 . Tim. 2Ti 5:20 .

rebuke . Greek. epitimao . One, twenty- nine times, twenty-four times "rebuke", five times "charge". All in Gospels, save been and Jude 1:9 . The difference between these two Greek. words is that the former means to bring to conviction, as used in John 8:46 ; John 16:8 ; while the latter can be used of unjust or ineffectual rebuke, as in Matthew 16:22 . Luk 25:40 .

exhort . App-134 .

with . App-104 .

doctrine = teaching. Greek. didache,Verse 3

time = season.

come = be.

not . App-106 .

sound = the sound. See 1 Timothy 1:10 .

doctrine . Greek. didaskalia , as 1 Timothy 4:6 .

after . App-104 .

heap . Greek. episoreuo. Only here.

having itching ears = itching in regard to hearing.

itching . Greek. knetho. Only here.

Verse 4

ears = hearing, as in 2 Timothy 4:3 .

from . App-104 .

turned . See 1 Timothy 1:6 .

unto . App-104 .

fables = myths. See 1 Timothy 1:4 .

Verse 5

watch . Greek. nepho. See 1 Thessalonians 5:6 .

in. App-104 .

endure afflictions = suffer evil. Greek. kakopetheo. See 2 Timothy 2:8 .

evangelist . Compare App-121 .

make full proof of = fully accomplish. Greek. plerophoreo. See Romans 4:21 .

ministry . App-190 .

Verse 6

now ready , &c. = already being poured out. Greek. spendomai . See Philippians 2:17 .

departure . Greek. analusis . Only here. Compare Philippians 1:1 , Philippians 1:29 .

at hand . Same as "instant", 2 Timothy 4:2 .

Verse 7

fought . Greek. agonizomai . See Luke 13:24 .

a = the.

fight . Greek. agon. See Phil. I. so and compare 1 Timothy 6:12 .

finished . Greek. te leo. Compare App-1262 Timothy 1:2 ,

my = the.

course . Greek. dromos. See Acts 13:25 .

faith . App-150 .

Verse 8

laid up . Greek. apokeimai. See Colossians 1:5 .

a = the.

righteousness . App-191 .

Lord . App-9 .

righteous . App-191 .

Judge , Compare 2 Timothy 4:1 .Acts 17:3 Acts 17:1 .

give = repay or recompense. Greek. apodidomi. See 2 Timothy 4:14 . at. App-104 .

unto = to.

love . App-135 . Perf. tense, "have loved".

Verse 9

Do , &c. = Hasten.

shortly = speedily.

unto. Greek. pros. App-104 .

Verse 10

De mas . See Colossians 4:14 . Phm. 2Ti 1:24 .

hath forsaken = forsook. Greek. eskateleipe . See Acts 2:22 .

this , &c. the age that is now.

world . App-129 .

unto . App-104 . Crescens. He is not mentioned elsewhere, and perhaps had gone to Galatia at his own instance and with the apostle's consent. The same may be said of Titus. There is no condemnation of them, ae of Demas, ]tut they are not said to have been sent, as Tychicus was.

to . Same as "unto".

Verse 11

Luke . This faithful and devoted companion, sharer of Paul's labours and afflictions for so many years, always modestly keeping himself in the back- ground, most have been a comfort indeed.

with . App-104 .

Take = Take up, i.e. on the way. Compare Acts 20:13 , Acts 20:14 .

Mark . See Acts 12:25 ; Acts 12:13 , Acts 12:5 , Acts 12:19 ; Acts 12:15 , Act 12:37-39 . Colossians 4:10 . Phm. 2Ti 1:24 .

profitable . See "meet", I. 21.

for . App-104 .

the ministry = ministering. App-190 .

Verse 12

Tychicus . See Acts 20:4 . 1 Chronicles 4:7; 1 Chronicles 4:7 . Titus 3:12 .

have. Omit.

sent . App-174 .

Verse 13

cloke . Greek. phailones. Only here.

with . App-104 .

parchments . Greek. membrane. Only here.

Verse 14

Alexander . The addition of "coppersmith" suggests his identity with the Ephesian Jew of Acts 19:33 , Acts 19:34 ,

coppersmith . Greek. chalkeus. Only here.

did . Literally showed forth.

much evil = many evil ( App-128 ,) things.

reward . See 2 Timothy 4:8 .

according to . App-104 .

Verse 15

ware also = also ware.

withstood . See 2 Timothy 3:8 .

Verse 16

answer = defence. See Acts 22:1 .

no man = no one. Greek. oudeis .

stood with . Greek. sumparoginomai. Only here and Luke 23:48 .

pray , &c. = may it not.

not. App-106 .

laid to their charge = reckoned to them.

Verse 17

Notwithstanding = But.

strengthened . See Acts 9:22 .

that = in order that. Greek. hina. by. App-104 . 2 Timothy 4:1 .

preaching . App-121 .8,

fully known . See 2 Timothy 4:5 .

delivered . Greek. rhuomai . See 2 Timothy 3:11 .

out of . Greek. ek. App-104 .

lion . This may mean that Paul established his claim, as a Roman citizen, not to meet his death in the amphitheatre; or it may be a metaphor for Nero.

Verse 18

evil . App-128 .

preserve = save.

heavenly . Greek. epouranios, as in Ephesians 1:3 , &c.

for ever , &c. App-151 . a.

Verse 19

Prisca . Elsewhere called Priscilla. Acts 18:2 , Acts 18:18 , Acts 18:24 . Rom 16:3 . 1 Corinthians 16:19 .

household . as 2 Timothy 1:16 .

Onesiphorus. Compare 2 Timothy 1:11 .

Verse 20

Erastus . See Acts 19:22 . Rom 18:23 .

Trophimus . Acts 20:4 ; Acts 21:29 .

sick . Paul's authority to heal had ceased. Compare Philippians 1:2 , Php 1:25-27 . 1 Timothy 5:23 .

Verse 21

before . App-104 .

Pudens . Pudens and Claudia are supposed by some to be man and wife, and have been identified with Titus Claudius and Claudia Quinctilia, whose inscription over a child they lost has been discovered near Rome.

Linus . Probably a bishop of Rome.

Verse 22

Jesus Christ . The texts omit,

spirit . App-101 .

Grace . App-184 .

Amen Omit,

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